The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever wishes may fast on the day of 'Ashura'."  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ  

That he heard Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan on the day of 'Ashura' during the year he performed the Hajj, saying on the pulpit, "O the people of Medina! Where are your Religious Scholars? I heard Allah's Apostle saying, 'This is the day of 'Ashura'. Allah has not enjoined its fasting on you but I am fasting it. You have the choice either to fast or not to fast (on this day).' "  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامُهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ  

This hadith is narrated on the authority of Hisham with the same chain of transmitters, but he made no mention in the first part of the hadith that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to observe fast, and said about the second part that he abandoned the (fast) of Ashura, and he who wished observed the fast and who wished otherwise abandoned it, and he did not hold it as the words of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as mentioned in the narration transmitted by Jarir.  

وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ وَتَرَكَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَرِوَايَةِ جَرِيرٍ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "This day, the day of Ashura, is not obligatory for you to fast. But I am fasting, so whoever wishes may fast on this day," referring to the day of Ashura.  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ هَذَا اليَوْمُ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامُهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ فَلْيَصُمْهُ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ  

The Prophet ﷺ came to Medina and saw the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them about that. They replied, "This is a good day, the day on which Allah rescued Bani Israel from their enemy. So, Moses fasted this day." The Prophet ﷺ said, "We have more claim over Moses than you." So, the Prophet fasted on that day and ordered (the Muslims) to fast (on that day).  

قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فَرَأَى الْيَهُودَ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا قَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ صَالِحٌ هَذَا يَوْمٌ نَجَّى اللَّهُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى قَالَ فَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ  

The day of 'Ashura' was considered as ʿId day by the Jews. So the Prophet ﷺ ordered, "I recommend you (Muslims) to fast on this day."  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ تَعُدُّهُ الْيَهُودُ عِيدًا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَصُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ  

The Prophet ﷺ ordered a man from the tribe of Bani Aslam to announce amongst the people that whoever had eaten should fast the rest of the day, and whoever had not eaten should continue his fast, as that day was the day of 'Ashura' .  

أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَسْلَمَ أَنْ أَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ أَكَلَ فَلْيَصُمْ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَلْيَصُمْ فَإِنَّ الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ  

AbdurRahman reported on the authority of his uncle that the people of the tribe Aslam came to the Prophet ﷺ. He said (to them): Did you fast on this day? They replied: No. He said: Complete the rest of your day, and make atonement for it.  

أَنَّ أَسْلَمَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ صُمْتُمْ يَوْمَكُمْ هَذَا قَالُوا لاَ قَالَ فَأَتِمُّوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِكُمْ وَاقْضُوهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet (pbuh) sent a man on the day of Ashura who embraced Islam saying, "Indeed, today is the day of Ashura, so whoever has eaten or drank should complete the rest of his day, and whoever has not eaten or drank should observe fasting."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ «إِنَّ الْيَوْمَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ كَانَ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ فَلْيُتِمَّ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said to Aslam, "Fast today." They said, "But we have already eaten." He said, "Then fast the rest of your day, meaning the day of Ashura." Sa'id disagreed with him.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِأَسْلَمَ «صُومُوا الْيَوْمَ» قَالُوا إِنَّا كُنَّا قَدْ أَكَلْنَا قَالَ «صُومُوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِكُمْ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ» خَالَفَهُ سَعِيدٌ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ sent a man who had converted to Islam on the day of Ashura to his people, ordering them to fast on this day. The man said, "I do not think I will come to them until they have eaten." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever among them eats, let him fast the rest of the day."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ فَلْيَصُومُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ فَقَالَ مَا أَرَى آتِيَهُمْ حَتَّى يَطْعَمُوا قَالَ مَنْ طَعِمَ مِنْهُمْ فَلْيَصُمْ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ  

He who got up in the morning fasting (without eating anything) he should complete his fast, and he who had had his breakfast in the morning, he should complete the rest of the day (without food). The Companions said; We henceforth observed fast on it (on the day of 'Ashura) and, God willing, made our children observe that. We went to the mosque and made toys out of wool for them and when anyone felt hungry and wept for food we gave them these toys till it was the time to break the fast. (Using translation from Muslim 1136a)   

أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَبِيحَةَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَى قُرَى الْأَنْصَارِ الَّتِي حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيُتِمَّ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ قَالَتْ فَكُنَّا نَصُومُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَنُصَوِّمُ صِبْيَانَنَا الصِّغَارَ وَنَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ اللُّعْبَةَ مِنَ الْعِهْنِ وَنَذْهَبُ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَإِذَا بَكَى أَحَدُهُمْ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ أَعْطَيْنَاهُ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ عِنْدَ الْإِفْطَارِ  

The Prophet ﷺ ordered a man from the tribe of Bani Aslam to announce amongst the people that whoever had eaten should fast the rest of the day, and whoever had not eaten should continue his fast, as that day was the day of 'Ashura' . (Using translation from Bukhārī 2007)   

"أَذِّنْ في النَّاسِ: أَنَّ مَنْ كان أكَلَ فليَصُمْ بقيَّةَ يوْمِه، ومَنْ لم يكنْ أَكَلَ فليَصُمْ، فإِنَّ اليَوْمَ يومُ عاشُوراءَ".  

Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashura' in the Pre-Islamic period, and Messenger of Allah ﷺ too, used to fast on that day. When he came to Medina, he fasted on that day and ordered others to fast, too. Later when the fasting of the month of Ramadan was prescribed, he gave up fasting on the day of 'Ashura' and it became optional for one to fast on it or not.  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ تَرَكَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

Fasting was observed on the day of 'Ashura' (i.e. 10th of Muharram) by the people of the Pre-lslamic Period. But when (the order of compulsory fasting) in the month of Ramadan was revealed, the Prophet said, "It is up to one to fast on it (i.e. day of 'Ashura') or not."  

كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ  

During the Pre-lslamic Period of ignorance the Quraish used to observe fasting on the day of 'Ashura', and the Prophet ﷺ himself used to observe fasting on it too. But when he came to Medina, he fasted on that day and ordered the Muslims to fast on it. When (the order of compulsory fasting in ) Ramadan was revealed, fasting in Ramadan became an obligation, and fasting on 'Ashura' was given up, and who ever wished to fast (on it) did so, and whoever did not wish to fast on it, did not fast.  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ رَمَضَانُ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَتُرِكَ عَاشُورَاءُ فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ  

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported. In the pre-Islamic days fast was observed on the day of Ashura, but with the advent of Islam (its position was ascertained as that of a voluntary fast). Then he who wished to fast fasted, and he who liked to abandon it abandoned it.  

أَنَّ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ كَانَ يُصَامُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الإِسْلاَمُ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

He who wishes to observe this fast may do so, and he who wishes to abandon it may do so.  

كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

He who wishes to fast should do so, and he who wishes to break it may do so.  

أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْهُ  

'Ashura is one of the days of Allah, so he who wished should observe fast and he who wished otherwise should abandon it.  

أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "This is the day of Ashura, which the Quraysh used to fast during the time of ignorance. So whoever among you wishes to fast on this day, let them fast, and whoever wishes to abandon it, let them abandon it." Ibn Umar used to observe this fast except when it coincided with his own fast.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ فَلْيَتْرُكْهُ» وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لَا يَصُومُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَافِقَ صِيَامَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned the Day of Ashura and said, "The people of pre-Islamic ignorance used to observe fasting on this day, so whoever wishes may fast and whoever wishes may break his fast."  

ذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ «كَانَ صَوْمَ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ»  

أنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، وأَنَّ رَسُولَ الله ﷺ صَامَهُ، والْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرضَ رَمَضَانُ، فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّام الله فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered (the Muslims) to fast on the day of 'Ashura', and when fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed, it became optional for one to fast on that day ('Ashura') or not.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had ordered to observe fast (on 'Ashura) before the fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory. But when it became obligatory, then he who wished fasted on the day of Ashura, and he who wished did not observe it (on that day).  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had ordered to observe fast (on 'Ashura) before the fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory. But when it became obligatory, then he who wished fasted on the day of Ashura, and he who wished did not observe it (on that day). (Using translation from Muslim 1125d)  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command the observance of fasting on the day of Ashura before the obligatory fast of Ramadan was prescribed. When the fast of the month of Ramadan became mandatory, whoever desired would observe the fast on the day of Ashura, and whoever desired would break their fast.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

I never saw the Prophet ﷺ seeking to fast on a day that he favored more than another except this day, the day of 'Ashura', and this month, meaning the month of Ramadan.  

مَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ فَضَّلَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ إِلاَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهَذَا الشَّهْرَ يَعْنِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ  

The people used to fast on the day of 'Ashura' before fasting in Ramadan was prescribed but when (the order of compulsory fasting in) Ramadan was revealed, it was up to one to fast on it (i.e. 'Ashura') or not.  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يُصَامُ قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

That Al-Ash'ath entered upon him while he was eating. Al-Ash'ath said, "Today is 'Ashura." I said (to him), "Fasting had been observed (on such a day) before (the order of compulsory fasting in) Ramadan was revealed. But when (the order of fasting in) Ramadan was revealed, fasting (on 'Ashura') was given up, so come and eat."  

أَنْ يَنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ تُرِكَ فَادْنُ فَكُلْ  

The day of 'Ashura was one which the Jews respected and they treated it as Id. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: You also observe fast on this day.  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَتَتَّخِذُهُ عِيدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ  

The day of 'Ashura was one which the Jews respected and they treated it as Id. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: You also observe fast on this day. (Using translation from Muslim 1131a)  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ الْيَهُودُ تَتَّخِذُهُ عِيدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ  

[Machine] The Jews used to consider the day of Ashura as a holiday, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Oppose them, and fast on that day yourselves."  

كَانَتْ يَهُودُ تَتَّخِذُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ عِيدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «خَالِفُوهُمْ صُومُوا أَنْتُمْ»  

[Machine] Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said, "The day of Ashura is a day that the Jews hold in high regard and consider it a festive day." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Therefore, fast on that day."  

قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَتَتَّخِذُهُ عِيدًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَصُومُوهُ أَنْتُمْ  

"قدْ كان عَاشورَاءُ يَوْمٌ يَصُومُه الْيَهودُ وَيَتَّخِذُونهُ عِيدًا فصُومُوه أَنْتُمْ".  

Abdullah b. Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported that the day of 'Ashura was mentioned before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he narrated a hadith like one (narrated above).  

ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ سَوَاءً  

I asked Ibn Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) as he was reclining using his cloak as a pillow near Zamzam about fasting on 'Ashura. The rest of the hadith is the same.  

عَنْ صَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ بِمِثْلِ حَدِيثِ حَاجِبِ بْنِ عُمَرَ  

If I live till the next (year), I would definitely observe fast on the 9th, and the narration transmitted by Abu Bakr is:" He meant the day of Ashura."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَئِنْ بَقِيتُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ لأَصُومَنَّ التَّاسِعَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ  

Messenger of Allah, it is a day which the Jews and Christians hold in high esteem. Thereupon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When the next year comes, God willing, we would observe fast on the 9th But the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died before the advent of the next year.  

حِينَ صَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ يَوْمٌ تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ صُمْنَا الْيَوْمَ التَّاسِعَ قَالَ فَلَمْ يَأْتِ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ  

I went to Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be Pleased with both of them) and he was reclining using his mantle as a pillow near the fountain of Zamzam. I said to him: Tell me about fasting on Ashura. He said: When you see the new moon of Muharram then count the (days) and observe fast on the 9th. I said to him: Is it how the Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed the fast? He said: Yes.  

إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلاَلَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَاعْدُدْ وَأَصْبِحْ يَوْمَ التَّاسِعِ صَائِمًا قُلْتُ هَكَذَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] When you see the new moon of Muharram, count and when you reach the ninth day, begin fasting. He said, I said, that is how Muhammad ﷺ used to fast. He said, yes.  

إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلَالَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَاعْدُدْ فَإِذَا أَصْبَحْتَ مِنْ تَاسِعِهِ فَأَصْبِحْ صَائِمًا قَالَ قُلْتُ كَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَصُومُ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

When al-Ash'ath b. Qais entered the house of 'Abdullah he was having his breakfast. He ('Abdullah b. Umar) said: Abd Muhammad (al-Asha'th), come near to the breakfast. Thereupon he said: Is not today the day of 'Ashura? He ('Abd al-Rahman) said: Do you know what the day of 'Ashura is? He said: What is it? He said: It is a day on which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to observe fast before the (fasting) in the month of Ramadan (became) obligatory. But when it became obligatory the (fasting of 'Ashura) was abandoned (as compulsory). Abu Kuraib said: He (the Holy Prophet) abandoned it.  

يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ادْنُ إِلَى الْغَدَاءِ فَقَالَ أَوَلَيْسَ الْيَوْمُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ قَالَ وَهَلْ تَدْرِي مَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ قَالَ وَمَا هُوَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ يَوْمٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ تُرِكَ وَقَالَ أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ تَرَكَهُ  

"There are four things which the Prophet never gave up: Fasting 'Ashura', (fasting during) the ten days, (fasting) three days of each month, and praying two Rak'ahs before Al-Ghadah (Fajr)."  

أَرْبَعٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَدَعُهُنَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صِيَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَالْعَشْرَ وَثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْغَدَاةِ  

[Machine] Four fasts that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ never used to leave were the fasting of Ashura, the fasting of the tenth of Muharram, and three days of fasting every month.  

أَرْبَعٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَدَعُهُنَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صِيَامُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَالْعَشْرُ وَثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ  

When the Prophet ﷺ came to Medina, he found the Jews observing fast on the day of 'Ashurah; so they were asked about it (by the Prophet). They said: This is a day on which Allah gave Moses domination over Pharaoh. We fast on it out of reverence to him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We have a closer connection with Moses than you have. He then gave orders that it should be observed.  

لَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسُئِلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ  

[Machine] He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina and found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them, 'What is the significance of this day?' They replied, 'This is the day on which Musa (Moses) and his people were saved from Pharaoh.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'We have more right to Musa than you, so fast on this day.'"  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَالْيَهُودُ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي ظَهَرَ فِيهِ مُوسَى عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى فَصُومُوهُ»  

When the Prophet ﷺ came to Medina, he found the Jews observing fast on the day of 'Ashurah; so they were asked about it (by the Prophet). They said: This is a day on which Allah gave Moses domination over Pharaoh. We fast on it out of reverence to him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We have a closer connection with Moses than you have. He then gave orders that it should be observed. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2444)  

لَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسُئِلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي أَظْهَرَ اللهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ»  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, he found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them about it, and they said, "This is the day when Moses, ﷺ , was saved from Pharaoh." He responded, "You have more right to follow Moses than them, so fast on this day."  

لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي ظَهْرَ فِيهِ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْهُمْ فَصُومُوهُ  

'Ashurah was a day on which we used to fast in pre-Islamic days. When (fasting of) Ramadan was prescribed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is one of the days of Allah ; he who wishes may fast on it.  

كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يَوْمًا نَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

"إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ من أيَّام اللَّهِ تَعالى، فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ، ومن شَاءَ تركه".