[Machine] I did not see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ break his fast on a Friday. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz and Abu Uthman Saeed ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdan and Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Sab'i narrated to us, and they said: Abu Al-Abbas Al-Asamm narrated to us, and he said: Al-Abbas ibn Muhammad Al-Duri informed me that Ali ibn Al-Hasan ibn Shaqiq narrated to me, and he said: Abu Hamza Al-Sukkari narrated to me, and he said: Asim ibn Bahdala mentioned it to me in its meaning and said: "And say that he never used to miss fasting on a Friday."  

مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مُفْطِرًا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ 8441 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ السُّبْعِيُّ قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ ثنا أَبُو حَمْزَةَ السُّكَّرِيُّ ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ بَهْدَلَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَقَالَ وَقُلْ مَا كَانَ يَفُوتُهُ صَوْمُ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command us to fast the days of the white (nights): thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth of the month. He said: This is like keeping perpetual fast. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2449)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَصُومَ الْبِيضَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ وَأَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ وَقَالَ هِيَ كَهَيْئَةِ الدَّهْرِ  

[Machine] And he (Abdullah ibn Abbas) was among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command us to fast the three white days (13th, 14th, and 15th of every lunar month) and he would say, "These are the fasting of the whole year." Al-Abbas said: This is what has been narrated in a hadith by Shu'bah from Abdul-Malik ibn Minhal, he said: The scholar (Shu'bah) narrated to us from Yahya ibn Ma'een that he said: This is a mistake, it is actually Abd al-Malik ibn Qatadah ibn Milhan Al-Qaysi.  

وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا بِصِيَامِ أَيَّامِ الْبِيضِ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَيَقُولُ هُنَّ صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ هَكَذَا قَالَ رَوْحٌ فِي حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ هَذَا خَطَأٌ إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ مِلْحَانَ الْقَيْسِيُّ  

"The Messenger of Allah commanded us to fast the three days of Al-Bid, the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2422)   

أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامِ الْبِيضِ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ وَأَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Abu Dharr, if you fast three days every month, then fast on the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth." It was also narrated by others from Musa ibn Talhah from Ibn al-Hawtakiyyah from Abu Dharr, and it was said that it was narrated by Abu Musa from Abu Hurairah.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِذَا صُمْتَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَصُمْ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ وَأَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَوْتَكِيَّةِ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَقِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ  

The apostle of Allah ﷺ used to fast three days every month: Monday, Thursday and Monday in the next week. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2451)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسَ وَالِاثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الْجُمُعَةِ الْأُخْرَى  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command me to fast three days from the month: Monday, Thursday, and Thursday.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَصُومَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسَ وَالْخَمِيسَ  

I asked 'Aishah: Would the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fast three days every month ? She replied: Yes. I asked: Which days in the month he used to fast ? She replied: He did not care which days of the month he fasted. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2453)   

عَائِشَةَ ؓ أَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ؟ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ مِنْ أِيِّ أَيَّامِ الشَّهْرِ كَانَ يَصُومُ؟ قَالَتْ مَا كَانَ يُبَالِي مِنْ أِيِّ الشَّهْرِ كَانَ يَصُومُ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who said: "Whoever observes fasting on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, and gives in charity, whether a little or a lot, Allah will forgive his sins and he will emerge from his sins as on the day his mother gave birth to him." Abu Yahya bin Nahaik reported it from Muhammad bin Ali bin Abdullah bin Abbas, who reported it from his father, who reported it from Ibn Abbas that he used to prefer fasting on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, and he would inform that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command people to fast on these days and to give charity, whether a little or a lot, for indeed Allah has much bounty. Abdullah bin Waqid, who is not strong, narrated it and some of the memorizers considered him trustworthy while others considered him weak. Yahya al-Babulti narrated it from Ayub bin Nahaik, from Muhammad bin Qays, from Abu Hazim, from Ibn Umar, and al-Babulti is weak. It has been narrated regarding fasting on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday from other weak sources, weaker than this, from Anas.  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَالْخَمِيسِ وَالْجُمُعَةِ وَتَصَدَّقَ بِمَا قَلَّ أَوْ كَثُرَ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَهُ ذُنُوبَهُ وَخَرَجَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ كَيَوْمِ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ 8449 قَالَ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ نَهِيكٍ وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ يَصُومَ الْأَرْبِعَاءَ وَالْخَمِيسَ وَالْجُمُعَةَ وَيُخْبِرُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِصَوْمِهَنَّ وَأَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِمَا قَلَّ أَوْ كَثُرَ فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ الْفَضْلَ الْكَثِيرَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ وَثَّقَهُ بَعْضُ الْحُفَّاظِ وَضَعَّفَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ وَرَوَاهُ يَحْيَى الْبَابُلُتِّيُّ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَالْبَابُلُتِّيُّ ضَعِيفٌ وَرُوِيَ فِي صَوْمِ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ وَالْخَمِيسِ وَالْجُمُعَةِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ أَضْعَفُ مِنْ هَذَا عَنْ أَنَسٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The most beloved prayer to Allah the Exalted is the prayer of Dawud (David). He would sleep for half the night, then stand in prayer for one-third of it, and then sleep for the remainder. The most beloved fast to Allah the Exalted is the fast of Dawud. He would fast one day and break his fast the next day."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَحَبُّ الصَّلَاةِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَرْقُدُ شَطْرَ اللَّيْلِ ثُمَّ يَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ بَعْدَ شَطْرِهِ ثُمَّ يَرْقُدُ آخِرَهُ وَأَحَبُّ الصِّيَامِ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا  

