4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ (1/4)

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء ص ١

The Women (Medinan)

quran:4:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed Allah is ever, over you, an Observer.  

O people, of Mecca, fear your Lord, that is, His punishment by being obedient to Him, Who created you of a single soul, Adam, and from it created its mate, Eve (Hawwā’), from one of his left ribs, and from the pair of them, Adam and Eve, scattered, separated and spread, many men and, many, women; and fear God by whom you claim ˹your rights˺ from one another (tassā’alūna: the original tā’ ˹of tatasā’alūna˺ has been assimilated with the sīn; a variant reading has tasā’alūna), so that one of you says to the other, ‘I ask you, by God…’, or ‘For God’s sake…’; and, fear, kinship ties, lest you sever them (a variant reading ˹of wa’larhāma, ‘and kinship ties’˺ is wa’l-arhāmi, as a supplement to the pronoun contained in bihi ˹sc. God˺). They used to implore one another by ties of kinship. Surely God has been watchful over you, heedful of your deeds, for which He will requite you, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such an attribute.
القرآن:٤:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا  

{يا أيها الناس} أي أهل مكة {اتقوا ربكم} أي عقابه بأن تطيعوه {الذي خلقكم من نفس واحدة} آدم {وخلق منها زوجها} حواء بالمد من ضلع من أضلاعه اليسرى {وبث} فرق ونشر {منهما} من آدم وحواء {رجالا كثيرا ونساء} كثيرة {واتقوا الله الذي تَسّاءلون} فيه إدغام التاء في الأصل في السين، وفي قراءة بالتخفيف بحذفها أي تتساءلون {به} فيما بينكم حيث يقول بعضكم لبعض أسألك بالله وأنشدك بالله {و} اتقوا {الأرحام} أن تقطعوها، وفي قراءة بالجر عطفا على الضمير في به وكانوا يتناشدون بالرحم {إنَّ الله كان عليكم رقيبا} حافظا لأعمالكم فيجازيكم بها، أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك.
quran:4:2

And give to the orphans their properties and do not substitute the defective ˹of your own˺ for the good ˹of theirs˺. And do not consume their properties into your own. Indeed, that is ever a great sin.  

The following was revealed regarding an orphan who demanded his property from his guardian but was refused it: Give the orphans, the under-age ones that have no father, their property, when they have reached maturity, and do not exchange the evil, the unlawful, for the good, the lawful, that is, taking the one in place of the other, as you do when you take what is good from the orphan’s property, and leave him your faulty property instead; and absorb not their property, ˹by˺ adding it, into your property; surely that, the absorbing of it, is a great crime, a serious sin. When this was revealed they found it difficult to maintain guardianship over orphans, and some of them had ten or eight wives under their care, and did not treat them all equally, and so the following was revealed:
القرآن:٤:٢

وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَىٰ أَمْوَالَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيثَ بِالطَّيِّبِ ۖ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَىٰ أَمْوَالِكُمْ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا كَبِيرًا  

ونزل في يتيم طلب من وليه ماله فمنعه: {وآتوا اليتامى} الصغار الذين لا أب لهم {أموالهم} إذا بلغوا {ولا تتبدلوا الخبيث} الحرام {بالطيب} الحلال أي تأخذوه بدله كما تفعلون من أخذ الجيد من مال اليتيم وجعل الرديء من مالكم مكانه {ولا تأكلوا أموالهم} مضمومة {إلى أموالكم إنه} أي أكلها {كان حوبا} ذنبا {كبيرا} عظيما ولما نزلت تحرجوا من ولاية اليتامى وكان فيهم من تحته العشر أو الثمان من الأزواج فلا يعدل بينهن فنزل.
quran:4:3

And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of ˹other˺ women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then ˹marry only˺ one or those your right hand possesses. That is more suitable that you may not incline ˹to injustice˺.  

If you fear that you will not act justly, ˹that˺ you will ˹not˺ be equitable, towards the orphans, and are thus distressed in this matter, then also fear lest you be unjust towards women when you marry them; marry such (mā means man) women as seem good to you, two or three or four, that is, ˹each man may marry˺ two, or three, or four, but do not exceed this; but if you fear you will not be equitable, towards them in terms of ˹their˺ expenses and ˹individual˺ share; then, marry, only one, or, restrict yourself to, what your right hands own, of slavegirls, since these do not have the same rights as wives; thus, by that marrying of only four, or only one, or resorting to slavegirls, it is likelier, it is nearer ˹in outcome˺, that you will not be unjust, ˹that˺ you will ˹not˺ be inequitable.
القرآن:٤:٣

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىٰ فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰ أَلَّا تَعُولُوا  

{وإن خفتم أ} ن {لا تُقسطوا} تعدلوا {في اليتامى} فتحرجتم من أمرهم فخافوا أيضا أن لا تعدلوا بين النساء إذا نكحتموهن {فانكحوا} تزوجوا {ما} بمعنى من {طاب لكم من النساء مثنى وثلاث ورباع} أي اثنتين وثلاثا وأربعا ولا تزيدوا على ذلك {فإن خفتم أ} ن {لا تعدلوا} فيهن بالنفقة والقسم؟ {فواحدةّ} انكحوها {أو} اقتصروا على {ما ملكت أيمانكم} من الإماء إذ ليس لهن من الحقوق ما للزوجات {ذلك} أي نكاح الأربع فقط أو الواحدة أو التسرَّي {أدنى} أقرب إلى {ألا تعولوا} تجوروا.
quran:4:4

And give the women ˹upon marriage˺ their ˹bridal˺ gifts graciously. But if they give up willingly to you anything of it, then take it in satisfaction and ease.  

And give women their dowries (saduqāt, plural of sudqa), their bridal money (mahr, muhūr), as a free gift (nihlatan, is a verbal noun), a present given out of the kindness of one’s heart; but if they are pleased to offer you any of it of their own accord (nafsan, ‘of their own accord’, is for specification and is taken from the subject of the verb ˹thus, it refers back to ‘they’, the women˺), meaning, ˹if˺ their own selves are pleased that you should have something of the dowry and they give it to you then, consume it with, good, wholesome appetite, a praiseworthy consequence, with no harm therein for you with regard to the Hereafter: this was revealed in response to those who were opposed to this ˹consumption˺.
القرآن:٤:٤

وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً ۚ فَإِنْ طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا  

{وآتوا} أعطوا {النساء صدقاتهن} جمع صدقة مهورهن {نِحلة} مصدر عطية عن طيب نفس {فإن طبن لكم عن شيء منه نفسا} تمييز محول عن الفاعل، أي طابت أنفسهن لكم عن شيء من الصداق فوهبنه لكم {فكلوه هنيئا} طيبا {مريئا} محمود العاقبة لا ضرر فيه عليكم في الآخرة نزلت ردا على كره ذلك.
quran:4:5

And do not give the weak-minded your property, which Allah has made a means of sustenance for you, but provide for them with it and clothe them and speak to them words of appropriate kindness.  

But do not, O guardians, give to the foolish, the squanderers from among men, women and children, your property, that is, the property that is theirs but held by you, which God has assigned to you as maintenance (qiyāman, ‘maintenance’, is the verbal noun from qāma; a variant reading has qiyaman, the plural of qīma, ‘value’, that is, that with which property is valued), meaning that the property which sustains your livelihoods and the well-being of your children, lest they expend it improperly; provide for them thereof, that is, feed them from it, and clothe them, and speak to them decent words, prepare for them a kind reception, by giving them their property when they reach maturity.
القرآن:٤:٥

وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَامًا وَارْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَاكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا  

{ولا تؤتوا} أيها الأولياء {السفهاء} المبذِّرين من الرجال والنساء والصبيان {أموالكم} أي أموالهم التي في أيديكم {التي جعل الله لكم قياما} مصدر قام أي تقوم بمعاشكم وصلاح أولادكم فيضعوها في غير وجهها وفي قراءة قيَما جمع قيمة ما تقوم به الأمتعة {وارزقوهم فيها} أي اطعموهم منها {واكسوهم وقولوا لهم قولا معروفا} عدوهم عدة جميلة بإعطائهم أموالهم إذا رشدوا.
quran:4:6

And test the orphans ˹in their abilities˺ until they reach marriageable age. Then if you perceive in them sound judgement, release their property to them. And do not consume it excessively and quickly, ˹anticipating˺ that they will grow up. And whoever, ˹when acting as guardian˺, is self-sufficient should refrain ˹from taking a fee˺; and whoever is poor - let him take according to what is acceptable. Then when you release their property to them, bring witnesses upon them. And sufficient is Allah as Accountant.  

Try, test, well the orphans, before reaching maturity with regard ˹the duties of˺ religion and ˹before˺ they can ˹legally˺ manage their own affairs, until they reach the age of marrying, that is, until they have become eligible for it through puberty or ˹legal˺ age, which, according to al-Shāfi‘ī, is the completion of fifteen years; then, if you perceive in them maturity, that is, right ˹judgement˺ in matters of religion and their property, deliver their property to them; consume it not, O guardians, wastefully, without due merit, and in haste, that is, hastening to expend it, fearing, lest they should grow up, and become mature, at which time you will be obliged to hand it over to them. If any man, who is a guardian, is rich, let him be abstinent, that is, let him abstain from the orphan’s property and refrain from consuming it; if he is poor, let him consume, of it, honourably, that is, in line with the wage for his work. And when you deliver to them, the orphans, their property, take witnesses over them, that they have received it and that you are absolved ˹of the obligation˺, so that if any dispute occurs, you are able to refer to a clear proof: this is a command ˹intended˺ for guidance. God suffices as a reckoner, as a guardian of His creatures’ deeds and as a reckoner of these ˹deeds˺ (the bā’ ˹in bi’Llāhi˺ is extra).
القرآن:٤:٦

وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَىٰ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ آنَسْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَنْ يَكْبَرُوا ۚ وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ ۖ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا  

{وابتلوا} اختبروا {اليتامى} قبل البلوغ في دينهم وتصرفهم في أحوالهم {حتى إذا بلغوا النكاح} أي صاروا أهلا له بالاحتلام أو السن وهو استكمال خمس عشرة سنة عند الشافعي {فإن آنستم} أبصرتم {منهم رشدا} صلاحا في دينهم ومالهم {فادفعوا إليهم أموالهم ولا تأكلوها} أيها الأولياء {إسرافا} بغير حق حال {وبدارا} أي مبادرين إلى إنفاقها مخافة {أن يكبروا} رشداء فيلزمكم تسليمها إليهم {ومن كان} من الأولياء {غنيا فليستعفف} أي يعف عن مال اليتيم ويمتنع من أكله {ومن كان فقيرا فليأكل} منه {بالمعروف} بقدر أجرة عمله {فإذا دفعتم إليهم} أي إلى اليتامى {أموالهم فأشهدوا عليهم} أنهم تسلموها وبرئتم لئلا يقع اختلاف فترجعوا إلى البينة وهذا أمر إرشاد {وكفى بالله} الياء زائدة {حسيبا} حافظا لأعمال خلقه ومحاسبهم.
quran:4:7

For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much - an obligatory share.  

