[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade fasting on the day of Arafah at Arafat.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ بِعَرَفَاتٍ  

that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The best duʿāʾ is the duʿā of the Day of ʿArafah, and the best of what I and the Prophets before me said is: 'There is no god ˹worthy of worship˺ except Allah, the One and Only, with no partners.'"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَفْضَلُ الدُّعَاءِ دُعَاءُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ وَأَفْضَلُ مَا قُلْتُ أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ قَبْلِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: "What is the best action in the sight of Allah during the ten days of Dhul Hijjah?" They said, "O Messenger of Allah, not even Jihad in the cause of Allah?" He said, "Not even Jihad in the cause of Allah, except for a man who goes out with himself and his wealth in the cause of Allah and does not return with anything." This is the wording of the narration of Shu'bah, and in the narration of Abu Mu'awiyah it is stated: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days," meaning the ten days, and the remaining part is the same in meaning.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا الْعَمَلُ فِي أَيَّامٍ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ فِي عَشْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ قَالَ وَلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ خَرَجَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ثُمَّ لَا يَرْجِعُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ فِيهَا أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ يَعْنِي أَيَّامَ الْعَشْرِ وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ  

Hunaydah ibn Khalid narrated from his wife on the authority of one of the wives of the Prophet ﷺ who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast the first nine days of Dhul-Hijjah, Ashura' and three days of every month, that is, the first Monday (of the month) and Thursday. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2437)   

عَنْ بَعْضِ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ تِسْعَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَيَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ أَوَّلَ اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ وَالْخَمِيسَ تَعْنِي وَيَوْمًا آخَرَ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ  

[Machine] I have never seen the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasting during the ten (days of) Dhul-Hijjah.  

مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَائِمًا فِي الْعَشْرِ قَطُّ  

[Machine] No, rather begin with the right of God, then fulfill it, and afterwards do as you please.  

لَا بَلِ ابْدَأْ بِحَقِّ اللهِ فَاقْضِهِ ثُمَّ تَطَوَّعْ بَعْدُ مَا شِئْتَ  

[Machine] Ali said, "Do not fast in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah and do not observe fasting on Fridays, as I believe it to be unique. Also, do not perform the Tahajjud prayer while you are fasting." It has also been narrated from Al-Hasan that Ali disliked making up missed fasts during the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah. This is because he used to see the consecutive making up of fasts as two separate narrations. So, if what is obligatory upon a person to make up exceeds nine days, the consecutive making up is interrupted by the day of sacrifice and the days of Tashreeq.  

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ لَا تَقْضِ رَمَضَانَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَلَا تَصُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَظُنُّهُ مُنْفَرِدًا وَلَا تَحْتَجِمْ وَأَنْتَ صَائِمٌ وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ الْقَضَاءِ فِي الْعَشْرِ وَهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى قَضَاءَهُ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ مُتَتَابِعًا فَإِذَا زَادَ مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ عَلَى تِسْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ انْقَطَعَ تَتَابُعُهُ بِيَوْمِ النَّحْرِ وَأَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ  

What is the (significance) of this day that you observe fast on it? They said: It is the day of great (significance) when Allah delivered Moses and his people, and drowned the Pharaoh and his people, and Moses observed fast out of gratitude and we also observe it. Upon this the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We have more right, and we have a closer connection with Moses than you have; so Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed fast (on the day of 'Ashura), and gave orders that it should be observed. (Using translation from Muslim 1130c)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صِيَامًا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي تَصُومُونَهُ فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ أَنْجَى الله ﷻ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ وَغَرِقَ فِيهِ فِرْعَوْنُ وَقَوْمُهُ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ  

[Machine] "He said that he heard Ibn Abbas say, 'I never saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ eagerly seek to fast a day seeking its virtue over others except for this day, the day of Ashura and the month of Ramadan.'"  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ يَلْتَمِسُ فَضْلَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ إِلَّا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَشَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ  

