[Machine] The Prophet PBUH said that Islam is built upon five pillars: the oneness of Allah, establishing prayer, giving zakat, fasting during Ramadan, and performing Hajj.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ عَلَى أَنْ يُوَحَّدَ اللهُ وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ وَصِيَامِ رَمَضَانَ وَالْحَجِّ  

[Machine] I said to Ibn Abbas, "I have a jar of sweet wine that I drink. When I drink too much of it, I join the people and attend the gathering. I am afraid of being rebuked." He said to me, "The delegation of Abd al-Qays has arrived, and they said, 'Welcome to the delegation, except for the Khazayah tribe.' They said, 'O Messenger of Allah, between us and you are the disbelieving Mudar people, and we can only come to you in the forbidden month. So we have devised a plan that we practice and invite others to do the same.' He said to them, 'I command you to have faith. Do you know what faith is?' They replied, 'It is the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and to establish prayer, give zakat, fast in Ramadan, and perform Hajj to the Sacred House.' He said, 'And I consider it to be giving one-fifth of the spoils of war, and I forbid you from drinking from a jar, a water bag, a wooden pitcher, or a hollowed-out log.'"  

قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّ لِي جَرَّةَ نَبِيذٍ حُلْوٍ فَأَشْرَبُهُ فَإِذَا أَكْثَرْتُ مِنْهُ فَجَالَسْتُ الْقَوْمَ فَأَطَلْتُ الْمَجْلِسَ خِفْتُ أَنْ أَنْتَضِحَ فَقَالَ لِي قَدِمَ وَفْدُ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ فَقَالَ مَرْحَبًا بِالْوَفْدِ غَيْرِ الْخَزَايَا قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ كُفَّارَ مُضَرَ وَإِنَّا لَا نَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ إِلَّا فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ فَمُرْنَا بِأَمْرٍ نَعْمَلُ بِهِ وَنَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ مَنْ وَرَاءَنَا قَالَ آمُرُكُمْ بِالْإِيمَانِ تَدْرُونَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَأَنْ تُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُوا رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجُّوا الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ قَالَ وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ وَتُعْطُوا الْخُمُسَ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الشُّرْبِ فِي الْجَرِّ وَالدُّبَّاءِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ وَالنَّقِيرِ  

[Machine] The companions of Muhammad ﷺ narrated that fasting was initially prescribed in three different situations: when people first arrived in Madinah and were not accustomed to fasting, they would fast for three days each month. This continued until the month of Ramadan was revealed, at which point they increased their fasting and found it difficult. Whoever fed a poor person every day instead of fasting was allowed to do so, if they were not capable of fasting. This ruling was then abrogated when the verse "And fasting is better for you, if only you knew" (2:184) was revealed, and they were commanded to fast. Al-Bukhari and Ibn Numair both mentioned the same in a summarized form.  

ثنا أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ قَالُوا أُحِيلَ الصَّوْمُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَحْوَالٍ قَدِمَ النَّاسُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ بِالصِّيَامِ فَكَانُوا يَصُومُونَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَكْثَرُوا ذَلِكَ وَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَكَانَ مَنْ أَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَرَكَ الصِّيَامَ مِمَنْ يُطِيقُهُ رَخَّصَ لَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ وَنَسَخَهُ {وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ} [البقرة 184] قَالَ فَأُمِرُوا بِالصِّيَامِ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَقَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضَ مَعْنَاهُ مُخْتَصَرًا  

[Machine] As for fasting, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed fasting after arriving in Madinah. He used to fast three days from every month, as well as fasting on the day of Ashura. He continued to fast for seventeen months, from the month of Rabi' al-Awwal to the month of Rabi' al-Thani, until Ramadan came. Then Allah, the Most Blessed and Exalted, obligated him to fast the month of Ramadan, as stated in the verse "Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you" [Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:183]. The rest of this narration was mentioned by Mursal Abdullah ibn Rahman, who did not reach Muadh ibn Jabal.  