The following was revealed as a repudiation of pre-Islamic practices in which women and children were not given any inheritance: To the men, young ones and kin, belongs a share, a portion, of what, deceased, parents and kinsmen leave, and to the women belongs a share of what parents and kinsmen leave, whether it, the property, be little or much. God has made it, an obligatory share, apportioned, to be given to them.
القرآن:٤:٧

لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ ۚ نَصِيبًا مَفْرُوضًا  

ونزل ردا لما كان عليه في الجاهلية من عدم توريث النساء والصغار: {للرجال} الأولاد والأقرباء {نصيب} حظٌ {مما ترك الوالدان والأقربون} المتوفون {وللنساء نصيب مما ترك الوالدان والأقربون مما قلَّ منه} أي المال {أو كثر} جعله الله {نصيبا مفروضا} مقطوعا بتسليمه إليهم.
quran:4:8

And when ˹other˺ relatives and orphans and the needy are present at the ˹time of˺ division, then provide for them ˹something˺ out of the estate and speak to them words of appropriate kindness.  

And when the division, of the inheritance, is attended by kinsmen, those of kinship who cannot inherit, and orphans and the poor, grant them, something, out of it, before the division ˹is effected˺; and, if the inheritors are young, speak to them, O guardians, honourable words, kindly, by apologising to them that it is not your possession ˹to divide as you wish˺, but that it is for the young ˹inheritors˺. Some say that this ˹stipulation˺ was abrogated; others say that it was not, only that people were all too readily neglecting it, since it was encouraged ˹but not prescribed˺. According to Ibn ‘Abbās, however, it is a duty.
القرآن:٤:٨

وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا  

{وإذا حضر القسمة} للميراث {أولوا القربى} ذوو القرابة ممن لا يرث {واليتامى والمساكين فارزقوهم منه} شيئا قبل القسمة {وقولوا} أيها الأولياء {لهم} إذا كان الورثة صغارا {قولا معروفا} جميلا بأن تعتذروا إليهم أنكم لا تملكونه وأنه للصغار وهذا قيل إنه منسوخ وقيل لا ولكن تهاون الناس في تركه وعليه فهو ندب وعن ابن عباس واجب.
quran:4:9

And let those ˹executors and guardians˺ fear ˹injustice˺ as if they ˹themselves˺ had left weak offspring behind and feared for them. So let them fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice.  

And let them fear, let them be concerned for the orphans, those who, if they, are about to, leave behind them, that is, after their death, weak offspring, young children, would be afraid for them; that they be ruined; let them fear God, in the matter concerning orphans, and let them give what they would love for their own offspring after their death; and speak, to the one approached by death, pertinent words, the right ˹words˺, by enjoining him to give as voluntary almsgiving no more than the third ˹of the inheritance˺, and leave the remainder for the ones inheriting, so that they do not end up as dependants.
القرآن:٤:٩

وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا  

{ولْيخش} أي ليخف على اليتامى {الذين لو تركوا} أي قاربوا أن يتركوا {من خلفهم} أي بعد موتهم {ذرية ضعافا} أولاد صغارا {خافوا عليهم} الضياع {فليتقوا الله} في أمر اليتامى وليأتوا إليهم ما يحبون أن يفعل بذريتهم من بعدهم {ولْيقولوا} للميت {قولا سديدا} صوابا بأن يأمروه أن يتصدق بدون ثلثه ويدع الباقي لورثته ولا يتركهم عالة.
quran:4:10

Indeed, those who devour the property of orphans unjustly are only consuming into their bellies fire. And they will be burned in a Blaze.  

Those who consume the property of orphans unjustly, without any right, are only consuming, the whole of it as, fire in their bellies, because that is where such ˹action˺ leads, and they shall be exposed to (read active yaslawna, or passive yuslawna), that is, they shall enter, a blaze, an intense fire, in which they shall burn.
القرآن:٤:١٠

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَىٰ ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا ۖ وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا  

{إن الذين يأكلون أموال اليتامى ظلما} بغير حق {إنما يأكلون في بطونهم} أي ملأها {نارا} لأنه يؤول إليها {وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ} بالبناء للفاعل والمفعول يدخلون {سعيرا} نارا شديدة يحترقون فيها.
quran:4:11

Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females. But if there are ˹only˺ daughters, two or more, for them is two thirds of one's estate. And if there is only one, for her is half. And for one's parents, to each one of them is a sixth of his estate if he left children. But if he had no children and the parents ˹alone˺ inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he had brothers ˹or sisters˺, for his mother is a sixth, after any bequest he ˹may have˺ made or debt. Your parents or your children - you know not which of them are nearest to you in benefit. ˹These shares are˺ an obligation ˹imposed˺ by Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.  

God charges you, He commands you, concerning, the matter of, your children, with what He will mention: to the male, of them, the equivalent of the portion, the lot, of two females, if there are two ˹women˺ with him, so that half the property is his, and the other half is theirs; if there is only one female with him, then she has a third, and he receives two thirds; if he is the only one, he takes it all; and if they, the offspring, be, only, women more than two, then for them two-thirds of what he, the deceased, leaves; likewise if they be two women, since in the case of two sisters, more deserving of such a share, God says, They shall receive twothirds of what he leaves ˹Q. 4:176˺; and since a female is entitled to a third with a male, she is all the more deserving ˹of the same share˺ with a female. It is said that fawq, ‘more than’, introduces a relative clause; it is also said to guard against the wrong impression that the greater the number ˹of females˺ the greater the portion ˹they are entitled to˺, since, it is ˹mistakenly˺ thought that the entitlement of two females to twothirds derives from the fact that a female is entitled to one third when with a male; but if she, the daughter, be one (wāhidatan, is also read wāhidatun, making the kāna ˹construction˺ syntactically complete) then to her a half; and to his parents, the deceased’s, to each one of the two (li-kulli wāhidin minhumā, substitutes for the previous li-abawayhi, ‘to his parents’) the sixth of what he leaves, if he has a child, male or female: the point of the substitution is to show that they do not share the sixth ˹but receive one each˺. ˹The term˺ ‘child’ (walad) also applies to a grandchild, and likewise ‘parent’ (abb) to a grandparent; but if he has no child, and his heirs are his parents, alone or along with a spouse, then to his mother (read li-ummihi; also read, in both places ˹here and further down˺, li-immihi in order to avoid the cumbersome transition from a damma ˹‘u’˺ to a kasra ˹‘I’˺) a third, of the property, or what remains after the spouse, the rest being for the father; or, if he has siblings, two or more, males or females, to his mother a sixth, and the rest for the father, and nothing for the siblings. The inheritance stipulated for those mentioned shall take place, after, the fulfilment of, any bequest that he may bequeath (read active yūsī, or passive yūsā), or, the repayment of, any debt, that he may owe. ‘Bequest’ comes before ‘debt’, even though it should only be fulfilled after the latter ˹has been repayed˺, to show that it should be taken seriously. Your parents and children (ābā’ukum wa-abnā’ukum, is the subject, its predicate being ˹what follows˺) — you know not which of them is nearer in benefit to you, in this world and the Hereafter. It may be that one supposes his son to be beneficial to him, leaves him an inheritance, and then it turns out that the father had been the more beneficial ˹of the two˺, and vice versa. The only One with knowledge of this ˹reality˺ is God, and for this reason He has prescribed for you inheritance: a prescription from God; surely God is ever Knowing, of His creation, Wise, in what He has ordained for them, that is to say, He is ever possessed of such attributes.
القرآن:٤:١١

يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ۚ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ ۖ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ ۚ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ ۗ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا ۚ فَرِيضَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا  

{يوصيكم} يأمركم {الله في} شأن {أولادكم} بما يذكر {للذكر} منهم {مثل حظ} نصيب {الأنثيين} إذا اجتمعنا معه فله نصف المال ولهما النصف فإن كان معه واحدة فلها الثلث وله الثلثان وإن انفرد جاز المال {فإن كنَّ} أي الأولاد {نساءً} فقط {فوق اثنتين فلهن ثلثا ما ترك} الميت وكذا الاثنتان لأنه للأختين بقوله {فلهما الثلثان مما ترك} فهما أولى به ولأن البنت تستحق الثلث مع الذكر فمع الأنثى أولى (وفوق) قيل صلة وقيل لدفع توهم زيادة النصيب بزيادة العدد لما فهم استحقاق البنتين الثلثين من جعل الثلث للواحدة مع الذكر {وإن كانت} المولودة {واحدة} وفي قراءة بالرفع فكان تامة {فلها النصف ولأبويه} أي الميت ويبدل منهما {لكل واحد منهما السدس مما ترك إن كان له ولد} ذكر أو أنثى ونكتة البدل إفادة أنهما لا يشتركان فيه وألحق بالولد ولد الابن وبالأب الجد {فإن لم يكن له ولد وورثه أبواه} فقط أو مع زوج {فلأمه} بضم الهمزة وكسرها فرارا من الانتقال من ضمة إلى كسرة لثقله في الموضعين {الثلث} أي ثلث المال أو ما ينبغي بعد الزوج والباقي للأب {فإن كان له إخوة} أي اثنان فصاعدا ذكورا أو إناثا {فلأمه السدس} والباقي للأب ولا شيء للأخوة وإرث من ذكر ما ذُكر {من بعد} تنفيذ {وصية يوصي} بالبناء للفاعل والمفعول {بها أو} قضاء {دين} عليه وتقديم الوصية على الدين وإن كانت مؤخرة عنه في الوفاء للاهتمام بها {آباؤكم وأبناؤكم} مبتدأ خبره {لا تدرون أيهم أقرب لكم نفعا} في الدنيا والآخرة فظان أن ابنه أنفع له فيعطيه الميراث فيكون الأب أنفع وبالعكس وإنما العالم بذلك هو الله ففرض لكم الميراث {فريضة من الله إن الله كان عليما} بخلقه {حكيما} فيما دبَّره لهم: أي لم يزل متصفا بذلك.
quran:4:12

And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child, for you is one fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they ˹may have˺ made or debt. And for the wives is one fourth if you leave no child. But if you leave a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you ˹may have˺ made or debt. And if a man or woman leaves neither ascendants nor descendants but has a brother or a sister, then for each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than two, they share a third, after any bequest which was made or debt, as long as there is no detriment ˹caused˺. ˹This is˺ an ordinance from Allah, and Allah is Knowing and Forbearing.  

