11. Fasting

١١۔ كِتَابُ الصِّيَامِ

11.15 [Machine] Who gave permission among the Companions to fast on the day of doubt?

١١۔١٥ بَابُ مَنْ رَخَّصَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ فِي صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الشَّكِّ

bayhaqi:7971Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ > Abū al-ʿAbbās > al-Aṣam > al-Ḥasan b. Mukram > Yazīd b. Hārūn > Shuʿbah > Abū Naṣr Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Ismāʿīl al-Ṭūsī Bihā > ʿAbdullāh b. Aḥmad b. Manṣūr al-Ṭūsī > Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Ṣāʾigh > Rawḥ b. ʿUbādah > Shuʿbah > Yazīd b. Khumayr > ʿAbdullāh b. Abū Mūsá a freed slave of Libanī Naṣr

[Machine] He broke his fast one day during Ramadan due to the wording of a hadith from Rawh. In another narration, it states that he broke his fast for more than a month when he was overcome by distress and did not say "Mawla" to the Banu Nasr.  

البيهقي:٧٩٧١أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ هُوَ الْأَصَمُّ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أنبأ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الطُّوسِيُّ بِهَا ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الطُّوسِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الصَّائِغُ ثنا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ ثنا شُعْبَةُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ يَزِيدَ بْنَ خُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى مَوْلًى لِبَنِي نَصْرٍ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ عَنِ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يَشُكُّ فِيهِ النَّاسُ فَقَالَتْ لَأَنْ أَصُومَ يَوْمًا مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ

أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ رَوْحٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ إِذَا غُمَّ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ مَوْلًى لِبَنِي نَصْرٍ  

bayhaqi:7972Abū ʿAbdullāh b. Finjawayh al-Daynawarī Bi-al-Ddāmighān > ʿUbaydullāh b. Muḥammad b. Shanbah > Muḥammad / al-Ḥaḍramī > ʿUthmān > Yaḥyá b. Ḍurays > Hishām b. ʿUrwah > Fāṭimah b. al-Mundhir > Asmāʾ > Kānat Taṣūm al-Yawm al--Adhī Yushak Fīh from Ramaḍānaqāl > ʿUthmān > Zayd b. Ḥubāb > Muʿāwiyah b. Ṣāliḥ > Abū Maryam > Abū Hurayrah Qālalaʾan Aṣūm

[Machine] She used to fast on the day that was doubtful in Ramadan. Ohthman narrated to us, Zaid bin Hubab narrated from Muawiyah bin Saleh, from Abu Maryam, from Abu Hurairah, he said, "To fast on the day that is doubtful in Sha'ban is more beloved to me than fasting one day in Ramadan." This was narrated by Abu Hurairah through this chain of narration, as well as the narration of Abu Salamah from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet ﷺ , in the prohibition of advancing the fast except if it coincides with a fast he used to observe, which is more authentic than that. As for what has been narrated from Ali, it is only mentioned when a person testifies to seeing the moon, and that is subject to the will of Allah, the Almighty. As for the view of Ibn Umar on this matter, we have mentioned it previously, and the narration of Yazid bin Harun indicates that the view of Aisha on this matter is similar to the view of Ibn Umar regarding fasting when the month is cloudy without being clear and following the established Sunnah, which is what most of the Companions and knowledgeable people have upheld. May Allah guide us, and success is by Allah's will.  

البيهقي:٧٩٧٢وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ فِنْجَوَيْهِ الدَّيْنَوَرِيُّ بِالدَّامِغَانِ ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شَنْبَةَ ثنا مُحَمَّدٌ يَعْنِي الْحَضْرَمِيَّ ثنا عُثْمَانُ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ ضُرَيْسٍ ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ ؓ

أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ

قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ حُبَابٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ

لَأَنْ أَصُومَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ كَذَا رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَرِوَايَةُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنِ التَّقَدُّمِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ صَوْمًا كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَصَحُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا قَالَهُ عِنْدَ شَهَادَةِ رَجُلٍ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى وَأَمَّا مَذْهَبُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِيمَا مَضَى وَرِوَايَةُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَذْهَبَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ فِي ذَلِكَ كَمَذْهَبِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي الصَّوْمِ إِذَا غُمَّ الشَّهْرُ دُونَ أَنْ يَكُونَ صَحْوًا وَمُتَابَعَةُ السُّنَّةِ الثَّابِتَةِ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ أَكْثَرُ الصَّحَابَةِ وَعَوَامِّ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَوْلَى بِنَا وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