[Machine] A Bedouin asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about his fasting, so the Prophet ﷺ became angry until it was evident on his face. Then 'Umar ibn al-Khattab stood up and said, "We are pleased with Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion, and you as our Prophet. I seek refuge in Allah from the anger of Allah and the anger of His Messenger." 'Umar continued repeating this until he calmed down. Then he said, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about a man who fasts the entire year?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "He neither fasts nor breaks his fast." 'Umar asked, "What about someone who fasts two days and breaks his fast for one day?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Whoever is capable of doing so may do it." 'Umar asked again, "And what about someone who breaks his fast for two days and fasts one day?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "I wish that I were given the ability to do that." 'Umar asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about fasting on Mondays?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "That is the day I was born and the day on which revelation was sent down to me." 'Umar asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about fasting for one day and breaking the fast on the next day?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "That is the fasting of my brother Dawud (David), ﷺ ." 'Umar asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about fasting on the day of 'Ashura'?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Indeed, I hope that Allah will forgive the sins of the previous year." 'Umar asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about fasting on the day of Arafah?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Indeed, I hope that Allah will forgive the sins of the previous and upcoming year."  

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ صَوْمِهِ فَغَضِبَ حَتَّى عُرِفَ ذَلِكَ فِي وَجْهِهِ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَقَالَ رَضِينَا بِاللهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِكَ نَبِيًّا أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْ غَضَبِ اللهِ وَغَضَبِ رَسُولِهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عُمَرُ ؓ يُرَدِّدُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى سَكَنَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ يَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا صَامَ وَلَا أَفْطَرَ أَوْ قَالَ مَا صَامَ وَمَا أَفْطَرَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ بِمَنْ يصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ وَمَنْ يَطِيقُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ بِمَنْ يفْطِرُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيَصُومُ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي طُوِّقْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمٌ وُلِدْتُ فِيهِ وَأُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ صَوْمُ أَخِي دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ قَالَ إِنِّي لَأَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللهِ ﷻ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِي صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ قَالَ إِنِّي لَأَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا  

[Machine] I saw someone ordering the fasting on the day of Ashura from Ali and Abu Musa.  

رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا كَانَ آمَرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ وَأَبِي مُوسَى ؓ  

When the Prophet ﷺ on the day of 'Ashurah and commanded us to fast on it, they (i.e. Companions) said: Messenger of Allah, this is a day which is considered great by Jews and Christians ? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When the next year comes, we shall fast on the 9th of Muharram. But the next year the Messenger of Allah ﷺ breathed his last. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2445)   

سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ حِينَ صَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ يَوْمٌ تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ صُمْنَا يَوْمَ التَّاسِعِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ فَلَمْ يَأْتِ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If I reach Qabil (a place) safely, I will fast the ninth day."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَئِنْ سَلِمْتُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ لَأَصُومَنَّ الْيَوْمَ التَّاسِعَ  

[Machine] When you see the new moon of Muharram, count and when you reach the ninth day, begin fasting. He said, I said, that is how Muhammad ﷺ used to fast. He said, yes.  

إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلَالَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَاعْدُدْ فَإِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ مِنْ تَاسِعِهِ فَأَصْبِحْ صَائِمًا قَالَ قُلْتُ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَصُومُ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] About Ibn Abbas, similarly stood.  

عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوْقُوفًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If I am spared, I will definitely order the observance of fasting on a day before or after the day of Ashura."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَئِنْ بُقِّيتُ لَآمُرَنَّ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمٍ قَبْلَهُ أَوْ يَوْمٍ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fast on the Day of Ashura and differ from the Jews in it. Fast a day before it or a day after it. This is the wording of Al-Muqri' (knowledgeable person), and in the narration of Ibn 'Abdan, fast a day before it and a day after it, and this is the meaning."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صُومُوا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَخَالِفُوا فِيهِ الْيَهُودَ صُومُوا قَبْلَهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُقْرِئِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبْدَانَ صُومُوا قَبْلَهُ يَوْمًا وَبَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا وَبِمَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ sent a man who had converted to Islam on the day of Ashura to his people, ordering them to fast on this day. The man said, "I do not think I will come to them until they have eaten." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever among them eats, let him fast the rest of the day."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ فَلْيَصُومُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ فَقَالَ مَا أَرَى آتِيَهُمْ حَتَّى يَطْعَمُوا قَالَ مَنْ طَعِمَ مِنْهُمْ فَلْيَصُمْ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ  