And for you a half of what your wives leave, if they have no children, from you or from another; but if they have children, then for you a fourth of what they leave, after any bequest they may bequeath, or any debt: the consensus is that the grandchild in this case is like the child. And for them, the wives, whether one or more, a fourth of what you leave, if you have no children; but if you have children, from them or from others, then for them an eighth of what you leave, after any bequest you may bequeath, or any debt; again the consensus is that the grandchild is as the child. If it be a man leaving an inheritance (yūrathu, ‘being inherited from’, is an adjectival qualification, the predicate of which is ˹the following kalālatan, ‘without direct heir’˺) and not having a direct heir, that is, ˹having˺ neither a parent nor child, or it be a woman, leaving an inheritance and having no direct heir, but it be that such, a man leaving an inheritance with no direct heir, has a brother or a sister, from the same mother, as read by Ibn Mas‘ūd and others, then to each of the two a sixth, of what he leaves; but if they, the siblings from the same mother, be more than that, that is, ˹more˺ than one, then they share a third, the male and female equally, after any bequest to be bequeathed or any debt without prejudice (ghayra mudārrin, is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the person governing ˹the verb˺ yūsā, ‘to be bequeathed’) in other words, without causing any prejudice to the inheritors by bequeathing more than the third); a charge (wasiyyatan, a verbal noun reaffirming ˹the import of˺ yūsīkum, ‘He charges you’ ˹of the beginning of the previous verse˺) from God. God is Knowing, of the obligations which He has ordained for His creatures, Forbearing, in deferring the punishment of those that disobey Him. The Sunna specifies that the individuals mentioned may receive the relevant inheritance provided that they are not barred from it on account of their having committed murder, or ˹their belonging to˺ a different religion or being slaves.
القرآن:٤:١٢

وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ ۚ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ ۗ وَإِنْ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ ۚ مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَىٰ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ ۚ وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ  

{ولكم نصف ما ترك أزواجكم إن لم يكن لهن ولد} منكم أو من غيركم {فإن كان لهن ولد فلكم الربع مما تركن من بعد وصية يوصين بها أو دين} وألحق بالولد في ذلك ولد الابن بالإجماع {ولهن} أي الزوجات تعددن أو لا {الربع مما تركتم إن لم يكن لكم ولد فإن كان لكم ولد} منهن أو من غيرهن {فلهن الثمن مما تركتم من بعد وصية توصون بها أو دين} وولد الابن في ذلك كالولد إجماعا {وإن كان رجل يورث} صفة والخبر {كلالة} أي لا والد له ولا ولد {أو امرأة} تورث كلالة {وله} أي للمورث كلالة {أخ أو أخت} أي من أم وقرأ به ابن مسعود وغيره {فلكل واحد منهما السدس} مما ترك {فإن كانوا} أي الإخوة والأخوات من الأم {أكثر من ذلك} أي من واحد {فهم شركاء في الثلث} يستوي فيه ذكرهم وأنثاهم {من بعد وصية يوصي بها أو دين غير مُضارّ} حال من ضمير يوصي أي غير مدخل الضرر على الورثة بأن يوصي بأكثر من الثلث {وصيةً} مصدر مؤكد ليوصيكم {من الله والله عليم} بما دبره لخلقه من الفرائض {حليم} بتأخير العقوبة عمن خالفه، وخصت السنة توريث من ذكر بمن ليس فيه مانع من قتل أو اختلاف دين أو رقٌ.
quran:4:13

These are the limits ˹set by˺ Allah, and whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger will be admitted by Him to gardens ˹in Paradise˺ under which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein; and that is the great attainment.  

Those, rulings mentioned with respect to orphans and what followed, are God’s bounds, His laws, which He has delimited for His servants, so that they may act in accordance with them and not infringe them. Whoever obeys God and His Messenger, in what He has ruled, He will admit him (yudkhilhu, or, as a shift ˹to the first person plural˺ read nudkhilhu, ‘We will admit him’) to Gardens underneath which rivers flow, abiding therein; that is the great triumph.
القرآن:٤:١٣

تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ  

{تلك} الأحكام المذكورة من أمر اليتامى وما بعده {حدود الله} شرائعه التي حدَّها لعباده ليعملوا بها ولا يتعدوها {ومن يطع الله ورسوله} فيما حكم به {يدخله} بالياء والنون التفاتا {جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها وذلك الفوز العظيم}.
quran:4:14

And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits - He will put him into the Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment.  

But whoever disobeys God, and His Messenger; and transgresses His bounds, him He will admit (˹read˺ in both ways ˹as above, yudkhilhu and nudkhilhu˺) to a Fire, abiding therein, and for him, in it, there shall be a humbling chastisement, one of humiliation. (In both ˹of the last˺ verses, the ˹singular˺ person ˹of the suffixed pronouns and the verbs˺ accords with the ˹singular˺ form of ˹the particle˺ man, ‘whoever’, while ˹the plural person in˺ khālidīn, ‘abiding’, accords with its ˹general plural˺ import.)
القرآن:٤:١٤

وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ  

{ومن يعص الله ورسوله ويتعد حدوده يدخله} بالوجهين {نارا خالدا فيها وله} فيها {عذاب مهين} ذو إهانة روعي في الضمائر في الآيتين لفظ من وفي خالدين معناها.
quran:4:15

Those who commit unlawful sexual intercourse of your women - bring against them four ˹witnesses˺ from among you. And if they testify, confine the guilty women to houses until death takes them or Allah ordains for them ˹another˺ way.  

As for those of your women who commit lewdness, adultery, call four, Muslim men, of you to witness against them; and if they witness, against them such ˹lewdness˺, then detain them in their houses, and prevent them from mixing with people, until, the angels of, death take them or, until, God appoints for them a way, out of it. This was stipulated for them at the very beginning of Islam, but then a way out was appointed for them through ˹the stipulation˺ that the virgin should receive a hundred lashes and be banished for a year, and the married woman be stoned. The prescribed punishment was explained thus in the hadīth, ‘Come listen to me! Come listen to me! God has now made a way out for them’, as reported by Muslim.
القرآن:٤:١٥

وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ ۖ فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ حَتَّىٰ يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا  

(واللاتي يأتين الفاحشة) الزنا (من نسائكم فاستشهدوا عليهن أربعة منكم) أي من رجالكم المسلمين (فإن شهدوا) عليهن بها (فأمسكوهن) احبسوهن (في البيوت) وامنعوهن من مخالطة الناس (حتى يتوفاهن الموت) أي ملائكته (أو) إلى أن (يجعل الله لهن سبيلا) طريقا إلى الخروج منها أمروا بذلك أول الإسلام ثم جعل لهن سبيلا بجلد البكر مائة وتغريبها عاما ورجم المحصنة، وفي الحديث لما بين الحد قال "" خذوا عني خذوا عني قد جعل الله لهن سبيلا "" رواه مسلم.
quran:4:16

And the two who commit it among you, dishonor them both. But if they repent and correct themselves, leave them alone. Indeed, Allah is ever Accepting of repentance and Merciful.  

And when two of you (read wa’lladhāni or wa’lladhānni) men, commit it, that is, a lewd act, adultery or homosexual intercourse, punish them both, with insults and beatings with sandals; but if they repent, of this ˹lewd act˺, and make amends, through ˹good˺ action, then leave them be, and do not harm them. God ever turns ˹relenting˺, to those who repent, and is Merciful, to them. This ˹verse˺ is abrogated by the prescribed punishment if adultery is meant ˹by the lewd act˺, and similarly if homosexual intercourse is meant, according to al-Shāfi‘ī; but according to him, the person who is the object of the ˹penetrative˺ act is not stoned, even if he be married; rather, he is flogged and banished. Judging by the dual person pronoun, it seems more obvious that homosexual fornication is meant ˹by this verse˺, even though the former ˹sc. alShāfi‘ī˺ was of the opinion that it referred to an adulterer and an adulteress; but this ˹opinion of his˺ may be countered by the fact that ˹the reference to˺ the two ˹men˺ becomes clear on account of the particle min being attached to a masculine pronoun ˹minkum, ‘of you’˺, and by the fact that they suffer the same punishment, ˹both effect the action of˺ repentance and ˹are both granted˺ that they be left alone ˹thereafter˺, ˹all of˺ which applies specifically to men, given that for women detention is stipulated, as was stated before.
القرآن:٤:١٦

وَاللَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَانِهَا مِنْكُمْ فَآذُوهُمَا ۖ فَإِنْ تَابَا وَأَصْلَحَا فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمَا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابًا رَحِيمًا  

{وَاًلَّلذّانِ} بتخفيف النون وتشديدها {يأتيانها} أي الفاحشة الزنا أو اللواط {منكم} أي الرجال {فآذوهما} بالسب والضرب بالنعال {فإن تابا} منها {وأصلحا} العمل {فأعرضوا عنهما} ولا تؤذوهما {إن الله كان توَّابا} على من تاب {رحيما} به وهذا منسوخ بالحد إن أريد بها الزنا وكذا إن أريد بها اللواط عن الشافعي لكن المفعول به لا يرجم عنده وإن كان محصنا بل يجلد ويغرب وإرادةُ اللواط أظهر بدليل تثنية الضمير والأول أراد الزاني والزانية ويرده تبيينهما بمن المتصلة بضمير الرجال واشتراكهما في الأذى والتوبة والإعراض وهو مخصوص بالرجال لما تقدم في النساء من الحبس.
quran:4:17

The repentance accepted by Allah is only for those who do wrong in ignorance ˹or carelessness˺ and then repent soon after. It is those to whom Allah will turn in forgiveness, and Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.  