وَأَمَّا حَوْلُ الصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَامَ بَعْدَمَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَجَعَلَ يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَصَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصَامَ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا شَهْرَ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ} [البقرة 183] وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الْحَدِيثِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ  

[Machine] During Ramadan at the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, whoever wanted to fast (could), and whoever wanted to break their fast (could) and feed a needy person (instead) until the verse was revealed, "So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it." [Quran 2:185]  

كُنَّا فِي رَمَضَانَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ وَافْتَدَى بِطَعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ حَتَّى أُنْزِلَتِ الْآيَةُ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185]  

Salamah bin Al Akwa said “After the revelation of the verse “For those who can do it(with hardship) is a ransom, the feeding of one, that is indigent, is one of us intended to leave fast and pay ransom, he could do so.” until the verse following it was revealed and abrogated the (previous) verse.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2315)   

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ} [البقرة 184] كَانَ مَنْ أَرَادَ مِنَّا أَنْ يُفْطِرَ وَيَفْتَدِيَ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا فَنَسَخَتْهَا  

[Machine] This verse, meaning "a ransom of feeding a poor person" [Surah Al-Baqarah 184], is the verse that follows it, "So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it" [Surah Al-Baqarah 185].  

نَسَخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ يَعْنِي {فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ} [البقرة 184] هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185]  

Ibn ʿUmar recited the verse: "They had a choice either to fast or to feed a poor person for every day, and said that the order of this Verse was canceled. (Using translation from Bukhārī 1949)   

هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ  

[Machine] No, but I set off to find. And it was his day to work in his land, so his eyes were tired. Then his wife came, and when she saw him, she said, "What a disappointment for you." So he woke up and the day did not end until he was unconscious. She mentioned that to the Prophet, ﷺ , so this verse was revealed: "Permitted to you, on the night of the Fast, is approach to your wives. They are your garments and ye are their garments." [Al-Baqarah 187]. They were extremely happy with it. "Then complete your Fast till the night appears." [Al-Baqarah 187]. This is the wording of the hadith of Al-Husayn ibn Hambash.  

لَا وَلَكِنِ أَنْطَلِقُ فَأَطْلُبُ وَكَانَ يَوْمَهُ يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِأَرْضِهِ فَغَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنَاهُ فَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ قَالَتْ خَيْبَةٌ لَكَ فَأَصْبَحَ فَلَمْ يَنْتَصِفِ النَّهَارُ حَتَّى غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ} [البقرة 187] فَفَرِحُوا بِهَا فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا {وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ} [البقرة 187] لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَمْشَاذٍ  

Ibn Abbas explained the following Qur'anic verse: "O ye who believe! fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you" During the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ, when the people offered night prayer, they were asked to abstain from food and drink and (intercourse with) women, they kept fast till the next night. A man betrayed himself and had intercourse with his wife after he had offered the night prayer, and he did not break his fast. So Allah, the Exalted, intended to make it (fasting) easy for those who survived, thus providing a concession and utility. Allah, the Glorified, said: "Allah knoweth what ye used to do secretly among yourselves." By this Allah benefited the people and provided concession and ease to them. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2313)   

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ} [البقرة 183] وَكَانَ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّوْا الْعَتَمَةَ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ وَالنِّسَاءُ وَصَامُوا إِلَى الْقَابِلَةِ فَاخْتَانَ رَجُلٌ نَفْسَهُ فَجَامَعَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَقَدْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ فَأَرَادَ اللهُ ﷻ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ ذَلِكَ يُسْرًا لِمَنْ بَقِيَ وَرُخْصَةً وَمَنْفَعَةً فَقَالَ {عَلِمَ اللهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ} [البقرة 187] الْآيَةَ وَكَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا نَفَعَ اللهُ بِهِ النَّاسَ أَرْخَصَ لَهُمْ وَيَسَّرَ  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, he commanded them to fast for three days. Then Ramadan was revealed and they were a people who were not accustomed to fasting, and fasting was difficult for them. So, whoever did not fast had to feed sixty poor people. Then this verse was revealed: "So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185] So, there was an exemption for the sick and the traveler, and they were commanded to fast. It is narrated that when a man used to break his fast, he would sleep before eating and he would not eat until morning. 'Umar wanted his wife and she said, "I have already slept." So he thought that she was menstruating and he approached her. Then a man from the Ansar came and he wanted some food, so they said, "Wait until we prepare something for you." And he slept. When they woke up, this verse was revealed: "It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ أُنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا لَمْ يَتَعَوَّدُوا الصِّيَامَ وَكَانَ الصِّيَامُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَدِيدًا فَكَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْ أَطْعَمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185] فَكَانَتِ الرُّخْصَةُ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ وَأُمِرُوا بِالصِّيَامِ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ وَأَرَادَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي قَدْ نِمْتُ فَظَنَّ أَنَّهَا تَعْتَلُّ فَأَتَاهَا فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَرَادَ طَعَامًا فَقَالُوا حَتَّى نُسَخِّنَ لَكَ شَيْئًا فَنَامَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِيهَا {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ} [البقرة 187]  

