The Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashurah in pre Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would fast on it in pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Medina, he fasted on it and commanded to fast on it. When the fast of Ramadan was prescribed, that became obligatory, and (fasting on) 'Ashurah was abandoned. He who wishes may fast on it and he who wishes may leave it.  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَتُرِكَ عَاشُورَاءُ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

The Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashurah in pre Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would fast on it in pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Medina, he fasted on it and commanded to fast on it. When the fast of Ramadan was prescribed, that became obligatory, and (fasting on) 'Ashurah was abandoned. He who wishes may fast on it and he who wishes may leave it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2442)   

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ فَرِيضَةُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ رَمَضَانُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَصُومُهُ وَتَرَكَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَهُ  

During the Pre-lslamic Period of ignorance the Quraish used to observe fasting on the day of 'Ashura', and the Prophet ﷺ himself used to observe fasting on it too. But when he came to Medina, he fasted on that day and ordered the Muslims to fast on it. When (the order of compulsory fasting in ) Ramadan was revealed, fasting in Ramadan became an obligation, and fasting on 'Ashura' was given up, and who ever wished to fast (on it) did so, and whoever did not wish to fast on it, did not fast. (Using translation from Bukhārī 4504)  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُوَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ رَمَضَانُ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَتَرَكَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَكَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ  

The Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashurah in pre Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would fast on it in pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Medina, he fasted on it and commanded to fast on it. When the fast of Ramadan was prescribed, that became obligatory, and (fasting on) 'Ashurah was abandoned. He who wishes may fast on it and he who wishes may leave it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2442)   

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ رَمَضَانُ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةَ وَتَرَكَ عَاشُورَاءَ  

The Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashurah in pre Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would fast on it in pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Medina, he fasted on it and commanded to fast on it. When the fast of Ramadan was prescribed, that became obligatory, and (fasting on) 'Ashurah was abandoned. He who wishes may fast on it and he who wishes may leave it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2442)   

«كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى إِذَا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ رَمَضَانُ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةُ وَتُرِكَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ»  

The Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashurah in pre Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would fast on it in pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Medina, he fasted on it and commanded to fast on it. When the fast of Ramadan was prescribed, that became obligatory, and (fasting on) 'Ashurah was abandoned. He who wishes may fast on it and he who wishes may leave it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2442)   

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ» فَنَزَلَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ فَكَانَ رَمَضَانُ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ يَعْنِي عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ  

The Quraish used to fast on the day of 'Ashurah in pre Islamic days. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would fast on it in pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Medina, he fasted on it and commanded to fast on it. When the fast of Ramadan was prescribed, that became obligatory, and (fasting on) 'Ashurah was abandoned. He who wishes may fast on it and he who wishes may leave it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2442)   

«كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَنَزَلَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ فَكَانَ رَمَضَانُ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةُ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ»  

[Machine] The day of Ashura used to be observed as a fast by the Quraysh in the pre-Islamic era, and the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ also used to fast on this day during that time. When the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ arrived in Madinah, he continued to fast on this day and ordered others to also observe the fast. However, when the obligatory fast of Ramadan was established, it became the main priority, and the fast of Ashura was left as optional. So, whoever wishes to fast on this day may do so, and whoever wishes to leave it may do so.  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا تَصُومُهُ قُرَيْشٌ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ صَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ هُوَ الْفَرِيضَةُ وَتَرَكَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

"The Messenger of Allah ordered fasting the tenth day for the Day of Ashura."  

أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمَ الْعَاشِرِ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast ‘Ashura’, and he ordered (others) to fast it too.”  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَيَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِهِ  

It was narrated from ʿAli ؓ that The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast on the day of ʿAshoora’ and enjoined others to do so.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَيَأْمُرُ بِهِ  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ used to fast on the day of Ashura and would encourage others to fast as well."  

«أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَيَأْمُرُُ بِصِيَامِهِ»  

"عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ".  

“Fasting the day of ‘Ashura’, I hope, will expiate for the sins of the previous year.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صِيَامُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ إِنِّي أَحْتَسِبُ عَلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ السَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهُ  

[Machine] He (Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan) heard on the day of Ashura during the year of his Hajj while he was on the pulpit, so he mentioned the narration.  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ عَامَ حَجَّ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] I heard Ibn Zubayr saying, "This is the day of Ashura, so fast it, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Fast it.'"  

سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُ هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصُومُوه فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ صُومُوهُ  

[Machine] I heard Abdullah ibn Zubair say, "This is the day of Ashura, so fast it, for indeed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded its fasting."  

سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يَقُولُ «هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصُومُوهُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ»  

[Machine] He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded us to fast on the day of Ashura and he said: It is a day that the Jews used to fast.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِيَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أَنْ نَصُومَهُ وَقَالَ هُوَ يَوْمٌ كَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ تَصُومُهُ  

[Machine] He said: The Prophet ﷺ commanded us to fast on the day of Ashura.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِيَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أَنْ نَصُومَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fasting on the Day of Arafah expiates the sins of the previous and upcoming year, and fasting on Ashura expiates the sins of the previous year."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ يُكَفِّرُ سَنَتَيْنِ مَاضِيَةً وَمُسْتَقْبَلَةً وَصَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يُكَفِّرُ سَنَةً مَاضِيَةً  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The fasting of Arafah expiates the sins of the previous year and the coming year, and the fasting of Ashura expiates the sins of one year."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «صَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ كَفَّارَةُ سَنَتَيْنِ سَنَةٍ مَاضِيَةٍ وَسَنَةٍ مُسْتَقْبِلَةٍ وَصَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ كَفَّارَةُ سَنَةٍ»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: The fasting of the Day of Arafah is an expiation for the sins of the previous year and the coming year, and the fasting of the Day of Ashura is an expiation for the sins of the previous year.  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ كَفَّارَةُ سَنَةٍ وَالَّتِي تَلِيهَا وَصَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ كَفَّارَةُ سَنَةٍ  

"صَوْمُ يَوْم عَرَفَة يُكَفِّرُ سَنَتَينِ: مَاضِيَةً وَمُسْتَقْبَلةً، وَصَوْم عَاشُوراءَ، يكفر سَنَةً ماضِيَةً".  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Fast on the day of Ashura and be different from the Jews. Fast a day before it or a day after it."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صُومُوا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَخَالِفُوا فِيهِ الْيَهُودَ صُومُوا قَبْلَهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fast on the Day of Ashura and differ from the Jews in it. Fast a day before it or a day after it. This is the wording of Al-Muqri' (knowledgeable person), and in the narration of Ibn 'Abdan, fast a day before it and a day after it, and this is the meaning."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صُومُوا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَخَالِفُوا فِيهِ الْيَهُودَ صُومُوا قَبْلَهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْمُقْرِئِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبْدَانَ صُومُوا قَبْلَهُ يَوْمًا وَبَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا وَبِمَعْنَاهُ  

"صُومُوا يَومَ عَاشورَاءَ، وخَالِفُوا فيه اليهودَ، وصُومُوا قَبْلَه يَومًا وبعدَه يومًا".  

[Machine] I heard Ibn Abbas say, "I never saw the Prophet ﷺ fasting a day seeking its reward over other days except for the day of Ashura. Sufyan also said on another occasion, 'Except for this day,' referring to the day of Ashura, 'and this month,' referring to the month of Ramadan."  

سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ مَا عَلِمْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَامَ يَوْمًا يَتَحَرَّى فَضْلَهُ عَلَى الْأَيَّامِ غَيْرَ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى إِلا هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَعْنِي عَاشُورَاءَ وَهَذَا الشَّهْرَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ  

'Ashura is one of the days of Allah, so he who wished should observe fast and he who wished otherwise should abandon it. (Using translation from Muslim 1126a)  

أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌمِنْ أَيَّامِ اللهِ تَعَالَى فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

[Machine] "And that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast it, and the Muslims as well, before the obligation of Ramadan was revealed. But when Ramadan was made obligatory, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Indeed, Ashura is a day from the days of Allah, so whoever wishes, let him fast it, and whoever wishes, let him leave it.'"  

وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ  

[Machine] "Jesus, the son of Mary, was born on the day of Ashura." Its reference is weak.  

«وُلِدَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ» سنده واه  

[Machine] "I approached Ibn Abbas while he was sitting beside his robe near Zamzam, and I sat beside him. What a wonderful companion he was! I asked him about Ashura. He sat upright and asked me, "Which aspect of it do you want to know?" I said, "I want to know about its fasting, which day do we fast?" He replied, "When you see the crescent moon of Muharram, then count and start fasting from the ninth day." I asked, "Did Muhammad ﷺ also fast in this manner?" He answered, "Yes.""  

انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَهُوَ مُتَوَسِّدٌ رِدَاءَهُ عِنْدَ زَمْزَمَ فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ وَنِعْمَ الْجَلِيسُ كَانَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ عَاشُورَاءَ؟ فَاسْتَوَى جَالِسًا ثُمَّ قَالَ «عَنْ أَيِّ بَابِهِ تَسْأَلُ؟ » قَالَ قُلْتُ عَنْ صِيَامِهِ أَيَّ يَوْمٍ نَصُومُهُ؟ قَالَ «إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلَالَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَاعْدُدْ ثُمَّ أَصْبِحْ مِنْ تَاسِعِهِ صَائِمًا» قُلْتُ أَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ يَصُومُ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ قَالَ «نَعَمْ»  

[Machine] I have never seen the Messenger of Allah, may ﷺ , prioritizing a day over another except for the day of Ashura.  

«مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَضَّلَ يَوْمًا عَلَى يَوْمٍ إِلَّا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ»  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Whoever provides for his family abundantly on the day of Ashura, will remain in abundance the rest of his year."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَنْ وَسَّعَ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ لَمْ يَزَلْ فِي سَعَةٍ سَائِرَ سَنَتِهِ»  

"مَنْ وَسَّعَ عَلَى عِيالِهِ فِي يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، وَسَّع اللهُ عَليهِ فِي سَنَتِه كُلِّهَا".  

"مَنْ وَسَّعَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَسَّعَ اللهُ عَلَيهِ سَائِرَ سنته".  

"مَنْ وَسَّع عَلَى عِيَالِهِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، لَمْ يَزَلْ فِي سَعَةٍ سَائِرَ سنته".  

[Machine] He informed him that he heard Muawiya while he was preaching to the people on the day of Ashura, saying: "O people of the city, where are your scholars? Indeed, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'This is the day of Ashura, and it is not obligatory for you to fast it, but indeed I am fasting.' And he said that, 'So whoever among you wishes to fast, let him fast, and whoever wishes to break his fast, let him break it.'"  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ لِلنَّاسِ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ؟ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامُهُ وَإِنِّي صَائِمٌ» وَهُوَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ «فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ»  

[Machine] He heard Muawiyah giving a sermon on the Prophet's pulpit, ﷺ . He said, "O people of Medina, I heard the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , saying, 'This is the day of Ashura, and its fasting is not obligatory upon you. However, I am fasting. Whoever wishes to fast may do so, and whoever wishes to break their fast may do so.'" Abu Abdullah al-Rahman said, "This is also a mistake, and Nu'man ibn Rashid is weak and often makes mistakes according to Al-Zuhri, and similar to him is Zam'ah ibn Salih."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ يَخْطُبُ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يُفْرَضْ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامُهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ» قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهَذَا أَيْضًا خَطَأٌ وَالنُّعْمَانُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ ضَعِيفٌ كَثِيرُ الْخَطَأِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَنَظِيرُهُ فِي الزُّهْرِيِّ زَمْعَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ  

[Machine] He informed him that he heard Mu'awiyah giving a sermon to the people of Medina saying, "O people of Medina, where are your scholars? I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'Indeed, this is the day of Ashura and Allah did not make it obligatory for you to fast. So whoever wishes to fast, let them fast, and whoever wishes to break their fast, let them break it.'" Abu Abdullah said, "And this is the correct opinion."  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَقُولُ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ؟ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «إِنَّ هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يَكْتُبِ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ» وَإِنِّي صَائِمٌ مُعَاوِيَةُ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهَذَا هُوَ الصَّوَابُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, we used to observe fasting on the day of Ashura during the time of ignorance. Then Allah obligated upon us the fasting of Ramadan and He abandoned for us the fasting of Ashura. So whoever wants can fast it, and whoever wants can break their fast."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ كُنَّا نَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَفَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيْنَا صِيَامَ رَمَضَانَ فَوَضَعَ عَنَّا صِيَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَهُ»  

[Machine] I entered upon Ibn Mas'ud on the day of Ashura while he was eating a date, and he said, "This is the day of Ashura, a day on which we were commanded to fast before the month of Ramadan was revealed."  

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَهُوَ يَأْكُلُ رُطَبًا فَقَالَ «هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ أُمِرْنَا بِصِيَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no day that has more virtue than the day of fasting except for the month of Ramadan and the day of Ashura."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «لَيْسَ لِيَوْمٍ فَضْلٌ عَلَى يَوْمٍ فِي الصِّيَامِ إِلَّا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَيَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ»  

"لَيسَ لِيَوْمٍ فَضْلٌ عَلَى يَوْمٍ في الصِّيَامِ إِلَّا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَيَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ".  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ used to strive to fast on the day of Ashura, as he did not give preference to any other day after Ramadan.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ «لَمْ يَكُنْ يَتَوَخَّى فَضْلَ يَوْمٍ عَلَى يَوْمٍ بَعْدَ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never fasted on a day seeking its virtue over another day, except for the day of Ashura.  