The repentance that God accepts, that is, the one which He has prescribed for Himself to accept, out of His bounty, is only of those who do evil, an act of disobedience, in ignorance (bi-jahālatin, a circumstantial qualifier, in other words, ‘they are ignorant’ while they are disobeying their Lord); then repent shortly thereafter, before the last gasps of death; God will relent to those, He will accept their repentance. And God is ever Knowing, of His creatures, Wise, in what He does with them.
القرآن:٤:١٧

إِنَّمَا التَّوْبَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السُّوءَ بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ فَأُولَٰئِكَ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا  

{إنما التوبة على الله} أي التي كتب على نفسه قبولها بفضله {للذين يعملون السوء} المعصية {بجهالة} حال أي جاهلين إذا عصوا ربهم {ثم يتوبون من} زمن {قريب} قبل أن يغرغروا {فأولئك يتوب الله عليهم} يقبل توبتهم {وكان الله عليما} بخلقه {حكيما} في صنعه بهم.
quran:4:18

But repentance is not ˹accepted˺ of those who ˹continue to˺ do evil deeds up until, when death comes to one of them, he says, "Indeed, I have repented now," or of those who die while they are disbelievers. For them We have prepared a painful punishment.  

Repentance is not for those who do evil deeds, sins, until, when death approaches one of them, and the pangs of death begin, he says, upon witnessing his predicament: ‘Indeed now I repent’, for this would not avail him and would not be accepted from him; neither for those who die disbelieving, if they repent in the Hereafter upon seeing the chastisement: it will not be accepted from them. Those — We have prepared for them a painful chastisement.
القرآن:٤:١٨

وَلَيْسَتِ التَّوْبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ إِنِّي تُبْتُ الْآنَ وَلَا الَّذِينَ يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا  

{وليست التوبة للذين يعملون السيئات} الذنوب {حتى إذا حضر أحدهم الموتُ} وأخذ في النزع {قال} عند مشاهدة ما هو فيه {إنِّي تبت الآن} فلا ينفعه ذلك ولا يقبل منه {ولا الذين يموتون وهم كفار} إذا تابوا في الآخرة عند معاينة العذاب لا تقبل منهم {أولئك أعتدنا} أعددنا {لهم عذابا أليما} مؤلما.
quran:4:19

O you who have believed, it is not lawful for you to inherit women by compulsion. And do not make difficulties for them in order to take ˹back˺ part of what you gave them unless they commit a clear immorality. And live with them in kindness. For if you dislike them - perhaps you dislike a thing and Allah makes therein much good.  

O you who believe, it is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will (read either karhan or kurhan, as alternative forms) that is to say, coercing them into this. In pre-Islamic times, they used to inherit women from their kin, and if they so wished they could marry ˹a woman˺ without a dowry, or marry her off and take the dowry for themselves, or prevent her ˹from marriage˺ until she gave up what she had inherited, or until she died and they could inherit from her. They were thus forbidden such practices; neither debar them, your ˹former˺ wives from marrying others by retaining them while you have no desire for them yourselves, only to harm them; so that you may go off with part of what you have given them, of the dowry, except when they commit flagrant (read mubayyina, ‘making it clear’, or mubayyana, ‘clear’) lewdness, such as adultery or rebellion, then you have the right to coerce them until they redeem themselves to you or forfeit ˹their dowries˺. Consort with them in kindness, that is, being decent in speaking ˹to them˺, with regard to ˹their˺ expenditure and lodging; for if you hate them, then be patient; it may happen that you hate a thing wherein God has set much good, that is to say, perhaps He does this when He provides you with a righteous child through them.
القرآن:٤:١٩

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَرِثُوا النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا ۖ وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ ۚ وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ فَإِنْ كَرِهْتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَىٰ أَنْ تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَيَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا  

{يا أيُّها الذين آمنوا لا يحلُّ لكم أن ترثوا النساء} أي ذاتهن {كرها} بالفتح والضم لغتان أي مكرهيهن على ذلك كانوا في الجاهلية يرثون نساء أقربائهم فإن شاءوا تزوجوهن بلا صداق أو زوَّجوهن وأخذوا صداقهن أو عضلوهن حتى يفتدين بما ورثنه أو يمتن فيرثوهن فنُهوا عن ذلك {ولا} أن {تعضلوهن} أي تمنعوا أزواجكم عن نكاح غيركم بإمساكهن ولا رغبة لكم فيهن ضرارا {لتذهبوا ببعض ما آتيتموهن} من المهر {إلا أن يأتين بفاحشة مبيَّنة} بفتح الياء وكسرها أي بينت أو هي بينة أي زنا أو نشوز فلكم أن تضاروهن حتى يفتدين منكم ويختلعن {وعاشروهن بالمعروف} أي بالإجمال في القول والنفقة والمبيت {فإن كرهتموهن} فاصبروا {فعسى أن تكرهوا شيئا ويجعل الله فيه خيرا كثيرا} ولعله يجعل فيهن ذلك بأن يرزقكم منهن ولدا صالحا.
quran:4:20

But if you want to replace one wife with another and you have given one of them a great amount ˹in gifts˺, do not take ˹back˺ from it anything. Would you take it in injustice and manifest sin?  

And if you desire to exchange a wife in place of another, by divorcing the one, and you have given to one, of the spouses, a hundredweight, that is, a large sum as dowry, take of it nothing. Would you take it by way of calumny, injustice, and manifest sin? (buhtānan, ‘calumny’, and ithman, ‘sin’, end in the accusative because they are circumstantial qualifiers); the interrogative here is meant as a rebuke, and as a disavowal where He says:
القرآن:٤:٢٠

وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمُ اسْتِبْدَالَ زَوْجٍ مَكَانَ زَوْجٍ وَآتَيْتُمْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ قِنْطَارًا فَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا ۚ أَتَأْخُذُونَهُ بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا  

{وإن أردتم استبدال زوج مكان زوج} أي أخذها بدلها بأن طلقتموها {و} قد {آتيتم إحداهن} أي الزوجات {قنطارا} مالا كثيرا صداقا {فلا تأخذوا منه شيئا أتأخُذُونهُ بهتانا} ظلما {وإثما مبينا} بينا ونصبهما على الحال، والاستفهامُ للتوبيخ وللإنكار في قوله.
quran:4:21

And how could you take it while you have gone in unto each other and they have taken from you a solemn covenant?  

How shall you take it, that is, by what right, when each of you has been privily with the other, through sexual intercourse, which validates the dowry, and they have taken from you a solemn covenant, a binding pledge, and that is what God commanded, namely, that they should be retained honourably or set free virtuously.
القرآن:٤:٢١

وَكَيْفَ تَأْخُذُونَهُ وَقَدْ أَفْضَىٰ بَعْضُكُمْ إِلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَأَخَذْنَ مِنْكُمْ مِيثَاقًا غَلِيظًا  

{وكيف تأخذونه} أي بأي وجه {وقد أفضى} وصل {بعضكم إلى بعض} بالجماع المقرر للمهر {وأخذن منكم ميثاقا} عهدا {غليظا} شديدا وهو ما أمر الله به من إمساكهن بمعروف أو تسريحهن بإحسان.
quran:4:22

And do not marry those ˹women˺ whom your fathers married, except what has already occurred. Indeed, it was an immorality and hateful ˹to Allah˺ and was evil as a way.  

And do not marry women whom (mā means man) your fathers married, unless it be a thing of the past, which is forgiven you; surely that, marrying them, is obscene, vile, and abominable (maqtan, means it results in maqt, ‘severe hate’, from God), an evil way, ˹an evil˺ path is this.
القرآن:٤:٢٢

وَلَا تَنْكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَمَقْتًا وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا  

{ولا تنكحوا ما} بمعنى من {نكح آباؤكم من النساء إلا} لكن {ما قد سلف} من فعلكم ذلك فانه معفوّ عنه {إنه} أي نكاحهن {كان فاحشة} قبيحا {ومقتا} سببا للمقت من الله وهو أشد البغض {وساء} بئس {سبيلا} طريقا ذلك.
quran:4:23

Prohibited to you ˹for marriage˺ are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters, your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your ˹milk˺ mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives' mothers, and your step-daughters under your guardianship ˹born˺ of your wives unto whom you have gone in. But if you have not gone in unto them, there is no sin upon you. And ˹also prohibited are˺ the wives of your sons who are from your ˹own˺ loins, and that you take ˹in marriage˺ two sisters simultaneously, except for what has already occurred. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.  

Forbidden to you are your mothers, in marriage, and this includes the paternal and maternal grandmothers; and daughters, including their children, if they should lower themselves ˹to such standards˺; your sisters, from your fathers and mothers; your paternal aunts, that is, the sisters of your fathers and grandfathers; and maternal aunts, that is, the sisters of your mothers and grandmothers; your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, including the children of these daughters; your foster mothers who have given you milk, five times within the first two years, as pointed out in a hadīth; your foster sisters, and, according to the Sunna, the daughters of these; and these foster-sisters include those suckled by a woman with whom the man has had intercourse, those suckled by the man’s paternal aunts, or maternal aunts, or those suckled by his brother’s daughters, or his sister’s daughters, on account of the ˹Prophet’s˺ hadīth that, ‘What kinship makes unlawful suckling also makes unlawful’, as reported by al-Bukhārī and Muslim; your mothers-in-law, your step-daughters (rabā’ib, plural of rabība, the daughter of one’s wife from another husband), who are, being brought up, in your care (allātī fī hujūrikum is an adjectival qualifier, reiterating the obvious, without any additional import); being born of your wives you have been in to, in sexual intercourse — but if you have not yet been in to them you are not at fault, if you leave them, to then marry their daughters — and the spouses of your sons who are of your loins, as opposed to those whom you have adopted, whose spouses, in contrast, you may marry; and that you should take to you, in marriage, two sisters together, ˹sisters˺ by kinship or by suckling: the Sunna adds that you may not marry her together with her paternal or maternal aunt; it is permissible to marry each of these separately or to own them ˹as handmaidens˺ together, but only have sexual intercourse with one of them; unless it be a thing of the past, from preIslamic times, when you may have married in one of the ways mentioned: you are not at fault. God is ever Forgiving, of what you have done in the past, prior to this prohibition, Merciful, to you in this matter.
القرآن:٤:٢٣

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُمْ مِنْ نِسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

