'A'isha, have you anything (to eat)? I said: 'Messenger of Allah, there is nothing with us. Thereupon he said: I am observing fast. She said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out, and there was a present, for us and (at the same time) some visitors dropped in. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back, I said to him: Messenger of Allah, a present was given to us, (and in the meanwhile) there came to us visitors (a major Portion of it has been spent on them), but I have saved something for you. He said: What is it? I said: It is hais (a compound of dates and clarified butter). He said: Bring that. So I brought it to him and he ate it and then said: I woke up in the morning observing fast. Talha said: I narrated this hadith to Mujahid and he said: This (observing of voluntary fast) is like a person who sets apart Sadaqa out of his wealth. He may spend it if he likes, or he may retain it if he so likes. (Using translation from Muslim 1154a)   

قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ يَا عَائِشَةُ هَلْ عِنْدَكِ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ لَا وَاللهِ مَا عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ قَالَ فَإِنِّي صَائِمٌ قَالَتْ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأُهْدِيَتْ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ أَوْ جَاءَنَا زُوَّرٌ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أُهْدِيَتْ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ أَوْ جَاءَنَا زُوَّرٌ وَقَدْ خَبَّأْتُ لَكَ شَيْئًا قَالَ مَا هُوَ؟ قُلْتُ حَيْسٌ قَالَ هَاتِيهِ فَجِئْتُ بِهِ فَأَكَلَ ثُمَّ قَالَ قَدْ كُنْتُ أَصْبَحْتُ صَائِمًا قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ لَفْظُ الْعَقَدِيِّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me and I said, "Indeed, we have hidden some barley for you." He said, "I had intended to fast, but bring it closer to me like this."  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّا خَبَّأْنَا لَكَ حَيْسًا فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنِّي كُنْتُ أُرِيدُ الصَّوْمَ وَلَكِنْ قَرِّبِيهِ هَكَذَا  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ entered upon me and I said, "I have hidden some barley for you." He said, "I intended to fast, but bring it to me and I will make up for the day (by giving it in charity)." Abu Al-Hasan Al-Dariquti (may Allah have mercy on him) transmitted this statement to Muhammad bin Amr bin Abbas Al-Bahili, claiming that no one else had reported it in this wording and it was not narrated consecutively on his authority. However, this is incorrect, as Ibn Uyaynah reported it towards the end of his life when he was recognized by the scholars of hadith as not being reliable (untrustworthy). Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Muhammad Al-Armi reported this, narrating from Shafi'i bin Muhammad, who reported from Abu Ja'far bin Salamah, who reported from Al-Muzani, who reported from Al-Shafi'i, who mentioned this hadith in the same wording.  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ خَبَّأْنَا لَكَ حَيْسًا فَقَالَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أُرِيدُ الصَّوْمَ وَلَكِنْ قَرِّبِيهِ وَأَقْضِي يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ وَكَانَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى يَحْمِلُ فِي هَذَا اللَّفْظِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ الْبَاهِلِيِّ هَذَا وَيَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ غَيْرُهُ وَلَمْ يُتَابَعْ عَلَيْهِ وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ فَقَدْ حَدَّثَ بِهِ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فِي آخِرِ عُمُرِهِ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ غَيْرُ مَحْفُوظٍ 8342 أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَرْمَوِيُّ ثنا شَافِعُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ ثنا الْمُزَنِيُّ ثنا الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِاللَّفْظِ الَّذِي  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me one day and said, "Do you have anything?" I said, "No." He said, "Then I will fast." She (the narrator) said, "He entered upon me another day and said, 'Do you have anything?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Then break your fast, even if you had intended to fast, and this is an authentic chain of narrators."  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَقَالَ أَعِنْدَكِ شَيْءٌ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ إِذًا أَصُومُ قَالَتْ وَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ يَوْمًا آخَرَ فَقَالَ أَعِنْدَكِ شَيْءٌ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ إِذًا أُفْطِرُ وَإِنْ كُنْتُ فَرَضْتُ الصَّوْمَ وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ befriended Salman and Abu Darda. Salman came to visit Abu Darda, and he found Umm Darda dressed in shabby clothes. He asked her, "What is wrong, O Umm Darda?" She replied, "Your brother Abu Darda stays up at night and fasts during the day, and he has no need for anything in this world." Abu Darda then came and welcomed Salman and brought him food. Salman said to him, "Eat," but Abu Darda replied, "I am fasting." Salman said, "I swear to you that I will not eat until you eat." So Abu Darda ate with him and then spent the night with him. When it was night time and Abu Darda wanted to get up, Salman stopped him and said, "O Abu Darda, your body has rights over you, your Lord has rights over you, and your family has rights over you. So fast and break your fast, pray and sleep with your family, and give everyone their rights." When it was dawn, Salman said, "Now you can get up if you wish." They both got up, performed ablution, prayed, and then went to the mosque. Abu Darda wanted to inform the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about what Salman had advised him, so he told him about it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "O Abu Darda, your body has rights over you just as Salman has told you."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ آخَى بَيْنَ سَلْمَانَ وَبَيْنَ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَ فَجَاءَهُ سَلْمَانُ يَزُورُهُ فَإِذَا أُمُّ الدَّرْدَاءِ مُتَبَذِّلَةً فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُكِ يَا أُمَّ الدَّرْدَاءِ قَالَتْ إِنَّ أَخَاكَ أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ يَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ وَيَصُومُ النَّهَارَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا حَاجَةٌ فَجَاءَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ فَرَحَّبَ بِهِ وَقَرَّبَ إِلَيْهِ طَعَامًا فَقَالَ لَهُ سَلْمَانُ أَطْعِمْ قَالَ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ قَالَ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ لَتُفْطِرَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا أَنَا بِآكِلٍ حَتَّى تَأْكُلَ فَأَكَلَ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ بَاتَ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ أَرَادَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ أَنْ يَقُومَ فَمَنَعَهُ سَلْمَانُ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ إِنَّ لِجَسَدِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَلِرَبِّكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَلِأَهْلِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا صُمْ وَأَفْطِرْ وَصَلِّ وَأْتِ أَهْلَكَ وَأَعْطِ كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي وَجْهِ الصُّبْحِ قَالَ قُمِ الْآنَ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَالَ فَقَامَا فَتَوَضَّآ ثُمَّ رَكَعَا ثُمَّ خَرَجَا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَدَنَا أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ لِيُخْبِرَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِالَّذِي أَمَرَهُ سَلْمَانُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ إِنَّ لِجَسَدِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ لَكَ سَلْمَانُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me on Friday while I was fasting, and he asked: "Did you fast yesterday?" I said: "No." He asked: "Will you fast tomorrow?" I said: "No." He then said: "Then break your fast."  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَأَنَا صَائِمَةٌ فَقَالَ صُمْتِ أَمْسِ؟ قَالَتْ لَا قَالَ تَصُومِينَ غَدًا؟ قَالَتْ لَا قَالَ فَأَفْطِرِي  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me, and asked for water to drink. So, I gave him the container and I was fasting. I drank from the same container that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drank from. I said, "O Messenger of Allah, did I do something wrong? I am unsure if I did the right thing or not. You gave me your container while I was fasting, and I did not want to return it to you." He asked, "Did you do it voluntarily or was it a makeup fast for Ramadan?" I said, "Voluntarily." He said, "The one who fasts voluntarily has the choice to either continue fasting or break it."  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَسْقَى فَشَرِبَ فَنَاوَلَنِي سُؤْرَهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمَةٌ فَشَرِبْتُ سُؤْرَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَعَلْتُ شَيْئًا لَا أَدْرِي أَصَبْتُ أَمْ أَخْطَأْتُ نَاوَلْتَنِي سُؤْرَكَ وَأَنَا صَائِمَةٌ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّ سُؤْرَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَمُتَطَوِّعَةٌ أَمْ قَضَاءٌ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ؟ قُلْتُ مُتَطَوِّعَةٌ قَالَ الْمُتَطَوِّعُ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to say: "The voluntary fasting person is the master of his own self. He may fast if he wishes or break the fast if he wishes."  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ الصَّائِمُ الْمُتَطَوِّعُ أَمِيرُ نَفْسِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ brought a drink on the day of the conquest of Mecca and he drank from it. Then, he passed it to me and I drank, although I was fasting. I disliked to refuse the favor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, I was fasting and I disliked to refuse your favor." He asked me, "Did you have anything to make up for your fast?" I replied, "No." He said, "Then, it will not harm you." This is a narration from Ibrahim. And in the narration of Abu Al-Walid, it is reported from Harun, the son of the son of Umm Hanee, who said that Umm Hanee claimed that she heard from her that the Prophet ﷺ asked her the same question: "Did you have anything to make up for your fast?" And she replied, "No." He said, "Then, it will not harm you." Abu Al-Walid reported to us this narration from his book.  

أَتَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِشَرَابٍ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ نَاوَلَنِي فَشَرِبْتُ وَكُنْتُ صَائِمَةً فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّ فَضْلَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ صَائِمَةً فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّ فَضْلَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَكُنْتِ تَقْضِينَ عَنْكِ شَيْئًا؟ فَقُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَلَا يَضُرُّكِ هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ عَنْ هَارُونَ ابْنِ ابْنِ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ مِنْهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهَا أَكُنْتِ تَقْضِينَ عَنْكِ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَتْ لَا قَالَ فَلَا يَضُرُّكِ قَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ حَدَّثَنَا حَدِيثَ سِمَاكٍ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon her, so she gave him a drink. He drank and then she gave him another drink. She said, "O Messenger of Allah, I was fasting." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The voluntary faster is trustworthy or the ruler of himself. If he wishes, he fasts and if he wishes, he breaks the fast." Shu'bah said: So I said to Ja'dah, "Did you hear it from 'Um Hani'?" He said, "Our family and Abu Salih, the slave of 'Um Hani', informed me about 'Um Hani'."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَنَاوَلَتْهُ شَرَابًا فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ نَاوَلَهَا فَشَرِبَتْ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كُنْتُ صَائِمَةً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الصَّائِمُ الْمُتَطَوِّعُ أَمِينُ أَوْ أَمِيرُ نَفْسِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ فَقُلْتُ لِجَعْدَةَ أَسَمِعْتَهُ أَنْتَ مِنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي أَهْلُنَا وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ  