Observe fast for a day and there would be reward for you for the rest (of the days). He said: I am capable of doing more than this. He then said: Observe fast for two days, and there would be reward for you for the rest (of the days). He said: I am capable of doing more than this. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Observe fast for three days and there would be reward for you for the rest of the days. He said: I am capable of doing more than this, whereupon he said: Observe fast for four days and there would be reward for you for the rest of the days. He said: I am capable of doing more than this. Thereupon he said: Then observe fast (which is the) best in the eye of Allah, the fast of David (peace be upon him) ; he used to observe fast one day and break on the other day. (Using translation from Muslim 1159n)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ صُمْ يَوْمًا وَلَكَ أَجْرُ مَا بَقِيَ قَالَ إِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ صُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ وَلَكَ أَجْرُ مَا بَقِيَ قَالَ إِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَلَكَ أَجْرُ مَا بَقِيَ قَالَ إِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ صُمْ أَرْبَعَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَلَكَ أَجْرُ مَا بَقِيَ قَالَ إِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ صُمْ أَفْضَلَ الصِّيَامِ عِنْدَ اللهِ صَوْمَ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whoever fasts a day for the sake of Allah, Allah will distance his face from the fire for seventy autumns."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَاعَدَ اللهُ بِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَجْهَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ سَبْعِينَ خَرِيفًا  

[Machine] Abdullah said, "We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when we were young men, and we had nothing. He said, 'O young men, whoever among you can afford to get married, let him do so; because it is more conducive to lowering the gaze and guarding one's chastity. And whoever is not able to marry, then he should fast, for it will serve as a restraint for him.'"  

قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ شَبَابًا لَيْسَ لَنَا شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الشَّبَابِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ مِنْكُمُ الْبَاءَةَ فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْ فَإِنَّهُ أَغَضُّ لِلْبَصَرِ وَأَحْصَنُ لِلْفَرْجِ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالصَّوْمِ فَإِنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَهُ وِجَاءٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Fasting in the cold winter is a beneficial booty."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الصَّوْمُ فِي الشِّتَاءِ الْغَنِيمَةُ الْبَارِدَةُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ  

[Machine] Fasting in this winter is suspended.  

الصَّوْمُ فِي الشِّتَاءِ هَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that winter is the spring of the believer. Its days are short, so he fasts, and its nights are long, so he prays.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الشِّتَاءُ رَبِيعُ الْمُؤْمِنِ قَصُرَ نَهَارُهُ فَصَامَ وَطَالَ لَيْلُهُ فَقَامَ  

[Machine] "O people, indeed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade fasting on these two days. As for one of them, it is the day of your Eid and the day of breaking your fast, and as for the other, it is a day in which you eat from your sacrifices."  