(حرمت عليكم أمهاتكم) أن تنكحوهن وشملت الجدات من قبل الأب أو الأم (وبناتكم) وشملت بنات الأولاد وإن سفلن (وأخواتكم) من جهة الأب أو الأم (وعماتكم) أي أخوات آبائكم وأجدادكم (وخالاتكم) أي أخوات أمهاتكم وجداتكم (وبنات الأخ وبنات الأخت) ويدخل فيهن أولادهم (وأمهاتكم اللاتي أرضعنكم) قبل استكمال الحولين خمس رضعات كما بينه الحديث (وأخواتكم من الرضاعة) ويلحق بذلك بالسنة البنات منها وهن من أرضعتهم موطوأته والعمات والخالات وبنات الأخ وبنات الأخت منها لحديث: "" يحرم من الرضاع ما يحرم من النسب "" رواه البخاري ومسلم (وأمهات نسائكم وربائبكم) جمع ربيبة وهي بنت الزوجة من غيره (اللاتي في حجوركم) تربونهن. صفة موافقة للغالب فلا مفهوم لها (من نسائكم اللاتي دخلتم بهن) أي جامعتموهن (فإن لم تكونوا دخلتم بهن فلا جناح عليكم) في نكاح بناتهن إذا فارقتموهن (وحلائل) أزواج (أبنائكم الذين من أصلابكم) بخلاف من تبنيتموهم فلكم نكاح حلائلهم (وأن تجمعوا بين الأختين) من نسب أو رضاع بالنكاح ويلحق بهما بالسنة الجمع بينها وبين عمتها أو خالتها ويجوز نكاح كل واحدة على الانفراد وملكهما معا ويطأ واحدة (إلا) لكن (ما قد سلف) في الجاهلية من نكاحهم بعض ما ذكر فلا جناح عليكم فيه (إن الله كان غفورا) لما سلف منكم قبل النهي (رحيما) بكم في ذلك.
quran:4:24

And ˹also prohibited to you are all˺ married women except those your right hands possess. ˹This is˺ the decree of Allah upon you. And lawful to you are ˹all others˺ beyond these, ˹provided˺ that you seek them ˹in marriage˺ with ˹gifts from˺ your property, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse. So for whatever you enjoy ˹of marriage˺ from them, give them their due compensation as an obligation. And there is no blame upon you for what you mutually agree to beyond the obligation. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.  

And, forbidden to you are, wedded women, those with spouses, that you should marry them before they have left their spouses, be they Muslim free women or not; save what your right hands own, of captured ˹slave˺ girls, whom you may have sexual intercourse with, even if they should have spouses among the enemy camp, but only after they have been absolved of the possibility of pregnancy ˹after the completion of one menstrual cycle˺; this is what God has prescribed for you (kitāba is in the accusative because it is the verbal noun). Lawful for you (read passive wa-uhilla, or active wa-ahalla), beyond all that, that is, except what He has forbidden you of women, is that you seek, women, using your wealth, by way of a dowry or a price, in wedlock and not, fornicating, in illicitly. Such wives as you enjoy thereby, and have had sexual intercourse with, give them their wages, the dowries that you have assigned them, as an obligation; you are not at fault in agreeing together, you and they, after the obligation, is waived, decreased or increased. God is ever Knowing, of His creatures, Wise, in what He has ordained for them.
القرآن:٤:٢٤

وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۖ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُمْ مَا وَرَاءَ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ ۚ فَمَا اسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْهُنَّ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً ۚ وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَاضَيْتُمْ بِهِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْفَرِيضَةِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا  

{و} حرمت عليكم {المحصَنات} أي ذوات الأزواج {من النساء} أن تنكحوهن قبل مفارقة أزواجهن حرائر مسلمات كن أو لا {إلا ما ملكت أيمانكم} من الإماء بالسبي فلكم وطؤهن وإن كان لهن أزواج في دار الحرب بعد الاستبراء {كتاب الله} نصب على المصدر أي كتب ذلك {عليكم وَأحلَّ} بالبناء للفاعل والمفعول {لكم ما وراء ذلكم} أي سوى ما حرم عليكم من النساء {أن تبتغوا} تطلبوا النساء {بأموالكم} بصداق أو ثمن {محصنين} متزوجين {غير مسافحين} زانين {فما} فمن {استمتعتم} تمتعتم {به منهن} ممن تزوجتم بالوطء {فآتوهن أجورهن} مهورهن التي فرضتم لهن {فريضة ولا جناح عليكم فيما تراضيتم} أنتم وهن {به من بعد الفريضة} من حطها أو بعضها أو زيادة عليها {إن الله كان عليما} بخلقه {حكيما} فيما دبره لهم.
quran:4:25

And whoever among you cannot ˹find˺ the means to marry free, believing women, then ˹he may marry˺ from those whom your right hands possess of believing slave girls. And Allah is most knowing about your faith. You ˹believers˺ are of one another. So marry them with the permission of their people and give them their due compensation according to what is acceptable. ˹They should be˺ chaste, neither ˹of˺ those who commit unlawful intercourse randomly nor those who take ˹secret˺ lovers. But once they are sheltered in marriage, if they should commit adultery, then for them is half the punishment for free ˹unmarried˺ women. This ˹allowance˺ is for him among you who fears sin, but to be patient is better for you. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

And whoever has not the means wherewith, ˹whoever˺ is not wealthy enough, to be able to marry believing (al-mu’mināt, ‘believing’, is in accordance with the prevalent practice, and does not add to the import), free, women in wedlock, let him take, in marriage, believing maids whom your right hands own. God knows very well your faith, so suffice yourself with its outward manifestation and leave the innermost matters to Him, for He is the One to know her ˹true˺ merit: many a slavegirl may be more excellent ˹in faith˺ than a free woman, and this is meant to encourage marriage with slavegirls; the one of you is as the other, being equal in religion, so do not disdain to marry with them. So marry them, with the permission of their folk, their guardians, and give them their wages, their dowries, honourably, without procrastination or diminution, as women in wedlock (muhsanāt, a circumstantial qualifier), in decency, not illicitly, openly fornicating, or taking lovers, companions fornicating in secret. But when they are given in wedlock, ˹when˺ they are married off (a variant reading ˹for the passive uhsinna, ‘they are given in wedlock’˺ has the active ahsanna, ‘they enter into wedlock’), if they commit lewdness, such as adultery, they shall be liable to half the chastisement, the legal punishment, of married, free, virgin, women, who commit adultery, and are thus given fifty lashes and banished for half a year; ˹male˺ slaves by analogy are liable to the same punishment. Here, God has not made wedlock the precondition for the prescribed punishment to show that stoning does not apply in their case ˹sc. slavegirls˺. That, marrying of slavegirls on account of insufficient means, is for those of you who fear the distress of sin, fornication (al-‘anat originally means distress, but is used to mean zinā, ‘fornication’, because of the distress that it causes in the way of the punishment in this world and in the Hereafter), as opposed to those of you who might not have such a fear ˹of distress˺ with regard to their free women and for whom it is unlawful to marry her ˹the slavegirl˺; likewise for one who has sufficient means to marry a free woman ˹it is unlawful for him to marry a slavegirl instead˺: this is the opinion of alShāfi‘ī. Moreover, God’s words ‘believing maids’ precludes unbelieving women, whom it is unlawful to marry, even if one should find no believing women and fear ˹the distress of fornication˺; yet it is better for you to be patient, and abstain from marrying slavegirls, lest the child should become enslaved also. God is Forgiving, Merciful, by allowing room for manoeuvre in these matters.
القرآن:٤:٢٥

وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِكُمْ ۚ بَعْضُكُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ ۚ فَانْكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِنَّ وَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَاتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحَاتٍ وَلَا مُتَّخِذَاتِ أَخْدَانٍ ۚ فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ الْعَنَتَ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَأَنْ تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

(ومن لم يستطع منكم طولا) أي غنى لـ (أن ينكح المحصنات) الحرائر (المؤمنات) هو جري على الغالب فلا مفهوم له (فمن ما ملكت أيمانكم) ينكح (من فتياتكم المؤمنات والله أعلم بإيمانكم) فاكتفوا بظاهره وكِلوا السرائر إليه فإنه العالم بتفضيلها ورب أمة تفضل حرة فيه وهذا تأنيس بنكاح الإماء (بعضكم من بعض) أي أنتم وهن سواء في الدين فلا تستنكفوا من نكاحهن (فانكحوهن بإذن أهلهن) مواليهن (وآتوهن) أعطوهن. (أجورهن) مهورهن (بالمعروف) من غير مطل ونقص (محصنات) عفائف حال (غير مسافحات) زانيات جهرا (ولا متخذات أخذان) أخلاء يزنون بهن سرا (فإذا أحصن) زوجن وفي قراءة بالبناء للفاعل تزوجن (فإن أتين بفاحشة) زنا (فعليهن نصف ما على المحصنات) الحرائر الأبكار إذا زنين (من العذاب) الحد فيجلدن خمسين ويغربن نصف سنة ويقاس عليهن العبيد ولم يجعل الإحصان شرطا لوجوب الحد لإفادة أنه لا رجم عليهن أصلا (ذلك) أي نكاح المملوكات عند عدم الطول (لمن خشي) خاف (العنت) الزنا وأصله المشقة سمي به الزنا لأنه سببها بالحد في الدنيا والعقوبة في الآخرة (منكم) بخلاف من لا يخافه من الأحرار فلا يحل له نكاحها وكذا من استطاع طول حرة وعليه الشافعي وخرج بقوله "" من فتياتكم المؤمنات "" الكافرات: فلا يحل له نكاحها ولو عدل وخاف (وأن تصبروا) عن نكاح المملوكات (خير لكم) لئلا يصير الولد رقيقا (والله غفور رحيم) بالتوسعة في ذلك.
quran:4:26

Allah wants to make clear to you ˹the lawful from the unlawful˺ and guide you to the ˹good˺ practices of those before you and to accept your repentance. And Allah is Knowing and Wise.  

God desires to make clear to you, the laws of your religion and what is in your best interests, and to guide you in the ways, the paths, of those, prophets, before you, in the way of what is lawful and what is unlawful, so that you might follow them, and to turn ˹in forgiveness˺ towards you, bringing you back from the disobedience which you practised, to obedience to Him; God is Knowing, of you, Wise, in what He has ordained for you.
القرآن:٤:٢٦

يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ سُنَنَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{يريد الله ليبين لكم} شرائع دينكم ومصالح أمركم {ويهديكم سنن} طرائق {الذين من قبلكم} من الأنبياء في التحليل والتحريم فتتَّبعوهم {وينوب عليكم} يرجع بكم عن معصيته التي كنتم عليها إلى طاعته {والله عليم} بكم {حكيم} فيما دبره لكم.
quran:4:27

Allah wants to accept your repentance, but those who follow ˹their˺ passions want you to digress ˹into˺ a great deviation.  