He who got up in the morning fasting (without eating anything) he should complete his fast, and he who had had his breakfast in the morning, he should complete the rest of the day (without food). The Companions said; We henceforth observed fast on it (on the day of 'Ashura) and, God willing, made our children observe that. We went to the mosque and made toys out of wool for them and when anyone felt hungry and wept for food we gave them these toys till it was the time to break the fast. (Using translation from Muslim 1136a)   

أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَبِيحَةَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَى قُرَى الْأَنْصَارِ الَّتِي حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيُتِمَّ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ قَالَتْ فَكُنَّا نَصُومُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَنُصَوِّمُ صِبْيَانَنَا الصِّغَارَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ اللُّعْبَةَ مِنَ الْعِهْنِ وَنَذْهَبُ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَإِذَا بَكَى أَحَدُهُمْ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ أَعْطَيْنَاهُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ عِنْدَ الْإِفْطَارِ  

[Machine] The day of Ashura used to be observed as a fast by the Quraysh in the pre-Islamic era, and the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also used to fast on this day during that time. When the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ arrived in Madinah, he continued to fast on this day and ordered others to also observe the fast. However, when the obligatory fast of Ramadan was established, it became the main priority, and the fast of Ashura was left as optional. So, whoever wishes to fast on this day may do so, and whoever wishes to leave it may do so.  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةُ وَتَرَكَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command the observance of fasting on the day of Ashura before the obligatory fast of Ramadan was prescribed. When the fast of the month of Ramadan became mandatory, whoever desired would observe the fast on the day of Ashura, and whoever desired would break their fast.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

[Machine] "Do you know what the day of Ashura is? It was a day that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast before the month of Ramadan was revealed. But when Ramadan was revealed, he abandoned it."  

أَوَتَدْرِي مَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ؟ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَوْمًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ تَرَكَ  

[Machine] "And that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast it, and the Muslims as well, before the obligation of Ramadan was revealed. But when Ramadan was made obligatory, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Indeed, Ashura is a day from the days of Allah, so whoever wishes, let him fast it, and whoever wishes, let him leave it.'"  

وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command us to fast on the day of Ashura and encouraged us to do so. He would remind us about it and remind us in his presence. But when Ramadan was prescribed, he did not command or forbid us from fasting on the day of Ashura, and he did not emphasize it in his presence. This is the wording of the hadith narrated by Ubaydullah.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَيَحُثُّنَا عَلَيْهِ وَيَتَعَاهَدُنَا عِنْدَهُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ لَمْ يَأْمُرْنَا وَلَمْ يَنْهَنَا وَلَمْ يَتَعَاهَدْنَا عِنْدَهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ  

[Machine] Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said, "The day of Ashura is a day that the Jews hold in high regard and consider it a festive day." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Therefore, fast on that day."  

قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَتَتَّخِذُهُ عِيدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, he found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them about it, and they said, "This is the day when Moses, ﷺ , was saved from Pharaoh." He responded, "You have more right to follow Moses than them, so fast on this day."  

لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي ظَهْرَ فِيهِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْهُمْ فَصُومُوهُ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "Indeed, this day is the day of Ashura, and Allah has not prescribed fasting for you. So whoever wishes to fast, let them fast, and whoever wishes to break their fast, let them break it." This is the wording of the Hadith narrated by Al-Qa'nabi, and Al-Shafi'i added in his narration, "And I am fasting, so whoever wishes, let them fast, and the rest is the same in meaning."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يَكْتُبِ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ وَزَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ وَمَنْ شَاءٌ فَلْيَصُمْ وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] Mu'awiyah said from the pulpit of the city, "Where are your scholars, O people of the city? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to forbid things like this, and he narrated a story from a group among you, from the Ku'bah of one of them, containing poetry, and he said, 'Verily, the Children of Israel were destroyed when their women began to adopt such actions. Where are your scholars, O people of the city? I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on this day, the Day of Ashura, saying, 'Indeed, I am fasting, so whoever among you wants to fast, let him fast.'"  

قَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ الْمَدِينَةِ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَنْهَى عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذِهِ وَأَخْرَجَ قُصَّةً مِنْ كُبَّةٍ مِنْ كُمِّهِ مِنْ شَعْرٍ وَيَقُولُ إِنَّمَا هَلَكَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ حَيْثُ اتَّخَذَتْ نِسَاؤُهُمْ مِثْلَ هَذَا أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ يَقُولُ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ شَاءَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "The day of Ashura is a day that the people of Jahiliyyah used to fast. So whoever among you wishes to fast, let him fast, and whoever dislikes it, let him leave it."  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَذُكِرَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ عِنْدَهُ كَانَ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا الطَّيَالِسِيُّ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ ثنا لَيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ نَافِعِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَرِهَهُ فَلْيَدَعْهُ  

It is a day on which the people of pre-Islamic days observed fast. So he who liked to fast on this day should do so, and he who liked to abandon it should abandon it. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with him) did not observe fast except when it coincided (with the days when he was in the habit of observing voluntary fasts during every month). (Using translation from Muslim 1126d)   

أَنَّهُ سَمَعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ فِي يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمٌ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ فَلْيَتْرُكْهُ وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ لَا يَصُومُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ صِيَامَهُ  

[Machine] The day of Ashura was a day that the Quraysh used to observe fasting during the time of ignorance. When Islam came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever wishes to fast, he may do so, and whoever wishes to leave it, he may do so."  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: The most excellent fast after Ramadan is Allah's month al-Muharram, and the most excellent prayer after the prescribed prayer is the prayer during night. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2429)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَفْضَلُ الصِّيَامِ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللهِ الْمُحَرَّمُ وَإِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَفْرُوضَةِ صَلَاةٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ لَمْ يَقُلْ قُتَيْبَةُ شَهْرُ قَالَ رَمَضَانُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The best fasting after Ramadan is the fasting in the month of Allah, which you call Muharram, and the best prayer after the obligatory prayer is the prayer in the middle of the night. And likewise..."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَفْضَلُ الصِّيَامِ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللهِ الَّذِي تَدْعُونَهُ الْمُحَرَّمَ وَأَفْضَلُ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَفْرُوضَةِ الصَّلَاةُ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked, "Which prayer is the best after the obligatory prayers, and which fasting is the best after the month of Ramadan?" He replied, "The best prayer after the obligatory prayers is the prayer in the middle of the night, and the best fasting after the month of Ramadan is the fasting in the month of Muharram."  

سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أِيُّ الصَّلَاةِ أَفْضَلُ بَعْدَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ وَأِيُّ الصِّيَامِ أَفْضَلُ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ؟ فَقَالَ أَفْضَلُ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ الصَّلَاةُ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ وَأَفْضَلُ الصِّيَامِ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ صَوْمُ الْمُحَرَّمِ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The best fasting after the month of Ramadan is the month of Allah, Al-Muharram, and the best prayer is prayer at night.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 1613)   

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصَّلَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَفْرُوضَةِ الصَّلَاةُ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ وَإِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصِّيَامِ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ شَهْرُ اللهِ الَّذِي تَدْعُونَهُ الْمُحَرَّمَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast so much that we would say he does not break his fast, and he would break his fast so much that we would say he does not fast.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يُفْطِرُ وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يَصُومُ  