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ هَذَيْنِ الْيَوْمَيْنِ أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَيَوْمُ فِطْرِكُمْ مِنْ صِيَامِكُمْ وَعِيدُكُمْ وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُ فَيَوْمٌ تَأْكُلُونَ فِيهِ مِنْ نُسُكِكُمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited fasting on two days; the day of Eid al-Adha and the day of Eid al-Fitr.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمَيْنِ يَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى وَيَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ prohibited fasting on the days of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, wearing two garments made of silk, a man wearing one garment under another, praying during two specific times after sunrise and after the afternoon prayer.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمَيْنِ يَوْمِ الْفِطْرِ وَيَوْمِ الْأَضْحَى وَعَنْ لِبْسَتَيْنِ الصَّمَّاءِ وَأَنْ يَحْتَبِيَ الرَّجُلُ فِي الثَّوْبِ الْوَاحِدِ وَعَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي سَاعَتَيْنِ بَعْدَ الصُّبْحِ وَبَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The days of Tashreeq are days of eating and drinking."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ  

Eat. He said: I am fasting. 'Amr said: Eat, these are the days on which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command us to break fast, and forbid us to keep fast. The narrator Malik said: These are the day of al-tashriq (i.e. 11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhu al-Hijjah). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2418)   

عَمْرٌو كُلْ فَهَذِهِ الْأَيَّامُ الَّتِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُنَا بِإِفْطَارِهَا وَيَنْهَانَا عَنْ صِيَامِهَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَهُنَّ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: The day of Arafah, the day of sacrifice, the days of tashriq are (the days of) our festival, O people of Islam. These are the days of eating and drinking. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2419)   

سَمِعْتُ عُقْبَةَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ وَيَوْمُ النَّحْرِ وَأَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ عِيدُنَا أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَهِيَ أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ  

[Machine] She saw, while in Mina during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , a rider crying out, saying, "O people, these are days of eating and drinking, and women, and selling, and the remembrance of Allah the Exalted." She said, "So I asked, 'Who is this?' They said, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib.'"  

أَنَّهَا رَأَتْ وَهِيَ بِمِنًى فِي زَمَنِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ رَاكِبًا يَصِيحُ يَقُولُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهَا أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَنِسَاءٍ وَبِعَالٍ وَذِكْرِ اللهِ تَعَالَى قَالَتْ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ هَذَا قَالُوا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ  

None but the believer would be admitted into Paradise, and the days of Mina' are the days meant for eating and drinking. (Using translation from Muslim 1142a)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ يُنَادِي أَنَّهَا أَيَّامُ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ وَلَا يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنٌ  

[Machine] Bundar Muhammad ibn Bashshar.  

بُنْدَارٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بَشَّارٍ  

[Machine] "To perform the Hajj until the Day of Arafah, and if he misses any days in Mina, he should fast to make up for them." This is narrated by Al-Zuhri from Salim from Ibn Umar, a similar narration.  

أَنْ يُهِلَّ بِالْحَجِّ إِلَى يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فَإِنْ فَاتَهُ صَامَ أَيَّامَ مِنًى 8468 وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِثْلَهُ  

[Machine] "In the case of the one performing Tamattu' (a type of Hajj), if they do not find a sacrificial animal (for Hajj) and do not fast before Arafah, then they should fast the days of Mina (the days following Arafah). And this is narrated from Ibn Shihab from Salim from his father, similar to that."  

ؓ فِي الْمُتَمَتِّعِ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْيًا وَلَمْ يَصُمْ قَبْلَ عَرَفَةَ فَلْيَصُمْ أَيَّامَ مِنًى 8470 وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast until we would say he does not break his fast, and he would break his fast until we would say he does not fast. I never saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ complete a full month of fasting except for Ramadan, and I never saw him fasting more in any other month than he did in Sha'ban.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَصُومُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يُفْطِرُ وَيُفْطِرُ حَتَّى نَقُولَ لَا يَصُومُ وَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَكْمَلَ صِيَامَ شَهْرٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا رَمَضَانَ وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ فِي شَهْرٍ أَكْثَرَ صِيَامًا مِنْهُ فِي شَعْبَانَ  

[Machine] I asked Aisha, "Did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ have any particular preference for certain days?" She replied, "No, his actions were consistent and which one of you could endure what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ could endure?"  