And God desires to turn ˹forgivingly˺ towards you (He repeats this in order to expand upon it), but those who follow their passions, the Jews and Christians, or the Magians and adulterers, desire that you deviate with a terrible deviation, transgressing what is right by committing what has been forbidden you, so that you might be like them.
القرآن:٤:٢٧

وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الشَّهَوَاتِ أَنْ تَمِيلُوا مَيْلًا عَظِيمًا  

{والله يريد أن يتوب عليكم} كرره ليبنى عليه {ويريد الذين يتبعون الشهوات} اليهود والنصارى أو المجوس أو الزناة {أن تميلوا ميلا عظيما} تعدلوا عن الحق بارتكاب ما حُرم عليكم فتكونوا مثلهم.
quran:4:28

And Allah wants to lighten for you ˹your difficulties˺; and mankind was created weak.  

God desires to lighten things for you, and make the rulings of the Law easier for you; for man was created weak, unable to abstain from women and passions.
القرآن:٤:٢٨

يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُخَفِّفَ عَنْكُمْ ۚ وَخُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ ضَعِيفًا  

{يريد الله أن يخفف عنكم} يسهل عليكم أحكام الشرع {وخلق الإنسان ضعيفا} لا يصبر عن النساء والشهوات.
quran:4:29

O you who have believed, do not consume one another's wealth unjustly but only ˹in lawful˺ business by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves ˹or one another˺. Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful.  

O you who believe, consume not your goods between you wrongly, unlawfully according to the Law, through usury or usurpation, except it be trading (tijāratan, also read tijāratun), so that the goods be from trade effected, through mutual agreement, through mutual good-will: such ˹goods˺ you may consume. And kill not yourselves, by committing what leads towards destruction on account of some affiliation, be it in this world or the Hereafter. Surely God is ever Merciful to you, when He forbids you such things.
القرآن:٤:٢٩

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ ۚ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تأكلوا أموالكم بينكم بالباطل} بالحرام في الشرع كالربا والغصب {إلا} لكن {أن تكون} تقع {تجارة} وفي قراءة بالنصب أن تكون الأموال أموال تجارة صادرة {عن تراضى منكم} وطيب نفس فلكم أن تأكلوها {ولا تقتلوا أنفسكم} بارتكاب ما يؤدي إلى هلاكها أيّا كان في الدنيا أو الآخرة بقرينة {إن الله كان بكم رحيما} في منعه لكم من ذلك.
quran:4:30

And whoever does that in aggression and injustice - then We will drive him into a Fire. And that, for Allah, is ˹always˺ easy.  

And whoever does that, which he has been forbidden, through aggression (‘udwānan, a circumstantial qualifier), transgressing what is lawful, and injustice (zulman, ˹reiterated˺ for emphasis), him We shall certainly expose, admit, to a fire, wherein he shall burn; and that for God is an easy matter.
القرآن:٤:٣٠

وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَٰلِكَ عُدْوَانًا وَظُلْمًا فَسَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِ نَارًا ۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا  

{ومن يفعل ذلك} أي ما نُهي عنه {عُدوانا} تجاوزا للحلال حال {وظلما} تأكيد {فسوف نصليه} ندخله {نارا} يحترق فيها {وكان ذلك على الله يسيرا} هيِّنا.
quran:4:31

If you avoid the major sins which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser sins and admit you to a noble entrance ˹into Paradise˺.  

If you avoid the grave sins that are forbidden you, those for which the threat of punishment has been prescribed, like murder, fornication or theft — according to Ibn ‘Abbās, these number as much as seven hundred — We will absolve you of your, minor, evil deeds, on account of your acts of obedience, and admit you by an honourable gate (read mudkhalan or madkhalan), that is, ˹by an honourable˺ admittance or location, namely, Paradise.
القرآن:٤:٣١

إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبَائِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُمْ مُدْخَلًا كَرِيمًا  

{إن تجتنبوا كبائر ما تنهون عنه} وهي ما ورد عليها وعيد كالقتال والزنا والسرقة وعن ابن عباس هي إلى السبعمائة أقرب {نكفِّر عنكم سيِّئاتكم} الصغائر بالطاعات {وندخلكم مُدخلا} بضم الميم وفتحها أي إدخالا أو موضعا {كريما} هو الجنة.
quran:4:32

And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned. And ask Allah of his bounty. Indeed Allah is ever, of all things, Knowing.  

Do not covet that in which God has preferred some of you above others, in the way of worldly affairs or religion, lest it lead to mutual envy and hatred. To men a share from, a reward for, what they have earned, for their acts in the struggle and so on, and to women a share from what they have earned, by way of being obedient to their spouses and guarding their private parts: this was revealed when Umm Salama said: ‘Would that we were men, so that we could join the struggle and receive the reward they receive!’ And ask (read wa-s’alū or wa-salū) God of His bounty, what you need and He will give it to you; God is ever Knower of all things, including where merit is deserved and that for which you ask.
القرآن:٤:٣٢

وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبُوا ۖ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبْنَ ۚ وَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا  

{ولا تتمنَّوا ما فضَّل الله به بعضكم على بعض} من جهة الدنيا أو الدين لئلا يؤدى إلى التحاسد والتباغض {للرجال نصيب} ثواب {مما اكتسبوا} بسبب ما عملوا من الجهاد وغيره {وللنساء نصيب مما اكتسبن} من طاعة أزواجهن وحفظ فروجهن نزلت لما قالت أم سلمة: ليتنا كنا رجالا فجاهدنا وكان لنا مثل أجر الرجال {واسألوا} بهمزة ودونها {الله من فضله} ما احتجتم إليه يعطكم {إن الله كان بكل شيء عليما} ومنه محل الفضل وسؤالكم.
quran:4:33

And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives. And to those whom your oaths have bound ˹to you˺ - give them their share. Indeed Allah is ever, over all things, a Witness.  

To each, man and woman, We have appointed heirs, relations to be given, of that, property, which parents and kinsmen leave, for them, and to those to whom your right hands (aymān, plural of yamīn, meaning ‘oath’ or ‘hand’) were pledged (read ‘āqadat or ‘aqadat), that is, those allies with whom before the coming of Islam you made covenants of mutual assitance and inheritance. So give them, now, their share, their portions of the inheritance, which is a sixth. God is ever Witness over everything, ˹ever˺ aware ˹of it˺, including your circumstances: this verse was abrogated by His words, But those related by blood are nearer to one another ˹Q. 8:75 and 33:6˺.
القرآن:٤:٣٣

وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدًا  

{ولكلٌ} عن الرجال والنساء {جعلنا موالي} عصبة يعطون {مما ترك الوالدان والأقربون} لهم من المال {والذين عاقدت} بألف ودونها {أيمانكم} جمع يمين بمعنى القسم أو اليد أي الخلفاء الذين عاهدتموهم في الجاهلية على النصرة والإرث {فآتوهم} الآن {نصيبهم} حظوظهم من الميراث وهو السدس {إن الله على كل شيء شهيدا} مطلعا ومنه حالكم وهذا منسوخ بقوله (وأولوا الأرحام بعضهم أول ببعض).
quran:4:34

Men are in charge of women by ˹right of˺ what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend ˹for maintenance˺ from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in ˹the husband's˺ absence what Allah would have them guard. But those ˹wives˺ from whom you fear arrogance - ˹first˺ advise them; ˹then if they persist˺, forsake them in bed; and ˹finally˺, strike them. But if they obey you ˹once more˺, seek no means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand.  

Men are in charge of, they have authority over, women, disciplining them and keeping them in check, because of that with which God has preferred the one over the other, that is, because God has given them the advantage over women, in knowledge, reason, authority and otherwise, and because of what they expend, on them ˹the women˺, of their property. Therefore righteous women, among them, are obedient, to their husbands, guarding in the unseen, that is, ˹guarding˺ their private parts and otherwise during their spouses’ absence, because of what God has guarded, for them, when He enjoined their male spouses to look after them well. And those you fear may be rebellious, disobedient to you, when such signs appear, admonish them, make them fear God, and share not beds with them, retire to other beds if they manifest such disobedience, and strike them, but not violently, if they refuse to desist ˹from their rebellion˺ after leaving them ˹in separate beds˺. If they then obey you, in what is desired from them, do not seek a way against them, a reason to strike them unjustly. God is ever High, Great, so beware of Him, lest He punish you for treating them unjustly.
القرآن:٤:٣٤

الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ۚ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا  

{الرِّجال قوَّامون} مسلطون {على النساء} يؤدبونهن ويأخذون على أيديهن {بما فضَّل الله بعضهم على بعض} أي بتفضيله لهم عليهن بالعلم والعقل والولاية وغير ذلك {وبما أنفقوا} عليهن {من أموالهم فالصالحات} منهن {قانتات} مطيعات لأزواجهن {حافظات للغيب} أي لفروجهن وغيرها في غيبة أزواجهن {بما حفظ} لهن {اللهُ} حيث أوصى عليهن الأزواج {والَّتي تخافون نشوزهن} عصيانهن لكم بأن ظهرت أمارته {فعظوهن} فخوِّفوهن الله {واهجروهن في المضاجع} اعتزلوا إلى فراش آخر إن أظهرن النشوز {واضربوهن} ضربا غير مبرح إن لم يرجعن بالهجران {فإن أطعنكم} فيما يراد منهن {فلا تبغوا} تطلبوا {عليهن سبيلا} طريقا إلى ضربهن ظلما {إن الله كان عليا كبيرا} فاحذروه أن يعاقبكم إن ظلمتموهن.
quran:4:35

And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will cause it between them. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Acquainted ˹with all things˺.  