A bedouin with unkempt hair came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Inform me what Allah has made compulsory for me as regards the prayers." He replied: "You have to offer perfectly the five compulsory prayers in a day and night (24 hours), unless you want to pray Nawafil." The bedouin further asked, "Inform me what Allah has made compulsory for me as regards fasting." He replied, "You have to fast during the whole month of Ramadan, unless you want to fast more as Nawafil." The bedouin further asked, "Tell me how much Zakat Allah has enjoined on me." Thus, Messenger of Allah ﷺ informed him about all the rules (i.e. fundamentals) of Islam. The bedouin then said, "By Him Who has honored you, I will neither perform any Nawafil nor will I decrease what Allah has enjoined on me. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If he is saying the truth, he will succeed (or he will be granted Paradise). (Using translation from Bukhārī 1891)   

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثَائِرَ الرَّأْسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَخْبِرْنِي مَاذَا فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَقَالَ الصَّلَوَاتُ الْخَمْسُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَطَوَّعَ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي مَا فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الصِّيَامِ؟ فَقَالَ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَتَطَوَّعَ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي مَاذَا فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ؟ قَالَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِشَرَائِعِ الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ وَالَّذِي أَكْرَمَكَ لَا أَتَطَوَّعُ شَيْئًا وَلَا أَنْقُصُ مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيَّ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَفْلَحَ وَأَبِيهِ إِنْ صَدَقَ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَاللهِ إِنْ صَدَقَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not say 'Ramadan' as Ramadan is one of the names of Allah, but say 'the month of Ramadan' [instead]."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانُ فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللهِ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَهَكَذَا  

[Machine] "Do not say 'Ramadan,' for Ramadan is a name of Allah, but say 'the month of Ramadan.' This was narrated from Mujahid and Al-Hasan Al-Basri, but the chain of transmission is weak. Muhammad ibn Isma'il Al-Bukhari has argued for its permissibility in the authentic hadith."  

لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانُ فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللهِ ﷻ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ وَالطَّرِيقُ إِلَيْهِمَا ضَعِيفٌ وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فِي جَوَازِ ذَلِكَ بِالْحَدِيثِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise are opened, the gates of Hellfire are closed, and the devils are chained."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ فُتِّحَتْ أَبْوَابُ الْجَنَّةِ وَغُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ وَصُفِّدَتِ الشَّيَاطِينُ  

[Machine] On the authority of Hafsah, the wife of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , who narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever does not complete the fast before dawn, then there is no fasting for him." This hadith was also narrated by Abdullah ibn Wahb from Ibn Lahia and Yahya ibn Ayyub from Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr.  

عَنْ حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْمَعِ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ لَهُ وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ لَهِيعَةَ وَيَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ  

[Machine] From Hafsah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ, that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever does not combine fasting with the Fajr prayer, then there is no fasting for him." This was narrated by Ahmad ibn Salih from Ibn Wahb who said, "Before Fajr." This hadith has been a subject of controversy for Al-Zuhri in its chain of narration and its attribution to the Prophet, and Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr established its chain and attribution, and he is from the trustworthy narrators. Abu Abdul Rahman Al-Sulami narrated to us, narrated by Ali ibn Umar Al-Hafith who said, "Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr established its chain and its attribution," and he is from the trustworthy narrators. 7909  