قُلْتُ لِعَائِشَةَ هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَخُصُّ مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَتْ لَا كَانَ عَمَلُهُنَّ دِيمَةً وَأَيُّكُمْ يُطِيقُ مَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُطِيقُ؟  

The Prophet ﷺ said to me, "You fast daily all the year and pray every night all the night?" I replied in the affirmative. The Prophet ﷺ said, "If you keep on doing this, your eyes will become weak and your body will get tired. He who fasts all the year is as he who did not fast at all. The fasting of three days (a month) will be equal to the fasting of the whole year." I replied, "I have the power for more than this." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Then fast like the fasting of David who used to fast on alternate days and would never flee from the battle field, on meeting the enemy." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1979)   

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَكِّيَّ وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا وَكَانَ لَا يُتَّهَمُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ يَقُولُ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّكَ تَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ وَتَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ إِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ هَجَمَتْ لَهُ الْعَيْنُ وَنَفِهَتْ لَهُ النَّفْسُ لَا صَامَ مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَصُمْ صَوْمَ دَاوُدَ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا وَلَا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لَاقَى  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me, "Did I not inform you that you fast during the day and pray at night?" I replied, "Yes, Messenger of Allah, I do." He then said, "Do not do that, instead sleep, stand, fast, and break your fast. For your body has rights over you, your eyes have rights over you, your spouse has rights over you, and your guests have rights over you. It is sufficient for you to fast three days in every month, for every good deed is rewarded ten times its like. And that is fasting for the entire year." I insisted, but he repeated his statement. I then said, "O Messenger of Allah, I find myself capable." He said, "Then fast three days each week." I insisted again, and he repeated his statement. I questioned, "And what was the fasting of Prophet Dawud?" He replied, "Fasting half of the year." And Abu 'Amr al-'Adibi informed us, and Abu Bakr al-Isma'ili narrated to us, and al-Hasan ibn Sufyan informed me, on the authority of Hibban, from Ibn al-Mubarak, from al-Awza'i, who mentioned it in the same manner, except that he said, "Do not exceed that." And he added at the end, "Abdullah ibn 'Amr used to say after experiencing old age, 'I wish I had accepted the permission granted by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ '"  

قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّكَّ تَصُومُ النَّهَارَ وَتَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ؟ قَالَ بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ فَلَا تَفْعَلْ نَمْ وَقُمْ وَصُمْ وَأَفْطِرْ فَإِنَّ لِجَسَدِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لِعَيْنَيْكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لِزَوْجِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لِزَوْرِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ بِحَسْبِكَ أَنْ تَصُومَ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ حَسَنَةٍ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا وَإِذَا ذَاكَ صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ فَشَدَّدْتُ فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً قَالَ فَصُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ جُمُعَةٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قَالَ فَشَدَّدْتُ فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيَّ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً قَالَ فَصُمْ صِيَامَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَلَا تَزِدْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ وَمَا كَانَ صِيَامُ نَبِيِّ اللهِ دَاوُدَ؟ قَالَ نِصْفُ الدَّهْرِ 8475 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا حِبَّانُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ أنبأ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَلَا تَزِيدَنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ قَالَ وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو يَقُولُ بَعْدَ مَا أَدْرَكَهُ الْكِبَرُ يَا لَيْتَنِي قَبِلْتُ رُخْصَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] An Arab man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said to him, "O Prophet of Allah, how do you fast or how do you observe fasting?" The Prophet ﷺ remained silent and did not respond to him. When his anger subsided, Umar ibn Al-Khattab asked him and said, "O Prophet of Allah, how do you fast or how do you observe fasting? Have you seen anyone who fasts the entire year?" He replied, "No, he neither fasts nor breaks his fast." Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, what if someone fasts two days and breaks his fast for one day?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "If someone is able to do that, O Umar, I would have wished to do it." Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, what if someone fasts one day and breaks his fast for one day?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "That is the fasting of Prophet David (upon him be peace)." Umar then asked, "O Prophet of Allah, what if someone fasts on the day of Arafah?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "It makes up for the previous year and the year after it." Umar asked, "What if someone fasts three days from each month?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "That is the fasting of the entire year." Umar asked, "What if someone fasts on the day of Ashura?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "It makes up for the previous year." Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, what if someone fasts on Mondays?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "That is the day I was born and the day I received Prophethood."  