And if you fear, become aware of, a breach, a dispute, between the two, the married couple (the genitive construction shiqāqa baynihimā, ‘˹any˺ breach between the two’, is for a range ˹of alternatives˺, in other words: shiqāqan baynihimā ˹is the normal construction˺) send forth, for them with their consent, an arbiter, a just man, from his folk, his kinsmen, and an arbiter from her folk: the husband delegates to his arbiter the ˹matter of˺ divorce or the acceptance of compensation in its place, while she delegates to her arbiter the ˹matter of˺ separation. The two arbiters do their best and bid the one guilty of the injustice to desist, or they suggest separation if they see fit. God, exalted be He, says, if they, the two arbiters, desire to set things right, God will grant them, the married couple, success, determining for them what constitutes ˹an act of˺ obedience, be it reconciliation or separation. Surely God is ever Knower, of everything, Aware, of what is hidden and what is manifested.
القرآن:٤:٣٥

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًا  

{وإن خفتم} علمتم {شقاق} خلاف {بينهما} بين الزوجين والإضافة للاتساع أي شقاقا بينهما {فابعثوا} إليهما برضاهما {حكما} رجلا عدلا {من أهله} أقاربه {وحكما من أهلها} ويوكل الزوج حكمه في طلاق وقبول عوض عليه وتوكل هي حكمها في الاختلاع فيجتهدان ويأمران الظالم بالرجوع أو يُفَرِّقَان إن رأياه، قال تعالى: {إن يريدا} أي الحكمان {إصلاحا يوفِّق الله بينهما} بين الزوجين أي يقدرهما على ما هو الطاعة من إصلاح أو فراق {إن الله كان عليما} بكل شيء {خبيرا} بالبواطن كالظواهر.
quran:4:36

Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side, the traveler, and those whom your right hands possess. Indeed, Allah does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful.  

And worship God, declare His Oneness, and associate nothing with Him. Be kind to parents, being dutiful and gentle-mannered, and near kindred, and to orphans, and to the needy, and to the neighbour who is near, to you in terms of ˹physical˺ vicinity or kinship, and to the neighbour who is a stranger, the one far from you in terms of ˹physical˺ vicinity or kinship; and to the friend at your side, a travelling companion, or a colleague at work, and, it is also said, one’s wife; and to the wayfarer, the one cut off during a journey, and to what your right hands own, of bondsmen. Surely God loves not the conceited, the arrogant, and the boastful, ˹the one who boasts˺ before people of what he has been given.
القرآن:٤:٣٦

وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا ۖ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنْبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا  

{واعبدوا الله} وحِّدوه {ولا تُشركوا به شيئا و} أحسنوا {بالوالدين إحسانا} برّا ولين جانب {وبذي القربى} القرابة {واليتامى والمساكين والجار ذي القربى} القريب منك في الجوار أو النسب {والجار الجُنُب} البعيد عنك في الجوار أو النسب {والصاحب بالجنب} الرفيق في سفر أو صناعة وقيل الزوجة {وابن السبيل} المنقطع في سفره {وما ملكت أيمانكم} من الأرقاء {إن الله لا يحب من كان مختالا} متكبرا {فخورا} على الناس بما أوتي.
quran:4:37

Who are stingy and enjoin upon ˹other˺ people stinginess and conceal what Allah has given them of His bounty - and We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment -  

Those (alladhīna, the subject) who are niggardly, in their duty, and bid other people to be niggardly, in the same, and conceal what God has bestowed upon them of His bounty, in the way of knowledge and property: these are the Jews (the predicate of the ˹said˺ subject is ˹an implied˺ lahum wa‘īdun shadīd, ‘for them there is a promise of severe punishment’). And We have prepared for those that disbelieve, in this and other matters, a humbling chastisement, one of humiliation.
القرآن:٤:٣٧

الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ وَيَكْتُمُونَ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۗ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا  

{الذين} مبتدأ {يبخلون} بما يجب عليهم {ويأمرون الناس بالبخل} به {ويكتمون ما آتاهم الله من فضله} من العلم والمال وهم اليهود وخبر المبتدأ لهم وعيد شديد {وأعتدنا للكافرين} بذلك وبغيره {عذابا مهينا} ذا إهانة.
quran:4:38

And ˹also˺ those who spend of their wealth to be seen by the people and believe not in Allah nor in the Last Day. And he to whom Satan is a companion - then evil is he as a companion.  

And those (wa’lladhīna, a supplement to the previous alladhīna, ‘those’) who expend of their substance to show off to people, to be seen of them, and believe not in God and the Last Day, the likes of the hypocrites and the Meccans. Whoever has Satan for a comrade, for a companion, whose command he follows, as these do, then an evil comrade has he.
القرآن:٤:٣٨

وَالَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۗ وَمَنْ يَكُنِ الشَّيْطَانُ لَهُ قَرِينًا فَسَاءَ قَرِينًا  

{والذين} عطف على الذين قبله {ينفقون أموالهم رئاء الناس} مرائين لهم {ولا يؤمنون بالله ولا باليوم الآخر} كالمنافقين وأهل مكة {ومن يكن الشيطان له قرينا} صاحبا يعمل بأمره كهؤلاء {فساء} بئس {قرينا} هو.
quran:4:39

And what ˹harm would come˺ upon them if they believed in Allah and the Last Day and spent out of what Allah provided for them? And Allah is ever, about them, Knowing.  

And what burden is on them if they were to believe in God and the Last Day, and expend of what God has provided them?, that is to say, what harm would this cause them? In other words, there is no harm therein. Rather, harm lies in what they follow (the interrogative is meant as a disavowal; the law ˹of law āmanū, ‘if they were to believe’˺ conveys the sense of the verbal noun ˹sc. mādhā ‘alayhim īmānuhum, ‘what burden would their belief be upon them?’˺). God is ever Aware of them, and will requite them for what they have done.
القرآن:٤:٣٩

وَمَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَنْفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا  

{وماذا عليهم لو آمنوا بالله واليوم الآخر وأنفقوا مما رزقهم الله} أي أيّ ضرر عليهم في ذلك والاستفهام للإنكار ولو مصدرية أي لا ضرر فيه وإنما الضرر فيما هم عليه {وكان الله بهم عليما} فيجازيهم بما عملوا.
quran:4:40

Indeed, Allah does not do injustice, ˹even˺ as much as an atom's weight; while if there is a good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.  

Surely God shall not wrong, anyone, so much as the weight of an atom, ˹the weight of˺ the smallest ant, by diminishing thereby a person’s good deeds or increase thereby his evil deeds; and if it, the atom, be a good deed (in taku hasanatan, ‘if it be a good deed’, is also read in taku hasanatun, in which case the kāna ˹construction˺ is ˹syntactically˺ complete), from a believer, He will double it (yudā‘ifuhā, also read yuda‘‘ifuhā), from ten times up to more than seven hundred times, and give from Himself, in addition to the doubling, a great wage, that no one can estimate.
القرآن:٤:٤٠

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ ۖ وَإِنْ تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَاعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِنْ لَدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا  

{إن الله لا يظلم} أحدا {مثقال} وزن {ذرَّة} أصغر نملة بأن ينقصها من حسناته أو يزيدها في سيئاته {وإن تك} الذرة {حسنة} من مؤمن وفي قراءة بالرفع فكان تامة {يضاعفها} من عشر إلى أكثر من سبعمائة وفي قراءة يضعفها بالتشديد {ويؤت من لدنه} من عنده مع المضاعفة {أجرا عظيما} لا يقدِّره أحد.
quran:4:41

So how ˹will it be˺ when We bring from every nation a witness and we bring you, ˹O Muhammad˺ against these ˹people˺ as a witness?  

So how shall it be, the predicament of the disbelievers, when We bring forward from every community a witness, to testify against it regarding its deeds, and this shall be its prophet; and We bring you, O Muhammad (s), as witness against these?
القرآن:٤:٤١

فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِنْ كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ عَلَىٰ هَٰؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا  

{فكيف} حال الكفـار {إذا جئنا من كل أمة بشهيد} يشهد عليها بعملها وهو نبيها {وجئنا بك} يا محمد {على هؤلاء شهيدا}.
quran:4:42

That Day, those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish they could be covered by the earth. And they will not conceal from Allah a ˹single˺ statement.  

Upon that day, the day of bringing forward; the disbelievers, those who have disobeyed the Messenger, will wish that (law, ‘if’, means an, ‘that’) the earth might be levelled with them (read passive tusawwā, or active tasawwā, or tassawwā), so that like it they might also become dust, ˹and this is˺ because of the terror of that day, as is stated in another verse: The disbeliever shall say, ‘O would that I were dust!’ ˹Q. 78:40˺. And they will not hide from God any talk, of what they did, although at another stage they do actually hide it and say, ‘By God, our Lord, we never associated anything with You’ ˹Q. 6:23˺.
القرآن:٤:٤٢

يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَعَصَوُا الرَّسُولَ لَوْ تُسَوَّىٰ بِهِمُ الْأَرْضُ وَلَا يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثًا  

{يومئذ} يوم المجيء {يود الذين كفروا وعصوا الرَّسول لو} أي أن {تُسَوَّى} بالبناء للمفعول والفاعل مع حذف إحدى التاءين في الأصل ومع إدغامها في السين أي تتسوى {بهم الأرض} بأن يكونوا ترابا مثلها لعظم هوله كما في آية أخرى (ويقول الكافر يا ليتنى كنت ترابا) {ولا يكتمون الله حديثا} عما عملوه وفي وقت آخر يكتمونه ويقولون (والله ربِّنا ما كنا مشركين).
quran:4:43

O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying or in a state of janabah, except those passing through ˹a place of prayer˺, until you have washed ˹your whole body˺. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands ˹with it˺. Indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.  

