11. Fasting
١١۔ كِتَابُ الصِّيَامِ
[Machine] No, but I set off to find. And it was his day to work in his land, so his eyes were tired. Then his wife came, and when she saw him, she said, "What a disappointment for you." So he woke up and the day did not end until he was unconscious. She mentioned that to the Prophet, ﷺ , so this verse was revealed: "Permitted to you, on the night of the Fast, is approach to your wives. They are your garments and ye are their garments." [Al-Baqarah 187]. They were extremely happy with it. "Then complete your Fast till the night appears." [Al-Baqarah 187]. This is the wording of the hadith of Al-Husayn ibn Hambash.
لَا وَلَكِنِ أَنْطَلِقُ فَأَطْلُبُ وَكَانَ يَوْمَهُ يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِأَرْضِهِ فَغَلَبَتْهُ عَيْنَاهُ فَجَاءَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ قَالَتْ خَيْبَةٌ لَكَ فَأَصْبَحَ فَلَمْ يَنْتَصِفِ النَّهَارُ حَتَّى غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَهُنَّ} [البقرة 187] فَفَرِحُوا بِهَا فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا {وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ} [البقرة 187] لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ حَمْشَاذٍ
Ibn Abbas explained the following Qur'anic verse: "O ye who believe! fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you" During the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ, when the people offered night prayer, they were asked to abstain from food and drink and (intercourse with) women, they kept fast till the next night. A man betrayed himself and had intercourse with his wife after he had offered the night prayer, and he did not break his fast. So Allah, the Exalted, intended to make it (fasting) easy for those who survived, thus providing a concession and utility. Allah, the Glorified, said: "Allah knoweth what ye used to do secretly among yourselves." By this Allah benefited the people and provided concession and ease to them. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2313)
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ} [البقرة 183] وَكَانَ النَّاسُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّوْا الْعَتَمَةَ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِمُ الطَّعَامُ وَالشَّرَابُ وَالنِّسَاءُ وَصَامُوا إِلَى الْقَابِلَةِ فَاخْتَانَ رَجُلٌ نَفْسَهُ فَجَامَعَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَقَدْ صَلَّى الْعِشَاءَ وَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ فَأَرَادَ اللهُ ﷻ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ ذَلِكَ يُسْرًا لِمَنْ بَقِيَ وَرُخْصَةً وَمَنْفَعَةً فَقَالَ {عَلِمَ اللهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ} [البقرة 187] الْآيَةَ وَكَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا نَفَعَ اللهُ بِهِ النَّاسَ أَرْخَصَ لَهُمْ وَيَسَّرَ
[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, he commanded them to fast for three days. Then Ramadan was revealed and they were a people who were not accustomed to fasting, and fasting was difficult for them. So, whoever did not fast had to feed sixty poor people. Then this verse was revealed: "So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185] So, there was an exemption for the sick and the traveler, and they were commanded to fast. It is narrated that when a man used to break his fast, he would sleep before eating and he would not eat until morning. 'Umar wanted his wife and she said, "I have already slept." So he thought that she was menstruating and he approached her. Then a man from the Ansar came and he wanted some food, so they said, "Wait until we prepare something for you." And he slept. When they woke up, this verse was revealed: "It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187]
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ أُنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا لَمْ يَتَعَوَّدُوا الصِّيَامَ وَكَانَ الصِّيَامُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَدِيدًا فَكَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْ أَطْعَمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185] فَكَانَتِ الرُّخْصَةُ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ وَأُمِرُوا بِالصِّيَامِ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ وَأَرَادَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي قَدْ نِمْتُ فَظَنَّ أَنَّهَا تَعْتَلُّ فَأَتَاهَا فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَرَادَ طَعَامًا فَقَالُوا حَتَّى نُسَخِّنَ لَكَ شَيْئًا فَنَامَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِيهَا {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ} [البقرة 187]