[Machine] He informed me that the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to travel and the fasting person would not criticize the one who breaks the fast, and the one who breaks the fast would not criticize the fasting person. So, I met Ibn Abi Mulaikah and he informed me about Aisha with a similar narration.  

أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَانُوا يُسَافِرُونَ فَلَا يَعِيبُ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ فَلَقِيتُ ابْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ فَأَخْبَرَنِي عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مِثْلَهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ mentioned that they were on a journey where the person who was fasting would continue to fast, and the person who was breaking their fast would continue to do so, without any criticism or judgement towards each other.  

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مَعَهُ فِي سَفَرٍ يَصُومُ الصَّائِمُ وَيُفْطِرُ الْمُفْطِرُ لَا يَعِيبُ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasted during Ramadan while he was traveling, and he also encountered Ramadan while traveling and broke his fast.  

وَافَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَمَضَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَصَامَهُ وَوَافَقَهُ رَمَضَانُ فِي سَفَرٍ فَأَفْطَرَهُ  

[Machine] Whoever fasts Ramadan while traveling, should make up for it. I asked Abu Qirsaafa, a companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said, "If I were to fast and continue fasting until ten days had passed, I would not make up for it." And it was narrated from Abdurrahman ibn Awf that he said, "The fasting person while traveling is like someone who breaks his fast while in a settled place." This narration is supported, but the chain of transmission is weak.  

مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَلْيَقْضِهِ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا قِرْصَافَةَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ صُمْتُ ثُمَّ صُمْتُ حَتَّى عَدَّ عَشْرًا لَمْ أَقْضِهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ الصَّائِمُ فِي السَّفَرِ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَهُوَ مَوْقُوفٌ وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ انْقِطَاعٌ وَرُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ  

[Machine] Abu Darda said, "I have seen us with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during some of his journeys on a very hot day. The heat was so intense that a person would place his hand on his head due to the severity of the heat. And none of us were fasting except the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abdullah ibn Rawaha."  

قَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ أَسْفَارِهِ فِي يَوْمٍ حَارٍّ شَدِيدِ الْحَرِّ حَتَّى أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَضَعُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ وَمَا مِنَّا أَحَدٌ صَائِمٌ إِلَّا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ  

We went out on an expedition with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during Ramadan. Some of us observed the fast and some of us broke it. Neither the observer of the fast had any grudge against one who broke it, nor the breaker of the fast had any grudge against one who had fasted They knew that he who had strength enough (to bear its rigour) fasted and that was good, and they also found that he who felt weakness (and could not bear the burden) broke it, and that was also good. (Using translation from Muslim 1116d)   

كُنَّا نَغْزُو مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَمِنَّا الصَّائِمُ وَمِنَّا الْمُفْطِرُ فَلَا يَجِدُ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ ثُمَّ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ مَنْ وَجَدَ قُوَّةً فَصَامَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ حَسَنٌ وَيَرَوْنَ أَنَّ مَنْ وَجَدَ ضَعْفًا فَأَفْطَرَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ حَسَنٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever is traveling on a journey and finds Shiba', they should fast wherever they are when Ramadan comes upon them." Al-Bukhari said: "Abdus Samad bin Habib, the narrator of this hadith, is not reliable, and Al-Bukhari does not consider this hadith to be significant."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ عَلَى حَمُولَةٍ يَأْوِي إِلَى شِبَعٍ فَلْيَصُمْ حَيْثُ أَدْرَكَهُ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ ذَاهِبٌ وَلَمْ يَعُدَّ الْبُخَارِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ شَيْئًا  

[Machine] If I break my fast, the permission of Allah is required. And if I fast, it is better. This was narrated by Hassan ibn Salih with a reliable chain of narration. Nothing else is mentioned.  

إِنْ أَفْطَرْتُ فَرُخْصَةُ اللهِ وَإِنْ صُمْتُ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مَرْفُوعًا وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ  

عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مَعْنَاهُ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَرَى الْفِطْرَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْهِ  

[Machine] He said, "I prefer to break my fast during Ramadan while travelling than to fast"  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَأَنْ أُفْطِرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَصُومَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out during the month of Ramadan and fasted until he reached Kadid, then he broke his fast. And only the last part of his action is considered.  

خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ أَفْطَرَ وَإِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ بِالْآخَرِ مِنْ فِعْلِهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to Makkah during the year of the conquest in Ramadan, and he fasted until he reached the "Kura Al-Ghameem", which means that we also fasted with him. It was said that the people were struggling with fasting and were waiting to see what he would do. So, he called for a cup of water after Asr prayer and drank from it while the people were watching. The people then broke their fast and some continued fasting. It reached him that some people had fasted, so he said, "Those are the disobedient, those are the disobedient. Twice."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ كُرَاعَ الْغَمِيمِ يَعْنِي وَصُمْنَا مَعَهُ فَقِيلَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ شَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصِّيَامُ وَإِنَّمَا يَنْتَظِرُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُ فَدَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَالنَّاسُ يَنْظُرُونَ فَأَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ وَصَامَ بَعْضٌ فَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ نَاسًا صَامُوا فَقَالَ أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ مَرَّتَيْنِ  

"Some food was brought to the Messenger of Allah at Marr Az-Zahran, and he said to Abu Bakr and 'Umar: 'Come and eat.' They said: 'We are fasting.' He said: 'Saddle the camels for your companions, and help your companions."'(Daif) (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2264)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَتَى بِطَعَامٍ وَهُوَ بِمَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ فَقَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ كُلَا فَقَالَا إِنَّا صَائِمَانِ فَقَالَ ارْحَلُوا لِصَاحِبَيْكُمْ اعْمَلُوا لِصَاحِبَيْكُمْ ادْنُوَا فَكُلَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ  

[Machine] 'Ubaidah said, "If a person travels while having fasted part of Ramadan, then they should continue fasting for the remaining days." He recited this verse, "So whoever sights the month, let him fast it." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185) Abu Al-Bakhtari said, "Ibn Abbas said, and he was the most knowledgeable among us, whoever wishes can fast, and whoever wishes can break their fast."  

قَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ وَقَدْ صَامَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ شَيْئًا فَلْيَصُمْ مَا بَقِيَ قَالَ وَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185] قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيُّ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَكَانَ أَفْقَهَ مِنَّا مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

Ja'far ibn Jubayr said: I accompanied AbuBusrah al-Ghifari, a Companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, in a boat proceeding from al-Fustat (Cairo) during Ramadan. He was lifted (to the boat), then his meal was brought to him. The narrator Ja'far said in his version: He did not go beyond the houses (of the city) but he called for the dining sheet. He said (to me): Come near. I said: Do you not see the houses? AbuBusrah said: Do you detest the sunnah (practice) of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? The narrator Ja'far said in his version: He then ate (it). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2412)   

كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي بَصْرَةَ الْغِفَارِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَفِينَةٍ مِنَ الْفُسْطَاطِ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَدَفَعَ ثُمَّ قَرَّبَ غَدَاءَهُ قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ فَلَمْ يُجَاوِزِ الْبُيُوتَ حَتَّى دَعَا بِالسُّفْرَةِ قَالَ اقْتَرِبْ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَلَسْتَ تَرَى الْبُيُوتَ؟ قَالَ أَبُو بَصْرَةَ أَتَرْغَبُ عَنْ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ فَأَكَلَ  

[Machine] Abu Musa said to me, "Did it not inform you or were you not told that you should leave fasting and enter fasting?" I said, "Yes." He said, "So when you leave, leave while breaking your fast, and when you enter, enter while breaking your fast."  

قَالَ لِي أَبُو مُوسَى أَلَمْ أَنْبَأَ أَوْ أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّكَ تَخْرُجُ صَائِمًا وَتَدْخُلُ صَائِمًا قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَإِذَا خَرَجْتَ فَاخْرُجْ مُفْطِرًا وَإِذَا دَخَلْتَ فَادْخُلْ مُفْطِرًا  

I asked AbulAshhab: Did AbdurRahman ibn Tarafah meet his grandfather Arfajah? He replied: Yes. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4233)   

نَعَمْ  

[Machine] That he used to travel while he was fasting, and he would break his fast during his journey.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُسَافَرُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَيُفْطِرُ مِنْ يوْمِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned the sighting of the new moon and said, "When you see it, start fasting, and when you see it again, break your fast. But if it is cloudy and you are unable to see it, then complete the month as thirty days."  

ذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْهِلَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ أُغْمِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَاثِينَ  

Observe fast on sighting it (the new moon) and break (fast) on sighting it (the new moon), but if the sky is cloudy for you, then complete the number (of thirty). (Using translation from Muslim 1081b)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَصُومُوا ثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] He heard Ibn Abbas say that the Prophet of Allah ﷺ commanded us to fast upon sighting the crescent moon and to break our fast upon sighting it. But if it is cloudy and we are unable to see it, then we complete the thirty days.  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَصُومَ لِرُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ وَنُفْطِرَ لِرُؤْيَتِهِ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ نُكْمِلَ ثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a covenant with us that we should sacrifice for the sighting of the moon. If we do not see it and two just witnesses testify, we will rely on their testimony. So, I asked Husayn ibn al-Harith, "Who is the leader of Mecca?" He said, "I do not know." Then he met me again and said, "It is al-Harith ibn Hattab, the brother of Muhammad ibn Hattab." Then he said, "The leader among you, who knows Allah and His Messenger better than me, testified to this from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He pointed with his hand to a man and Husayn said, "I asked a sheikh beside me, 'Who is the one to whom the leader is pointing?' He said, 'This is Abdullah ibn Umar. He is more knowledgeable of Allah than him.' The sheikh said, 'This is what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded us.'" Abu Bakr ibn al-Harithi al-Faqih reported to us that Ali ibn Umar al-Hafith said, "The Naysaburi asked Ibrahim al-Harbi about this hadith and he said, 'Sa'id ibn Sulayman narrated it to us.' Then Ibrahim said, 'This is al-Harith ibn Hattab ibn al-Harith ibn Ma'mar ibn Habib ibn Wahb ibn Hudhafa, who was among the emigrants from Ethiopia.' Ali ibn Umar said, 'This is a connected and authentic chain of narration.'"  

عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ نَنْسُكَ لِلرُّؤْيَةِ فَإِنْ لَمْ نَرَهُ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدَا عَدْلٍ نَسَكْنَا بِشَهَادَتِهِمَا فَسَأَلْتُ حُسَيْنَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ مَنْ أَمِيرُ مَكَّةَ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي ثُمَّ لَقِيَنِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ هُوَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ أَخُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ الْأَمِيرُ إِنَّ فِيكُمْ مَنْ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ مِنِّي وَشَهِدَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَوْمَأَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى رَجُلٍ قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ فَقُلْتُ لِشَيْخٍ إِلَى جَنْبِي مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي أَوْمَئَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَمِيرُ؟ قَالَ هَذَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرَ وَصَدَقَ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ بِاللهِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ بِذَلِكَ أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ 8186 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ سَأَلْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَرْبِيَّ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ هُوَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ بْنِ جُمَحٍ كَانَ مِنْ مُهَاجِرَةِ الْحَبَشَةِ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ مُتَّصِلٌ صَحِيحٌ  

[Machine] Some of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ said, "People started fasting for thirty days."  

عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ صِيَامًا لِثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] People had been fasting for a complete thirty days when two Bedouins arrived. They testified that they had seen the crescent moon the evening before, so the Prophet ﷺ ordered the people to break their fast, and so they did.  

أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ لِتَمَامِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْمًا فَقَدِمَ أَعْرَابِيَّانِ فَشَهِدَا أَنَّهُمَا أَهَلَّاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ عَشِيَّةً فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا وَكَذَلِكَ  

On the authority of a man from the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: People differed among themselves on the last day of Ramadan (about the appearance of the moon of Shawwal). Then two bedouins came and witnessed before the Prophet ﷺ swearing by Allah that they had sighted moon the previous evening. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded the people to break the fast. The narrator Khalaf has added in his version: "and that they should proceed to the place of prayer (for 'Id)". (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2339)   

عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَقَدِمَ أَعْرَابِيَّانِ فَشَهِدَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِاللهِ لَأَهَلَّا الْهِلَالُ بِالْأَمْسِ عَشِيَّةً فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا  

[Machine] The people observed fasting until the completion of thirty days, when two men came and testified that they had sighted the crescent moon the previous day. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then ordered the people to break their fast, and so they did.  

أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ صِيَامًا لِتَمَامِ ثَلَاثِينَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلَانِ فَشَهِدَا أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَا الْهِلَالَ بِالْأَمْسِ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ فَأَفْطَرُوا وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] We sighted the crescent of Ramadan while we were still fast encased. Some of us observed the fast, while others broke it. Then, 'Umar came to us with a booklet written by him. In the booklet, it says, "When you see the crescent during the day, do not break your fast until two trustworthy Muslim witnesses testify that they have sighted it yesterday." The shaykh means by this another crescent of Ramadan.  