O you who believe, draw not near to prayer, that is, do not perform prayer, whilst you are inebriated, by a drink: this was revealed concerning being drunk during the congregational prayer; until you know what you are saying, when you have sobered up; nor whilst you are defiled, as a result of ˹sexual˺ penetration or ejaculation (junuban, ‘defiled’, is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier, and may be used to refer to the singular or plural) — unless you are traversing, crossing, a way, a route, that is, ˹unless˺ you are travelling — until you have washed yourselves, in which case you may perform prayer: a proviso is made for the traveller because a different stipulation applies to him, as will follow. It is said that the purpose ˹of this verse˺ is to prohibit the approach to places of prayer, that is, mosques, the exception being if one were merely passing through and not staying. But if you are sick, with an illness made worse by ˹contact with˺ water, or on a journey, that is, ˹or˺ travelling whilst you are ˹ritually˺ defiled or impure, or if any of you comes from the privy (al-ghā’it), a place designated for relieving nature, that is to say, ˹or if any of you˺ have defecated, or you have touched women (lāmastum, a variant reading has lamastum: both mean lams, that is, ‘touching with the hand’, as stated by Ibn ‘Umar; this is also the opinion of al-Shāfi‘ī, and it extends to touching with other parts of the skin; according to Ibn ‘Abbās, however, it is ˹referring to˺ sexual intercourse); and you can find no water, with which to purify yourselves for prayer, having made the effort to seek it out and search for it — the sick being exempt in this case — then resort to, seek, when the time ˹for the prayer˺ has commenced, wholesome soil, clean earth, strike it twice, and wipe your faces and your hands, with it, up to the elbows (the verb masaha, ‘to wipe’, may stand on its own with a direct object or take a particle ˹before the direct object, sc. masaha bi-˺). God is ever Pardoning, Forgiving.
القرآن:٤:٤٣

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغْتَسِلُوا ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تقربوا الصلاة} أي لا تصلوا {وأنتم سكارى} من الشراب لأن سبب نزولها صلاة جماعة في حال سكر {حتى تعلموا ما تقولون} بأن تصْحوا {ولا جُنُبا} بإيلاج أو إنزال ونصبه على الحال وهو يطلق على المفرد وغيره {إلا عابري} مجتازي {سبيل} طريق أي مسافرين {حتى تغتسلوا} فلكم أن تصلوا واستثناء المسافر لأن له حكما آخر سيأتي وقيل المراد النهي عن قربان مواضع الصلاة أي المساجد إلا عبورها من غير مكث {وإن كنتم مرضى} مرضا يضره الماء {أو على سفر} أي مسافرين وأنتم جنب أو محدثون {أو جاء أحد منكم من الغائط} هو المكان المعَدُّ لقضاء الحاجة أي أحدث {أو لامستم النساء} وفي قراءة بلا ألف وكلاهما بمعنى اللمس هو الجَسُّ باليد قاله ابن عمر وعليه الشافعى وألحق به الجس بباقي البشرة وعن ابن عباس هو الجماع {فلم تجدوا ماءً} تتطهرون به للصلاة بعد الطلب والتفتيش وهو راجع إلى ما عدا المرضى {فتيمموا} اقصدوا بعد دخول الوقت {صعيدا طيبا} ترابا طاهرا فاضربوا به ضربتين {فامسحوا بوجوهكم وأيديكم} مع المرفقين منه ومسح يتعدى بنفسه وبالحرف {إن الله كان عفوا غفورا}.
quran:4:44

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, purchasing error ˹in exchange for it˺ and wishing you would lose the way?  

Have you not seen those who were given a share, a portion, of the Book, namely, the Jews, purchasing error, with guidance, and desiring that you should err from the way?, that you should stray from the path of truth and be like them.
القرآن:٤:٤٤

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ يَشْتَرُونَ الضَّلَالَةَ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا السَّبِيلَ  

{ألم تر إلى الذين أوتوا نصيبا} حظا {من الكتاب} وهم اليهود {يشترون الضلالة} بالهدى {ويريدون أن تضلوا السبيل} تخطئوا الطريق الحق لتكونوا مثلهم.
quran:4:45

And Allah is most knowing of your enemies; and sufficient is Allah as an ally, and sufficient is Allah as a helper.  

God has better knowledge of your enemies, than you do, and He informs you of them in order that you avoid them. God suffices as a Protector, a Preserver of you from them, God suffices as a Helper, defending you against their plotting.
القرآن:٤:٤٥

وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِأَعْدَائِكُمْ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ نَصِيرًا  

{والله أعلم بأعدائكم} منكم فيخبركم بهم لتجتنبوهم {وكفى بالله وليا} حافظا لكم منهم {وكفى بالله نصيرا} مانعا لكم من كيدهم.
quran:4:46

Among the Jews are those who distort words from their ˹proper˺ usages and say, "We hear and disobey" and "Hear but be not heard" and "Ra'ina," twisting their tongues and defaming the religion. And if they had said ˹instead˺, "We hear and obey" and "Wait for us ˹to understand˺," it would have been better for them and more suitable. But Allah has cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few.  

Some, group, from among the Jews distort, alter, the words, that God revealed in the Torah pertaining to the descriptions of Muhammad (s), from their contexts, those ˹contexts˺ in which they were placed, and they say, to the Prophet (s), when he commands them something, ‘We have heard, your words, and we disobey, your command; and hear as one who does not hear’ (wa’sma‘ ghayr musma‘in is a circumstantial qualifier, functioning as an invocation, in other words, ‘And may you not hear!’) and, they say to him, ‘Mind us’ (rā‘inā), ˹a term˺ with which it had been forbidden to address him, being a curse word in their language; twisting, distorting, with their tongues and slandering, defaming, religion, Islam. If they had said, ‘We have heard and obey’, instead of ‘And we disobey’, and, only, ‘Hear’, and ‘Consider us,’ (unzur ilaynā) instead of rā‘inā, it would have been better for them, than what they said, and more upright, more just than that, but God has cursed them, removing them from His mercy, for their unbelief, so they believe not except a few, among them, such as ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and his companions.
القرآن:٤:٤٦

مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَاسْمَعْ غَيْرَ مُسْمَعٍ وَرَاعِنَا لَيًّا بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَطَعْنًا فِي الدِّينِ ۚ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَاسْمَعْ وَانْظُرْنَا لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَأَقْوَمَ وَلَٰكِنْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا  

{من الذين هادوا} قوم {يحِّرفون} يغيرون {الكلم} الذي أنزل الله في التوراة من نعت محمد ﷺ {عن مواضعه} التي وضع عليها {ويقولون} للنبي ﷺ إذا أمرهم بشيء {سمعنا} قولك {وعصينا} أمرك {واسمع غير مُسمع} حال بمعنى الدعاء أي لا سمعت {و} يقولون له {راعنا} وقد نهى عن خطابه وهي كلمة سب بلغتهم {ليٌا} تحريفا {بألسنتهم وطعنا} قدحا {في الدين} الإسلام {ولو أنهم قالوا سمعنا وأطعنا} بذل وعصينا {واسمع} فقط {وانظرنا} انظر إلينا بدل راعنا {لكان خيرا لهم} مما قالوه {وأقوم} أعدل منه {ولكن لعنهم الله} أبعدهم عن رحمته {بكفرهم فلا يؤمنون إلا قليلا} منهم كعبد الله بن سلام وأصحابه.
quran:4:47

O you who were given the Scripture, believe in what We have sent down ˹to Muhammad˺, confirming that which is with you, before We obliterate faces and turn them toward their backs or curse them as We cursed the sabbath-breakers. And ever is the decree of Allah accomplished.  

O you who have been given the Scripture, believe in what We have revealed, of the Qur’ān, confirming what is with you, of the Torah, before We obliterate faces, erasing the eyes, noses and eyebrows in them, and turn them inside out, and make them like the napes of the neck, a flat plate, or curse them, by transforming them into apes, as We cursed, ˹as˺ We transformed, those of the Sabbath, among them, and God’s command, His decree, is done: after this was revealed, ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām converted to Islam, and so it was said that this had been a conditional threat of punishment, so that when some of them converted to Islam, it ˹the threat˺ was lifted. It is also said that obliteration and transformation will take place before the rising of the Hour.
القرآن:٤:٤٧

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ آمِنُوا بِمَا نَزَّلْنَا مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَطْمِسَ وُجُوهًا فَنَرُدَّهَا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِهَا أَوْ نَلْعَنَهُمْ كَمَا لَعَنَّا أَصْحَابَ السَّبْتِ ۚ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا  

{يا أيها الذين أوتوا الكتاب آمنوا بما نزّلنا} من القرآن {مصدّقا لما معكم} من التوراة {من قبل أن نطمس وجوها} نمحو ما فيها من العين والأنف والحاجب {فنردها على أدبارها} فنجعلها كالأقفاء لوحا واحدا {أو نلعنهم} نمسخهم قردة {كما لعنَّا} مسخنا {أصحاب السبت} منهم {وكان أمر الله} قضاؤه {مفعولا} ولما نزلت أسلم عبد الله بن سلام فقيل كان وعيدا بشرط فلما أسلم به ببعضهم رفع وقيل يكون طمس ومسح قبل قيام الساعة.
quran:4:48

Indeed, Allah does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills. And he who associates others with Allah has certainly fabricated a tremendous sin.  

God forgives not that anything should be associated with Him. But He forgives other than, save, that, of sins, to whomever He wills, forgiveness for, by admitting him into Paradise without punishment. And whomever He wills of the believers He punishes for their sins, and then admits them into Paradise. Whoever associates anything with God, then he has indeed invented a tremendous, a great, sin.
القرآن:٤:٤٨

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ افْتَرَىٰ إِثْمًا عَظِيمًا  

{إن الله لا يغفر أن يُشرك} أي الإشراك {به ويغفر ما دون} سوى {ذلك} من الذنوب {لمن يشاء} المغفرة له بأن يدخله الجنة بلا عذاب ومن شاء عذّبه من المؤمنين بذنوبه ثم يدخله الجنة {ومن يشرك بالله فقد افترى إثما} ذنبا {عظيما} كبيرا.
quran:4:49

Have you not seen those who claim themselves to be pure? Rather, Allah purifies whom He wills, and injustice is not done to them, ˹even˺ as much as a thread ˹inside a date seed˺.  

Have you not seen those who praise themselves for purity? namely, the Jews, when they say, ‘We are God’s children and His beloved’, in other words, it is not a matter of their purifying themselves. Nay, God purifies whom He will, through faith, and they shall not be wronged, they shall not be diminished of their deeds, a single date-thread, as much as the peel on a date-stone.
القرآن:٤:٤٩

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ۚ بَلِ اللَّهُ يُزَكِّي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا  

{ألم تر إلى الذين يزكُون أنفسهم} وهم اليهود حيث قالوا نحن أبناء الله وأحباؤه أي ليس الأمر بتزكيتهم أنفسهم {بل الله يزكّي} يطهر {من يشاء} بالإيمان {ولا يُظلمون} ينقصون من أعمالهم {فتيلا} قدر قشرة النواة.
quran:4:50

Look how they invent about Allah untruth, and sufficient is that as a manifest sin.  

Consider, in amazement, how they invent falsehood against God, in that way, and that suffices for a clear, an evident, sin.
القرآن:٤:٥٠

انْظُرْ كَيْفَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ ۖ وَكَفَىٰ بِهِ إِثْمًا مُبِينًا  

{اُنظر} متعجبا {كيف يفترون على الله الكذب} بذلك {وكفى به إثما مبينا} بيِّنا.