The father or Uncle of Mujibah al-Bahiliyyah visited the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He then went away and came to him (again) after one year when his condition and appearance had changed. He said: Messenger of Allah, do you not recognize me? He asked: Who are you? He replied: I am al-Bahili who came to you last year. He said: What has changed you? You were looking well, then you were good in appearance? He said: I have only food at night since I departed from you. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Why did you torment yourself? Fast during Ramadan (the month of patience) and fast for one day every month. He said: Increase it for me, for I have (more) strength. He said: Fast two days. He again said: Increase it for me. He said: Fast three days. He again said: Increase it for me. He said: Fast during the inviolable months and then stop; fast during the inviolable months and then stop; fast during the inviolable months and then stop. He indicated by his three fingers, and joined them and then opened them. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2428)   

أَنَّهُ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ بَعْدَ سَنَةٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي مُوسَى فَأَتَاهُ بَعْدَ سَنَةٍ وَقَدْ تَغَيَّرَتْ حَالُهُ وَهَيْئَتُهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَمَا تَعْرِفُنِي؟ قَالَ وَمَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ أَنَا الْبَاهِلِيُّ الَّذِي جِئْتُكَ عَامَ أَوَّلَ قَالَ فَمَا غَيَّرَكَ وَقَدْ كُنْتَ حَسَنَ الْهَيْئَةِ قَالَ مَا أَكَلْتُ طَعَامًا مُنْذُ فَارَقْتُكَ إِلَّا بِلَيْلٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِمَ عَذَّبْتَ نَفْسَكَ صُمْ شَهْرَ الصَّبْرِ وَمِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ يَوْمًا قَالَ زِدْنِي فَإِنَّ بِي قُوَّةً قَالَ صُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ يَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ زِدْنِي فَإِنَّ بِي قُوَّةً قَالَ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ زَادَ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ قَالَ زِدْنِي فَإِنَّ بِي قُوَّةً قَالَ صُمْ مِنَ الْحُرُمِ وَاتْرُكْ يَقُولُهَا ثَلَاثًا وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُوسَى قَالَ زِدْنِي قَالَ صُمْ مِنَ الْحُرُمِ وَاتْرُكْ صُمْ مِنَ الْحُرُمِ وَاتْرُكْ صُمْ مِنَ الْحُرُمِ وَاتْرُكْ وَقَالَ بِأَصَابِعِهِ الثَّلَاثِ فَضَمَّهَا ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَهَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast until we said, "He will not break his fast," and he would break his fast until we said, "He will not fast." And I never saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ complete the fast of a month, except for Ramadan, and I never saw him fast in a month more than he did in Sha'ban.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يُفْطِرُ وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يَصُومُ وَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَكْمَلَ صِيَامَ شَهْرٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا رَمَضَانَ وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ فِي شَهْرٍ أَكْثَرَ صِيَامًا مِنْهُ فِي شَعْبَانَ  

“I asked ‘Aishah about the fasting of the Prophet ﷺ. She said: ‘He used to fast until we thought he would always fast. And he used to not fast until we thought he would always not fast. I never saw him fast more in any month than in Sha’ban. He used to fast all of Sha’ban; he used to fast all of Sha’ban except a little.’” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1710)   

عَنْ صِيَامِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ كَانَ يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ قَدْ صَامَ وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ قَدْ أَفْطَرَ وَلَمْ أَرَهُ صَائِمًا مِنْ شَهْرٍ قَطُّ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ كَانَ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ كُلَّهُ كَانَ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا  

"One of us (women) would miss some fasts in Ramadan and she would not be able to make it up until Shaban began, and the Messenger of Allah did not fast in any month as he fasted in Shaban; he used to fast all of it, except a little, he used to fast all of it." ' (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2178)   

إِنْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَانَا لَتُفْطِرُ فِي زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ شَعْبَانُ مَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ مِنْ شَهْرٍ مَا كَانَ يَصُومُ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ كُلَّهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا بَلْ كَانَ يَصُومُهُ كُلَّهُ  

The month most liked by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for fasting was Sha'ban. He then joined it with Ramadan. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2431)   

ؓ تَقُولُ كَانَ أَحَبُّ الشُّهُورِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ شَعْبَانَ ثُمَّ يَصِلُهُ بِرَمَضَانَ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Whoever fasts Ramadan and follows it with six days from the month of Shawwal, it is as if he fasted the entire year."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ أَتْبَعَهُ سِتًّا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ فَذَاكَ صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "Whoever fasts Ramadan and six days of Shawwal, it is as if he has fasted the entire year." And in another narration, the jurist said that Jabir reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said...  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ وَسِتًّا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا صَامَ السَّنَةَ كُلَّهَا وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْفَقِيهِ قَالَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] On the authority of Thawban, the servant of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fasting for one month with ten days added to it, followed by two months of fasting, completes the year. That is, fasting in Ramadan and six days after it."  