On the days of the conquest of Mecca, when Mecca was captured, Fatimah came and sat on the left side of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and Umm Hani was on his right side. A slave-girl brought a vessel which contained some drink; she gave it to him and he drank of it. He then gave it to Umm Hani who drank of it. She said: Messenger of Allah, I have broken my fast; I was fasting. He said to her: Were you making atonement for something? She replied: No. He said: Then it does not harm you if it was voluntary (fast). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2456)   

عَنْ يَسَارِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأُمُّ هَانِئٍ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ قَالَ فَجَاءَتِ الْوَلِيدَةُ بِإِنَاءٍ فِيهِ شَرَابٌ فَنَاوَلَتْهُ فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ نَاوَلَهُ أُمَّ هَانِئٍ فَشَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَقَدْ أَفْطَرْتُ وَكُنْتُ صَائِمَةً فَقَالَ لَهَا أَكُنْتِ تَقْضِينَ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَتْ لَا قَالَ فَلَا يَضُرُّكِ إِنْ كَانَ تَطَوُّعًا  

[Machine] If you wake up intending to fast, then you are in one of two conditions: if you wish, you can observe fasting; and if you wish, you can break your fast.  

إِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ وَأَنْتَ تَنْوِي الصِّيَامَ فَأَنْتَ بِأَحَدِ النَّظَرَيْنِ إِنْ شِئْتَ صُمْتَ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَفْطَرْتَ  

[Machine] That a person should break their voluntary fast and a parable for that is a man who performed the Tawaf seven times but did not complete it, so he will have the reward of what he intended, or he prayed a unit of prayer but did not pray another, so he will have the reward of what he intended.  

أَنْ يُفْطِرَ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي صِيَامِ التَّطَوُّعِ وَيَضْرِبُ لِذَلِكَ أَمْثَالًا رَجُلٌ طَافَ سَبْعًا وَلَمْ يُوفِهِ فَلَهُ أَجْرُ مَا احْتَسَبَ أَوْ صَلَّى رَكْعَةً وَلَمْ يُصَلِّ أُخْرَى فَلَهُ أَجْرُ مَا احْتَسَبَ  

[Machine] Abu al-Abbas narrated that al-Rabi' told al-Shafi'i who narrated from Muslim and Abd al-Majid, who narrated from Ibn Jurayj, who narrated from Amr bin Dinar, who said: Ibn Abbas used to not find any difficulty in fasting voluntary fasts without having breakfast.  

ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ مُسْلِمٌ وَعَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ لَا يَرَى بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي صِيَامِ التَّطَوُّعِ بَأْسًا  

[Machine] Abu al-Abbas reported that al-Rabi' told al-Shafi'i, who told 'Abd al-Majid, who narrated from Ibn Jurayj, who narrated from Abu al-Zubayr, who reported from Jabir ibn Abdullah that he did not consider eating before the optional fasting to be forbidden.  

ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ الْمَجِيدِ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَى بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي صِيَامِ التَّطَوُّعِ بَأْسًا  

[Machine] The fasting person breaks their fast with the sighting of the midday sun, and this was narrated from other sources as well, although its authenticity is not confirmed.  

الصَّائِمُ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ وَرُوِيَ هَذَا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ مَرْفُوعًا وَلَا يَصِحُّ رَفْعُهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "The one fasting with dates is like the one fasting with half of the day." And Abu Al-Hasan Al-'Alawi narrated to us, who was informed by Abu Al-Fadl, who was narrated by Ibrahim, who was informed by 'Awn ibn 'Umarah, who was narrated by Ja'far ibn Al-Zubair, from Al-Qasim, from Abu Umamah, from the Prophet ﷺ , a similar narration was mentioned by 'Awn ibn 'Umarah Al-'Anbari, who is weak.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الصَّائِمُ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ 8357 وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَلَوِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ أنبأ عَوْنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَوْنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ  

[Machine] I heard my Khalil Abu Al-Qasim (Peace be upon him) say that for voluntary fasting, it is recommended to fast until halfway through the day. And Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Abdan informed us that Ahmad ibn Ubayd Al-Saffar told us that Muhammad ibn Al-Faraj Al-Azraq mentioned it with its chain of narrators, similar to Ibrahim ibn Muzahim and Sari' ibn Nabhana, who are both unknown.  

سَمِعْتُ خَلِيلِي أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ يَقُولُ الصَّائِمُ فِي التَّطَوُّعِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِلَى نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ 8359 وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْأَزْرَقُ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ وَسَرِيعُ بْنُ نَبْهَانَ مَجْهُوَلَانِ