«مَا صَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا يَتَحَرَّى فَضْلَهُ عَلَى يَوْمٍ بَعْدَ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Rajab is a great month in which Allah multiplies the rewards. So whoever fasts for a day in Rajab, it is as if he has fasted for a whole year. And whoever fasts for seven days, the seven gates of Hell will be closed to him. And whoever fasts for eight days, the eight gates of Paradise will be opened for him. And whoever fasts for ten days, Allah will grant him whatever he asks for. And whoever fasts for fifteen days, a caller will announce in the heavens: 'May Allah forgive what has passed for you, so start anew.' And whoever does more, Allah will increase it. And in Rajab, Allah carried Noah in the ark, so he fasted in Rajab and commanded his companions to fast. The ark set sail with them for six months, until they landed on Mount Judi. And Noah and those with him expressed gratitude to Allah. And on the day of Ashura, Allah split the sea for the children of Israel. And on the day of Ashura, Allah accepted the repentance of Adam and the city of Yunus. And in Rajab, Ibrahim ﷺ was born."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «رَجَبٌ شَهْرٌ عَظِيمٌ يُضَاعِفُ اللهُ فِيهِ الْحَسَنَاتِ فَمَنْ صَامَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَجَبٍ فَكَأَنَّمَا صَامَ سَنَةً وَمَنْ صَامَ مِنْهُ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ غُلِّقَتْ عَنْهُ سَبْعَةُ أَبْوَابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَمَنْ صَامَ مِنْهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَيَّامٍ فُتِحَتْ لَهُ ثَمَانِيَةُ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ وَمَنْ صَامَ مِنْهُ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ لَمْ يَسْأَلِ اللهَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ وَمَنْ صَامَ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا نَادَى مُنَادٍ فِي السَّمَاءِ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَكَ مَا مَضَى فَاسْتَئْنِفِ الْعَمَلَ وَمَنْ زَادَ زَادَهُ اللهُ ﷻ وَفِي رَجَبٍ حَمَلَ اللهُ نُوحًا فِي السَّفِينَةِ فَصَامَ رَجَبًا وَأَمَرَ مَنْ مَعَهُ أَنْ يَصُومُوا فَجَرَتْ بِهِمُ السَّفِينَةُ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ آخِرُ ذَلِكَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ أُهْبِطَ عَلَى الْجُودِيِّ فَصَامَ نُوحٌ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ وَالْوَحْشُ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ ﷻ وَفِي يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ أفْلَقَ اللهُ الْبَحْرَ لِبَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَفِي يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ تَابَ اللهُ ﷻ عَلَى آدَمَ ﷺ وَعَلَى مَدِينَةِ يُونُسَ وَفِيهِ وُلِدَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﷺ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina and found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them, "What is this?" They replied, "This is the day on which Allah saved Musa (Moses) and drowned Pharaoh. So, Musa fasted out of gratitude to Allah, and we also fast on this day." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We have more right to Musa and are closer to him than you are." So, he fasted on that day and commanded others to do so. [231] 2849 Isma'il ibn Ya'qub al-Harrani as-Sabihi reported to us, saying: Ibn Musa, the son of A'yan, reported to us, saying: My father reported to us from al-Harith, meaning the son of 'Umayr, from Ayyub, from Abdullah ibn Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from his father, from Ibn Abbas of similar account.  

قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ مَا هَذَا؟ فَقَالُوا يَوْمٌ أَنْجَى اللهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَأَغْرَقَ فِيهِ فِرْعَوْنَ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِمُوسَى وَأَوْلَى بِصِيَامِهِ» فَصَامَهُ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ [231] 2849 أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَرَّانِيُّ الصَّبِيحِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مُوسَى وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي عَنِ الْحَارِثِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَحْوَهُ  

“That was a day when the people of the Ignorance used to fast. So whoever among you wants to fast may do so, and whoever does not want to may leave it.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1737)  

أَنَّهُ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «كَانَ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَرِهَهُ فَلْيَدَعْهُ»  

"كَانَ عَاشُوراءُ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ أهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، لمَنْ أحَبَّ مِنْكمْ أنْ يَصُوَمَهُ فلَيَصُمْه، وَمَنْ كَرِهَهُ فَلْيَدَعَهُ".  

[Machine] It was the day of Ashura for the people of Yathrib, where the women would adorn themselves with their special clothes. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Go against them and fast on this day."  

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ لِأَهْلِ يَثْرِبَ تَلْبَسُ فِيهِ النِّسَاءُ شَارَتَهُنَّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «خَالِفُوهُمْ فَصُومُوهُ»