أَهْلَلْنَا هِلَالَ رَمَضَانَ وَنَحْنُ بِخَانِقِينَ فَمِنَّا مَنْ صَامَ وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ قَالَ فَجَاءَنَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ ؓ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ نَهَارًا فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَانِ مُسْلِمَانِ أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ يُرِيدُ بِهِ هِلَالَ آخِرِ رَمَضَانَ  

[Machine] Umar wrote to us while we were in Khanqeen, saying that some months are greater than others. So, if you see the crescent moon at the beginning of the day, do not fast until two just witnesses testify that they saw it yesterday. This is a correct narration from Umar.  

كَتَبَ إِلَيْنَا عُمَرُ ؓ وَنَحْنُ بِخَانِقِينَ إِنَّ الْأَهِلَّةَ بَعْضُهَا أَعْظَمُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ أَوْلَ النَّهَارِ فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ هَذَا أَثَرٌ صَحِيحٌ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ  

[Machine] The age of Allah is greater. Only the man suffices for the Muslims, then Umar stood up, performed ablution, wiped over his socks, then he prayed the Maghrib prayer. Then he said, "This is how I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ do." Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Abbas informed us, Muhammad informed us, Yazid reported to us from Israel bin Yunus that he heard Abdul-A'la Al-Tha'labi saying, "I was with Umar, and a man came to him and said, 'I saw the crescent moon of Shawwal.' Umar said, 'O people, break your fast.' Then he mentioned the hadith about wiping over the socks."  

عُمَرُ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ إِنَّمَا يَكْفِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ الرَّجُلُ ثُمَّ قَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَتَوَضَّأَ وَمَسَحَ عَلَى خُفَّيْهِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى الْمَغْرِبَ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَكَذَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَنَعَ 8194 َأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ثنا مُحَمَّدٌ ثنا يَزِيدُ أنبأ إِسْرَائِيلُ بْنُ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى الثَّعْلَبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ ؓ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ رَأَيْتُ الْهِلَالَ هِلَالَ شَوَّالٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَفْطِرُوا ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْمَسْحِ عَلَى الْخُفَّيْنِ  

[Machine] That Umar has permitted the testimony of one man regarding the sighting of the crescent moon during the festivals of Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Adha. Abu Bakr ibn al-Harith informed us that Ali ibn Umar al-Hafith narrated that Abu Bakr al-Naysaburi said Muhammad ibn Ali al-Warraq asked Abu Nuaim if Ibn Abi Layla heard from Umar. He replied, "I do not know." Muhammad ibn Ali said, "I asked Yahya ibn Ma'in if Ibn Abi Layla heard from Umar, but he did not confirm it." Ali ibn Abdu al-A'la ibn Amir al-Tha'labi said other than him confirmed it. The hadith of Abu Wael is the most authentic in its chain of narration from Umar.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ فِي رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ فِي فِطْرٍ أَوْ أَضْحَى وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ أَنْبَأَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْوَرَّاقُ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي نُعَيْمٍ سَمِعَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى مِنْ عُمَرَ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قُلْتُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ سَمِعَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى مِنْ عُمَرَ؟ فَلَمْ يُثْبِتْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى هُوَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ غَيْرُهُ أَثْبَتُ مِنْهُ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي وَائِلٍ أَصَحُّ إِسْنَادًا عَنْ عُمَرَ مِنْهُ  

[Machine] From a general companion of the Prophet ﷺ , it is reported that the people of Madinah used to observe fasting on the last day of Ramadan during the time of the Prophet ﷺ . A group arrived at the end of the day and testified before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that they had seen the new crescent yesterday. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then ordered the people to break their fast and proceed to their prayer place, and so they did.  

عَنْ عُمُومَةٍ لَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ أَصْبَحَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ صِيَامًا فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَدِمَ رَكْبٌ مِنْ آخِرِ النَّهَارِ فَشَهِدُوا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوَا الْهِلَالَ بِالْأَمْسِ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا وَيَغْدُوا إِلَى مُصَلَّاهُمْ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] A group of Ansar witnessed before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ the sighting of the crescent moon, so he ordered them to go out for their celebration the next day. Sa'id bin 'Amir narrated this incident incorrectly.  

