4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

4.37 Fear God and not the people.

٤۔٣٧ مقطع في سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

quran:4:77

Have you not seen those who were told, "Restrain your hands ˹from fighting˺ and establish prayer and give zakah"? But then when fighting was ordained for them, at once a party of them feared men as they fear Allah or with ˹even˺ greater fear. They said, "Our Lord, why have You decreed upon us fighting? If only You had postponed ˹it for˺ us for a short time." Say, The enjoyment of this world is little, and the Hereafter is better for he who fears Allah. And injustice will not be done to you, ˹even˺ as much as a thread ˹inside a date seed˺."  

Have you not seen those to whom it was said, ‘Restrain your hands, from fighting the disbelievers when they desired it at Mecca, because of the harm the disbelievers had inflicted upon them — and these were a group from among the Companions — and establish the prayer, and pay the alms’? Then, as soon as fighting was prescribed, was made obligatory, for them, lo, a party of them fear people, the disbelievers, that is, ˹they fear˺ punishment at their hands through death, as they would fear, the punishment of, God, or with more fear, than their fear of Him (ashadda, ‘more’, is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier; the response to the lammā, ‘as soon as’, is indicated by idhā, ‘lo’, and what follows), in other words, they are taken aback by fear, and they said, frightened of death, ‘Our Lord, why have You prescribed fighting for us? Why not (lawlā is ˹to be understood as˺ hallā) defer us to a near term?’ Say, to them: ‘The enjoyment of this world, that which is enjoyed therein, or enjoying it ˹the world˺, is trifling, it will end up by perishing; and the Hereafter, Paradise, is better for him who fears God’s punishment by avoiding disobedience to Him; and you shall not be wronged (lā tuzlamūna, may also be read lā yuzlamūna, ‘they shall not be wronged’) you shall not be diminished of your deeds, a single date-thread, as much as the peel on a date-stone, so struggle ˹in the way of God˺.
القرآن:٤:٧٧

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً ۚ وَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا لِمَ كَتَبْتَ عَلَيْنَا الْقِتَالَ لَوْلَا أَخَّرْتَنَا إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ ۗ قُلْ مَتَاعُ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلٌ وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِمَنِ اتَّقَىٰ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا  

{ألم تر إلى الذين قيل لهم كفُّوا أيديكم} عن قتال الكفار لما طلبوه بمكة لأذى الكفار لهم وهم جماعة من الصحابة {وأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة فلما كُتب} فرض {عليهم القتال إذا فريق منهم يخشون} يخافون {الناس} الكفار، أي عذابهم بالقتل {كَخَشْيَتـ} ـهم عذاب {الله أو أشدَّ خشية} من خشيتهم له ونصب أشد على الحال وجواب لما دل عليه إذا وما بعدها أي فاجأتهم الخشية {وقالوا} جزعا من الموت {ربَنا لم كتبت علينا القتال لولا} هلاّ {أخَّرتنا إلى أجل قريب قل} لهم {متاعُ الدنيا} ما يتمتع به فيها أو الاستمتاع بها {قليل} آيل إلى الفناء {والآخرة} أي الجنة {خير لمن اتقى} عقاب الله بترك معصيته {ولا تُظلمون} بالتاء والياء تنقصون من أعمالكم {فتيلا} قدر قشرة النواة فجاهدوا.
quran:4:78

Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, even if you should be within towers of lofty construction. But if good comes to them, they say, "This is from Allah "; and if evil befalls them, they say, "This is from you." Say, "All ˹things˺ are from Allah." So what is ˹the matter˺ with those people that they can hardly understand any statement?  

Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, though you should be in raised-up, lofty, towers’, forts, so do not shrink from fighting for fear of death. And if a good thing, such as fertility and abundance, befalls them, the Jews, they say, ‘This is from God’; but if an evil thing, such as drought or misfortune, befalls them, as it did with them when the Prophet (s) arrived in Medina, they say, ‘This is from you’, O Muhammad (s), that is, from the bad luck ˹you bring˺. Say, to them: ‘Everything, good and evil, is from God.’ What is wrong with this people that they do not understand, that is, they do not come close to comprehending, any words, delivered to them (the mā, ‘what’ ˹of mā li-hā’ūlā’, ‘what is wrong with these’˺ is an interrogative intended to provoke amazement at their extreme ignorance; to state that one cannot even come close to doing something is ˹rhetorically˺ more intense than saying that he cannot do it).
القرآن:٤:٧٨

أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يُدْرِكْكُمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُرُوجٍ مُشَيَّدَةٍ ۗ وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ حَسَنَةٌ يَقُولُوا هَٰذِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ يَقُولُوا هَٰذِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ ۚ قُلْ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَالِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ لَا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ حَدِيثًا  

{أينما تكونوا يدرككُّم الموت ولو كنتم في بروج} حصون {مشيدة} مرتفعة فلا تخشوا القتال خوف الموت {وإن تصبهم} أي اليهود {حسنة} خصب وسعة {يقولوا هذه من عند الله وإن تصبهم سيئة} جدب وبلاء كما لهم عند قدوم النبي ﷺ المدينة {يقولوا هذه من عندك} يا محمد أي بشؤمك {قل} لهم {كل} من الحسنة والسيئة {من عند الله} من قبله {فمال هؤلاء القوم لا يكادون يفقهون} أي لا يقاربون أن يفهموا {حديثا} يُلقى إليهم وما استفهام تعجب من فرط جهلهم ونفي مقاربة الفعل أشد من نفيه.
quran:4:79

What comes to you of good is from Allah, but what comes to you of evil, ˹O man˺, is from yourself. And We have sent you, ˹O Muhammad˺, to the people as a messenger, and sufficient is Allah as Witness.  

Whatever good (hasana means khayr) befalls you, O man, it is from God, it has come to you from His bounty; whatever evil, misfortune, befalls you is from yourself, it has come to you as a necessary consequence of sins you have committed. We have sent you, O Muhammad (s), to people as a messenger (rasūlan, is a circumstantial qualifier for emphasis), and God suffices as Witness, of your Mission.
القرآن:٤:٧٩

مَا أَصَابَكَ مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَا أَصَابَكَ مِنْ سَيِّئَةٍ فَمِنْ نَفْسِكَ ۚ وَأَرْسَلْنَاكَ لِلنَّاسِ رَسُولًا ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا  

(ما أصابك) أيها الإنسان (من حسنة) خير (فمن الله) أتتك فضلا منه (وما أصابك من سيئة) بليَّة (فمن نفسك) أتتك حيث ارتكبت ما يستوجبها من الذنوب (وأرسلناك) يا محمد (للناس رسولا) حال مؤكدة (وكفى بالله شهيدا) على رسالتك.