عَنْ حَفْصَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يُجْمِعِ الصِّيَامَ مَعَ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ لَهُ كَذَا قَالَ وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ فَقَالَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ قَدِ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَى الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَفِي رَفْعِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَقَامَ إِسْنَادَهُ وَرَفَعَهُ وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الْأَثْبَاتِ 7909 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ رَفَعَهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ الرُّفَعَاءِ  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ said, 'Whoever does not spend the night in prayer during Ramadan, his fasting will not be accepted.' And it was narrated by Ma'mar from Al-Zuhri from Salim from his father from Hafsah saying, 'And it is also narrated from him from Al-Zuhri from Hamzah bin Abdullah from his father from Hafsah.' And it was narrated by Yunus from Al-Zuhri from Salim from Ibn Umar from his statement. And it was also narrated by Aqil from Al-Zuhri from Salim that Abdullah and Hafsah said this, and it was said otherwise. And it was narrated by Malik as well, as..."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يُبَيِّتِ الصِّيَامَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَلَا صِيَامَ لَهُ وَرَوَاهُ مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ مِنْ قَوْلِهَا وَقِيلَ عَنْهُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَفْصَةَ وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ وَرَوَاهُ عَقِيلٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ وَحَفْصَةَ قَالَا ذَلِكَ وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ كَمَا  

[Machine] And Hafsah did something similar to that.  

وَحَفْصَةَ ؓ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whoever does not spend the night in fasting before the break of dawn, their fasting is not valid." Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith al-Faqih informed us that Abu al-Hasan ad-Daraqutni narrated this hadith, and Abdullah ibn Abbad narrated it from al-Mufaddal through this chain of narrators, and all of them are reliable.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يُبَيِّتِ الصِّيَامَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ لَهُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ عَنِ الْمُفَضَّلِ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَكُلُّهُمْ ثِقَاتٌ  

[Machine] One day, the messenger of Allah ﷺ asked Aisha, "Do you have anything?" She replied, "O messenger of Allah, we don't have anything." He said, "I am fasting, and I remembered the conversation."  

لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ يَا عَائِشَةُ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا عِنْدَنَا شَيْءٌ قَالَ فَإِنِّي صَائِمٌ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to come to us and ask, "Do you have any food for me?" I would say, "No." He would then say, "I am fasting."  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْتِينَا فَيَقُولُ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ غَدَاءٍ فَأَقُولُ لَا قَالَ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ  

[Machine] On one day, the Prophet ﷺ entered upon me and said, "Do you have anything?" We replied, "No." He then said, "In that case, I am fasting with those words."  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَقَالَ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ؟ قُلْنَا لَا قَالَ فَإِنِّي إِذًا صَائِمٌ وَبِذَلِكَ اللَّفْظِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to me one day and said, "Do you have anything?" I said, "No." He said, "Then I will fast." And this is a authentic chain of narration.  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَقَالَ أَعِنْدَكِ شَيْءٌ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ إِذًا أَصُومُ وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ  

[Machine] Abu Talhah used to come to his family after the morning prayer and ask, "Do you have any food for lunch?" If they said no, he would fast that day and say, "I am fasting."  

أَنَّ أَبَا طَلْحَةَ كَانَ يَأْتِي أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الضُّحَى فَيَقُولُ هَلْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ غَدَاءٍ؟ فَإِنْ قَالُوا لَا صَامَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَقَالَ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ  

[Machine] I saw Abu Huraira walking around the market, then he would come to his family and say, "Do you have anything?" If they said no, he would say, "Then I am fasting."  

رَأَيْتُ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَطُوفُ بِالسُّوقِ ثُمَّ يَأْتِي أَهْلَهُ فَيَقُولُ أَعِنْدَكُمْ شَيْءٌ؟ فَإِنْ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَأَنَا صَائِمٌ  

أَنَّ أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ كَانَ يَجِيءُ بَعْدَمَا يُصْبِحُ فَيَقُولُ أَعِنْدَكُمْ غَدَاءٌ؟ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ قَالَ فَأَنَا إِذًا صَائِمٌ  

[Machine] Hudhaifah began fasting after the sun had set.  

أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ ؓ بَدَا لَهُ الصَّوْمُ بَعْدَمَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَصَامَ  

[Machine] He is not considered a fasting person until he intends to fast before the sunset. As for us, we say that the voluntary fast is whenever one intends to fast.  

أَنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ صَائِمًا حَتَّى يَنْوِيَ الصَّوْمَ قَبْلَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ وَأَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَقُولُ الْمُتَطَوِّعُ بِالصَّوْمِ مَتَى شَاءَ نَوَى الصِّيَامَ  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ that he mentioned Ramadan and said, "Do not fast until you see the crescent moon and do not break your fast until you see it. But if it is overcast for you, then estimate it." And in the narration of Al-Qa'nabiyy, it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned Ramadan and said, "But if it is overcast for you...  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ رَمَضَانَ وَقَالَ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, the month is twenty-nine days, so do not fast until you see it, and do not break your fast until you see it. If it is cloudy and unclear to you, then estimate it." Hammam narrated from Ayub who said, "Whenever Ibn Umar would finish the month of Sha'ban as twenty-nine days, he would look for the moon. If he saw it, he would fast, and if he did not see it, and there were no clouds or fog obstructing his view, then he would break his fast. And he would break his fast with the people and not follow this calculation." Ibn 'Awn also said, "I mentioned the actions of Ibn 'Umar to Muhammad bin Sirin, and it did not please him."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ فَلَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ زَادَ حَمَّادٌ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ نَافِعٌ كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا مَضَى مِنْ شَعْبَانَ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ نَظَرَ لَهُ فَإِنْ رُئِيَ فَذَاكَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرَ وَلَمْ يَحُلْ دُونَ مَنْظَرِهِ سَحَابٌ وَلَا قَتَرَةٌ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا وَإِنْ حَالَ دُونَ مَنْظَرِهِ سَحَابٌ أَوْ قَتَرَةٌ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا وَكَانَ يُفْطِرُ مَعَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَأْخُذُ بِهَذَا الْحِسَابِ قَالَ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ ذَكَرْتُ فِعْلَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ فَلَمْ يُعْجِبْهُ  

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'When you see the new moon, then fast, and when you see it, then break your fast. And if it is cloudy for you, then complete the number (of days of the month).' "  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ  

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'The month is twenty-nine days, so do not fast until you see it and do not break your fast until you see it. And if it is cloudy for you, then estimate it.'"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ  

The month may consist of twenty-nine nights. So do not fast till you have sighted it (the new moon) and do not break it till you have sighted it, except when the sky is cloudy for you, and if it is so, then calculate it. (Using translation from Muslim 1080h)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ لَيْلَةً لَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُغَمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, then he mentioned a narration from Ibn Umar about the Prophet ﷺ adding, "And indeed the best thing he can do is that we sight the moon of Sha'ban on such and such a day, and fasting will be on such and such a day, except if you see the moon before that." The sheikh said, "And by the one who indicates the authenticity of what Umar ibn Abdul Aziz mentioned, the rest of the narrations from the Prophet ﷺ in this matter include those from Ibn Umar."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ زَادَ وَإِنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا يَقْدِرُ لَهُ أَنَّا رَأَيْنَا هِلَالَ شَعْبَانَ لِكَذَا أَوْ كَذَا وَالصَّوْمُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ لِكَذَا وَكَذَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَرَوَا الْهِلَالَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا ذَكَرَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ سَائِرُ الرِّوَايَاتِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مِنْهَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The month is like this, like this, and like this," gesturing three times with his hands, then he closed his thumb on the third time. So, if it is cloudy for you, complete thirty (days).  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا ثَلَاثُ مَرَّاتٍ بِيَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَبَضَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ إِبْهَامَهُ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed, Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, has made the sighting of the moon as a means to determine the times (for fasting and breaking the fast). So, when you see it, fast, and when you see it again, break your fast. But if it is cloudy and you are unable to see it, then complete thirty days. This narration is from sources other than Ibn Umar, and it is established from Abu Hurairah from the Prophet ﷺ regarding this matter."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى جَعَلَ الْأَهِلَّةَ مَوَاقِيتَ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ أَتِمُّوهُ ثَلَاثِينَ وَمِنْهَا عَنْ غَيْرِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ الرِّوَايَاتُ الثَّابِتَاتُ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, or Abu Al-Qasim ﷺ said, "Fast upon sighting the crescent moon and break your fast upon sighting it. But if it is cloudy and you cannot see it, complete the month of Sha'ban as thirty days."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَوْ قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ ﷺ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا يَعْنِي عُدُّوا شَعْبَانَ ثَلَاثِينَ  