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ كَيْفَ صَوْمُكَ أَوْ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ عَنْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا فَلَمَّا أَنْ سَكَنَ عَنْهُ الْغَضَبُ سَأَلَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ كَيْفَ صَوْمُكَ أَوْ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ كُلَّهُ؟ قَالَ لَا صَامَ وَلَا أَفْطَرَ أَوْ قَالَ مَا صَامَ وَمَا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَيْنِ وَأَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَمَنْ يطِيقُ ذَلِكَ يَا عُمَرُ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمًا وَأَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا؟ قَالَ ذَاكَ صَوْمُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ؟ قَالَ يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ وَالسَّنَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ ثَلَاثًا مِنَ الشَّهْرِ؟ قَالَ ذَاكَ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ؟ قَالَ يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَةَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ مَنْ صَامَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ؟ قَالَ ذَاكَ يَوْمٌ وُلِدْتُ فِيهِ وَيَوْمٌ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ النُّبُوَّةُ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said: "Whoever fasts the whole year, Hellfire will be constricted upon him like this" - and he held his fingers close together - "and he will have attained the reward of Abi Dawood's ninety narrations."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ ضُيِّقَتْ عَلَيْهِ جَهَنَّمُ هَكَذَا وَعَقَدَ تِسْعِينَ لَفْظُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ  

[Machine] Whoever fasts his whole life, Hell shall be constricted upon him like this, and it will be decreed that he remains in it for ninety years, which will not be lifted from him even by a branch.  

مَنْ صَامَ الدَّهْرَ ضُيِّقَتْ عَلَيْهِ جَهَنَّمُ هَكَذَا وَعَقَدَ عَلَى تِسْعِينَ لَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ شُعْبَةُ  

"Indeed in Paradise there are chambers, whose outside can be seen from their inside, and their inside can be seen from their outside." A Bedouin stood and said : 'Who are they for, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "For those who speak well, feed others, fast regularly, and perform salat [for Allah] during the night while the people sleep." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 1984)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ غُرْفَةً يُرَى ظَاهِرُهَا مِنْ بَاطِنِهَا وَبَاطِنُهَا مِنْ ظَاهِرِهَا أَعَدَّهَا اللهُ لِمَنْ أَلَانَ الْكَلَامَ وَأَطْعَمَ الطَّعَامَ وَتَابَعَ الصِّيَامَ وَصَلَّى بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٌ  

[Machine] We sent the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a military expedition, and he mentioned a hadith. Then I said, "O Messenger of Allah, command me with something that Allah will benefit me with." He said, "Observe fasting, for there is nothing equal to it." Abu Umamah and his wife and servant used to always be found fasting. When smoke was seen emerging from their house during the day, it was said that they were hosting guests. Then I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, you have commanded me with something that I hope Allah has blessed me with. So command me with something else." He said, "Know that whenever you prostrate to Allah, He elevates you in rank, writes a good deed for you, and removes a bad deed from you." This was narrated by Mahdi ibn Maymun from Muhammad ibn Abi Ya'qub, and Shu'bah narrated it from Muhammad ibn Abi Ya'qub, who narrated it from Abu Nasr al-Hilali, who narrated it from Raja bin Haywah, who narrated it from Abu Umamah.  

بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مُرْنِي بِأَمْرٍ يَنْفَعُنِي اللهُ بِهِ قَالَ عَلَيْكَ بِالصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا مِثْلَ لَهُ قَالَ فَكَانَ أَبُو أُمَامَةَ لَا يُلْقَى إِلَّا صَائِمًا هُوَ وَامْرَأَتُهُ وَخَادِمُهُ فَإِذَا رُئِيَ فِي دَارِهِ دُخَانٌ بِالنَّهَارِ قِيلَ اعْتَرَاهُمْ ضَيْفٌ ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّكَ أَمَرْتَنِي بِأَمْرٍ أَرْجُو اللهَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ بَارَكَ اللهُ لِي فِيهِ فَمُرْنِي بِأَمْرٍ قَالَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّكَ لَا تَسْجُدُ لِلَّهِ سَجْدَةً إِلَّا رَفَعَكَ اللهُ بِهَا دَرَجَةً وَكَتَبَ لَكَ بِهَا حَسَنَةً وَحَطَّ عَنْكَ بِهَا سَيِّئَةً تَابَعَهُ مَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ أَبِي نَصْرٍ الْهِلَالِيِّ عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ  

[Machine] Nafi' and Abdallah bin Umar talked at the end of his time.  

نَافِعٌ وَسَرَدَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فِي آخِرِ زَمَانِهِ  

[Machine] He fasted that day and broke his fast.  