عَنْ ثَوْبَانَ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ صِيَامُ شَهْرٍ بِعَشَرَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَسِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَهُ بِشَهْرَيْنِ فَذَلِكَ تَمَامُ السَّنَةِ يَعْنِي رَمَضَانَ وَسِتَّةَ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَهُ  

[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet ﷺ , a man asked him, "O Messenger of Allah, should I fast on Mondays?" He replied, "I was born on this day and the Quran was revealed to me on this day."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ قَالَ فِيهِ وُلِدْتُ وَفِيهِ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيَّ الْقُرْآنُ  

[Machine] I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasting on Monday and Thursday, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, do you fast on Monday and Thursday?" He said, "Indeed, on these days, the actions are presented (to Allah), and thus I love that my actions be presented when I am in a state of fasting."  

إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَتَصُومُ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْأَعْمَالَ تُعْرَضُ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] About Al-Jurairy and Abu Shimr Al-Duba'i  

عَنِ الْجُرَيْرِيِّ وَأَبِي شِمْرٍ الضُّبَعِيِّ  

[Machine] That Abu Hurayrah was on a journey and when they reached their destination, they sent food to him while he was praying. He said to the Messenger ﷺ , "I am fasting." When the food was set and they were about to leave, he came and started eating. The people looked at their messenger, so he said, "Why do you look? He informed me that he is fasting." Abu Hurayrah said, "He spoke the truth. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'Fasting for the month of patience and fasting three days of every month are fasting for the entire year. So I have fasted three days of this month, and I am breaking my fast due to the concession of Allah and fasting due to the multiplication of Allah.'"  

أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ لَهُ فَلَمَّا نَزَلُوا أَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي لِيَطْعَمَ فَقَالَ لِلرَّسُولِ إِنِّي صَائِمٌ فَلَمَّا وُضِعَ الطَّعَامُ وَكَادُوا يَفْرُغُونَ فَجَاءَ فَجَعَلَ يَأْكُلُ فَنَظَرَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَى رَسُولِهِمْ فَقَالَ مَا تَنْظُرُونَ قَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ صَائِمٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ صَدَقَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ صَوْمُ شَهْرِ الصَّبْرِ وَصَوْمُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ فَقَدْ صُمْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ فَأَنَا مُفْطِرٌ فِي تَخْفِيفِ اللهِ وَصَائِمٌ فِي تَضْعِيفِ اللهِ  

[Machine] I came to the city and behold, there was a tall black man. I asked, "Who is this?" He said, "Abu Dharr." I said, "Let me see how he is today." He said, "Are you fasting?" I said, "Yes, and they are waiting for permission." So they entered and brought us a bowl. He ate, and I moved it to remind him with my hand. He said, "I did not forget what I told you. I informed you that I am fasting. I fast for three days every month. I am always fasting."  

أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ طَوِيلٌ أَسْوَدُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ فَقُلْتُ لَأَنْظُرَنَّ عَلَى أِيِّ حَالٍ هُوَ الْيَوْمَ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَصَائِمٌ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَهُمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَ الْإِذْنَ عَلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَدَخَلُوا فَأُتِينَا بِقِصَاعٍ فَأَكَلَ فَحَرَّكْتُهُ أُذَكِّرُهُ بِيَدِي فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَمْ أَنْسَ مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنِّي صَائِمٌ إِنِّي أَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَأَنَا أَبَدًا صَائِمٌ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast three days every month. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2450)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ غُرَّةِ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