"the Messenger of Allah said: 'Fast when you see it and stop fasting when you see it, and if it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then count it as thirty (days). "' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2117)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمُ الشَّهْرُ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ  

“When you see the new crescent then fast, and when you see it then stop fasting. If it is cloudy then fast thirty days.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1655)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَصُومُوا ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ mentioned the crescent moon and said, "Fast for its sighting and break your fast for its sighting. If it is cloudy on you, then complete the month as thirty."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ الْهِلَالَ فَقَالَ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed, Allah has extended the time for sighting the moon. So if it is cloudy for you, then complete the prescribed number of days."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ مَدَّهُ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ  

“When you see the new crescent then fast, and when you see it then stop fasting. If it is cloudy then fast thirty days.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1655)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا  

Observe fast on sighting it (the new moon) and break (fast) on sighting it (the new moon), but if the sky is cloudy for you, then complete the number (of thirty). (Using translation from Muslim 1081b)   

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to count the days in Sha'ban in a manner he did not count any other month; then he fasted when he sighted the new moon of Ramadan; but if the weather was cloudy he counted thirty days and then fasted. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2325)   

سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ تَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَتَحَفَّظُ مِنْ هِلَالِ شَعْبَانَ مَا لَا يَتَحَفَّظُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْهِ عَدَّ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ صَامَ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Count the crescent of Sha'ban for the month of Ramadan of 7941, and Abu Bakr ibn Al-Harith Al-Faqih informed us that Ali ibn Umar Al-Hafiz narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Makhlad narrated to us, Muslim ibn Al-Hajjaj Abu Al-Husain narrated to us, and Yahya ibn Yahya mentioned it and added to it, 'Do not confuse it with Ramadan unless it coincides with fasting that one of you observes. Fast upon sighting it, and break your fast upon sighting it. But if it is ambiguous to you, then the count should not obscure you.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَحْصُوا هِلَالَ شَعْبَانَ لِرَمَضَانَ 7941 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ ثنا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى فَذَكَرَهُ وَزَادَ فِيهِ وَلَا تَخْلِطُوا بِرَمَضَانَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ ذَلِكَ صِيَامًا كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ وَصُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ تُغَمَّى عَلَيْكُمُ الْعِدَّةُ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said: "None of you should precede Ramadan with fasting a day or two except if it is a fast that a person regularly observes, then let him fast that fast."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا يَتَقَدَّمَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ رَمَضَانَ بِصَوْمِ يَوْمٍ وَلَا يَوْمَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ صَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ رَجُلٌ فَلْيَصُمْ ذَلِكَ الصَّوْمَ  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Do not begin fasting for Ramadan before a day or two ahead, except for a person who regularly fasts and wants to continue fasting.'"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تَقَدَّمُوا قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا كَانَ يَصُومُ صِيَامًا فَيَصُومُهُ  

[Machine] About the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , he said, "Do not start the month by a day or two unless it coincides with your fasting. If one of you sees the new moon, then fast accordingly, and if it is covered from you, complete thirty days of Sha'ban (the month before Ramadan) and then fast. This narration is reported from Umar ibn al-Khattab, Abdullah ibn Abbas, Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman, Talq ibn Ali, and others from the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ بِالْيَوْمِ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ ذَلِكَ صَوْمًا كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ ثُمَّ أَفْطِرُوا وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ وَحُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ وَطَلْقِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَغَيْرِهِمْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

"the Messenger of Allah said: 'Fast when you see it and stop fasting when you see it, and if it is obscured from you (too cloudy), then count it as thirty (days). "' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2117)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تَقَدَّمُوا هَذَا الشَّهْرَ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