صَامَ ذَلِكَ الدَّهْرَ وَأَفْطَرَهُ  

[Machine] She used to fast throughout her life, whether traveling or staying at home.  

ؓ كَانَتْ تَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ  

[Machine] "Bin Muhammad says: I saw Aisha during a journey while fasting. She stood up to ride after Asr prayer, but she was struck by poison to the point that she could not tolerate riding."  

بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ يَقُولُ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ عَائِشَةَ ؓ فِي سَفَرٍ صَائِمَةً فَقَامَتْ تَرْكَبُ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَضَرَبَتْهَا سَمُومٌ حَتَّى لَمْ تُطِقْ تَرْكَبُ  

In the life-time of the Prophet, Abu Talha did not fast because of the Jihad, but after the Prophet ﷺ died I never saw him without fasting except on ʿId-ul-Fitr and ʿId-ul-Aclha. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2828)   

كَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ لَا يَصُومُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْغَزْوِ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَمْ أَرَهُ مُفْطِرًا إِلَّا يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ أَوْ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ  

[Machine] I heard Anas bin Malik say, "Abu Talhah used to not fast during the time of the Prophet ﷺ. After the Prophet ﷺ passed away, I never saw him break his fast except on the day of Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha."  

سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ لَا يَصُومُ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَمْ أَرَهُ مُفْطِرًا إِلَّا يَوْمَ فِطْرٍ أَوْ أَضْحَى  

[Machine] I asked Jabir ibn Abdullah, "Did the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , prohibit fasting on Fridays?" He replied, "Yes, by the Lord of this house."  

قُلْتُ لِجَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ هَلْ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ؟ قَالَ أَيْ وَرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: None of you must fast on Friday unless he fasts the day before or the day after. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2420)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَصُومُ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَصُومَ قَبْلَهُ يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْدَهُ يَوْمًا  

[Machine] Regarding Al-A'mash,  

عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ  

Do not single out the night (preceding) Friday among the nights for prayer and do not single out Friday among days for fasting but only when anyone among you is accustomed to fast (on dates) which coincide with this day (Friday). (Using translation from Muslim 1144b)   

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تَخْتَصُّوا لَيْلَةَ الْجُمُعَةِ بِقِيَامٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ اللَّيَالِي وَلَا تَخْتَصُّوا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ بِصِيَامٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ الْأَيَّامِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي صَوْمٍ يَصُومُهُ أَحَدُكُمْ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ entered upon her on a Friday while she was fasting, and he asked her, 'Did you fast yesterday?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'Will you fast tomorrow?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'Then break your fast (today) and by its chain of narrators, he (Yahya) said, narrating from Shu'bah through a similar chain of narrators."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا يَوْمَ جُمُعَةٍ وَهِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فَقَالَ صُمْتِ أَمْسِ؟ فَقُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَتَصُومِينَ غَدًا؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَفْطِرِي 8492 وَبِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ ثنا يُوسُفُ ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ ثنا يَحْيَى عَنْ شُعْبَةَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not fast on the day of Saturday. And if any of you cannot find anything to eat except the bark of a tree, then let him chew it." This is narrated in the hadith of Ad-Daqqaq, and in the narration of Ibn 'Abdan, it is mentioned, "None of you should fast on the day of Saturday except for what is obligatory upon him. And if he cannot find anything to eat except for the bark of a tree, then let him chew it." This is also narrated by Al-Walid ibn Muslim and others from Thawr.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَصُومُوا يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَّا عُودًا فَلْيَمْضُغْهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الدَّقَّاقِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَبْدَانَ لَا يَصُومَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ إِلَّا فِيمَا افْتُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ إِلَّا لِحَاءَ شَجَرَةٍ فَلْيَمْضُغْهُ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ ثَوْرٍ  

[Machine] She used to say that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade fasting on Saturdays, and he would say: "If any of you cannot find anything but green wood, then let him break his fast with it."  

أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ تَقُولُ نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ وَيَقُولُ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَّا عُودًا أَخْضَرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] He intended by prohibition to specify it with fasting as a way of honoring it, and Allah knows best.  

أَرَادَ بِالنَّهْيِ تَخْصِيصَهُ بِالصَّوْمِ عَلَى طَرِيقِ التَّعْظِيمِ لَهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