أَنَّ عُمُومَةً لَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ شَهِدُوا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ الْهِلَالِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا لِعِيدِهِمْ مِنَ الْغَدِ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ وَغَلِطَ فِيهِ إِنَّمَا  

[Machine] From his companions general, the Prophet ﷺ said that a group came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they testified that they had seen the crescent moon the previous day. So he commanded them to break their fast and to go out the next day. Shu'bah said, "I see it at the end of the day."  

عَنْ عُمُومَتِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ جَاءَ رَكْبٌ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فَشَهِدُوا أَنَّهُمْ رَأَوْهُ بِالْأَمْسِ يَعْنِي الْهِلَالَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا وَأَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْغَدِ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ أَرَاهُ مِنْ آخِرِ النَّهَارِ  

On the authority of a man from the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: People differed among themselves on the last day of Ramadan (about the appearance of the moon of Shawwal). Then two bedouins came and witnessed before the Prophet ﷺ swearing by Allah that they had sighted moon the previous evening. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded the people to break the fast. The narrator Khalaf has added in his version: "and that they should proceed to the place of prayer (for 'Id)". (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2339)   

عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ اخْتَلَفَ النَّاسُ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَقَدِمَ أَعْرَابِيَّانِ فَشَهِدَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِاللهِ لَأَهَلَّا الْهِلَالَ أَمْسِ عَشِيَّةً فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ أَنْ يُفْطِرُوا وَأَنْ يَغْدُوا إِلَى مُصَلَّاهُمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "We are an illiterate nation, we do not write or calculate the months like this, this, this, meaning thirty. Then he said this, this, this while bending his thumb, meaning twenty-nine. He said once thirty and once twenty-nine."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّا أُمَّةٌ أُمِّيَّةٌ لَا نَكْتُبُ وَلَا نَحْسُبُ الشَّهْرُ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا يَعْنِي ثَلَاثِينَ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَضَمَّ إِبْهَامَهُ يَعْنِي تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ يَقُولُ مَرَّةً ثَلَاثِينَ وَمَرَّةً تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ  

[Machine] It was said to her, "O Mother of the Believers, does the month of Ramadan last twenty-nine days?" She replied, "I did not fast with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for twenty-nine days more than I fasted for thirty days. And it has been narrated to us from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud something similar to this."  

قِيلَ لَهَا يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيَكُونُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ؟ فَقَالَتْ مَا صُمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا صُمْتُ ثَلَاثِينَ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِثْلَ هَذَا  

[Machine] I heard Abdullah ibn Mas'ood saying that I have not fasted with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ more than twenty-nine (days) which is more than I have fasted with him for thirty days.  

سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ يَقُولُ مَا صُمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا صُمْتُ مَعَهُ ثَلَاثِينَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There are two festive months that are not diminished, Ramadan and Dhul-Hijjah."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ رَمَضَانُ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ  

[Machine] We fasted for twenty-eight days in adherence to the covenant of Ali, and then he commanded us to observe one day of fasting.  

صُمْنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ ثَمَانِيَةً وَعِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا فَأَمَرَنَا بِقَضَاءِ يَوْمٍ  

[Machine] Did you see it? I said yes, and people saw it and fasted, or Muawiyah fasted. He said, "But we saw it on Saturday night, so we will continue fasting until we complete thirty days or see it." So I said, "Can't we be satisfied with seeing Muawiyah?" He said, "No, this is how the Messenger of Allah commanded us."  

أَنْتَ رَأَيْتُهُ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ وَرآهُ النَّاسُ وَصَامُوا أَوْ صَامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ فَقَالَ لَكِنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ السَّبْتِ فَلَا نَزَالُ نَصُومُ حَتَّى نُكْمِلَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَوْ نَرَاهُ فَقُلْتُ أَوَ لَا نَكْتَفِي بِرُؤْيَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ لَا هَكَذَا أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] The month is only twenty-nine days, so do not fast until you see it, and do not break your fast until you see it. But if it is cloudy to you, then complete the count of thirty days. Your breaking of the fast will be on the day you break it, and your sacrifice will be on the day you sacrifice. Every Arafah is a standing place, and every Muzdalifah is a sacrifice, and every valley of Makkah is a sacrifice.  

إِنَّمَا الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ فَلَا تَصُومُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ وَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى تَرَوْهُ فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ ثَلَاثِينَ فِطْرُكُمْ يَوْمَ تُفْطِرُونَ وَأَضْحَاكُمْ يَوْمَ تُضَحُّونَ وَكُلُّ عَرَفَةَ مَوْقِفٌ وَكُلُّ مِنًى مَنْحَرٌ وَكُلُّ فِجَاجِ مَكَّةَ مَنْحَرٌ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , "Fast upon sighting the crescent of the month and break your fast upon sighting it. If it is not visible, then complete the month to thirty days. This narration is also reported from Al-Makburi on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, in a raised manner."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَا مِثْلَهُ إِلَى آخِرِهِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Your fasting is the day on which you fast, and your sacrifice is the day on which you sacrifice."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَوْمُكُمْ يَوْمَ تَصُومُونَ وَأَضْحَاكُمْ يَوْمَ تُضَحُّونَ  

[Machine] Aisha's sacrifice is on the day when people sacrifice, and the breaking of the fast is on the day when people break their fasts.  

عَائِشَةُ النَّحْرُ يَوْمَ يَنْحَرُ النَّاسُ وَالْفِطْرُ يَوْمَ يُفْطِرُ النَّاسُ  

[Machine] Yahya Al-Shughoul is from the messenger of Allah ﷺ.  

يَحْيَى الشُّغُلُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] About that, every day he spends it with a poor person.  

عَنْ ذَاكَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا وَيَقْضِيهِ  

[Machine] He said, "The one who is present should fast and make up for the missed days, and feed a poor person for each day." Abdul Wahhab reported to us that Saeed informed us from Qais ibn Saad from Ataa from Abu Huraira with a similar narration. Ibn Jurayj also narrated from Ataa from Abu Huraira and he said, "A handful of wheat for each poor person."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَصُومُ الَّذِي حَضَرَ وَيَقْضِي الْآخَرَ وَيُطْعِمُ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ أنبأ سَعِيدٌ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَقَالَ مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ  

[Machine] In the case of a sick person, they will be exempt from fasting in Ramadan, and they will not make up for it until the next Ramadan arrives. The person who is present during Ramadan should fast, and they should also fast another time. Additionally, they should feed a needy person every night. This hadith was narrated by Ibrahim ibn Nafi' al-Jalab from 'Umar ibn Musa ibn Wajih from al-Hakam from Mujahid from Abu Huraira, and there is nothing (else) from Ibrahim and 'Umar (regarding this issue). We have also narrated from Ibn 'Umar and Abu Huraira, regarding the person who did not fast until another Ramadan arrived, that they should feed (a needy person) but they do not have to make up for it. Ibn Hasan and Tawus and al-Nakha'i said the person should make up for it and there is no expiation for them, and this is what we say in response to His saying (in the Quran) "for a number of other days" (Surah Al-Baqarah, 184).  

فِي الْمَرِيضِ يَمْرَضُ وَلَا يَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَبْرَأُ وَلَا يَصُومُ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَهُ رَمَضَانُ آخَرُ قَالَ يَصُومُ الَّذِي حَضَرَهُ وَيَصُومُ الْآخَرَ وَيُطْعِمُ لِكُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِسْكِينًا وَرَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ الْجَلَّابُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ وَجِيهٍ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مَرْفُوعًا وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ إِبْرَاهِيمُ وَعُمَرُ مَتْرُوكَانِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فِي الَّذِي لَمْ يَصِحَّ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ رَمَضَانُ آخَرُ يُطْعِمُ وَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَطَاوُسٍ وَالنَّخَعِيِّ يَقْضِي وَلَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ وَبِهِ نَقُولُ لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ} [البقرة 184]  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Leave me as long as I have left you. Verily, those who came before you perished by their excessive questioning and their disputing with their prophets. So when I forbid you from something, stay away from it, and when I command you to do something, do it to the best of your ability.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَرُونِي مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ فَإِنَّمَا هَلَكَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ سُؤَالِهِمْ وَاخْتِلَافِهِمْ عَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ فَإِذَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ وَإِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِالْأَمْرِ فَأْتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ  

[Machine] About a man who dies while having a missed Ramadan fast or a vow. He says, "No one should fast on behalf of another, but rather give charity on his behalf from his wealth for each missed day to a poor person."  

عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ نَذْرٌ يَقُولُ لَا يَصُومُ أَحَدٌ عَنْ أَحَدٍ وَلَكِنْ تَصَدَّقُوا عَنْهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ لِلصَّوْمِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا