4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

Qurʾān > Chapter 4 > Section 59
القرآن > كتاب ٤ > باب ٥٩

4.59 Jews are habitual sinners and violators of God's commandments. Jesus was neither killed nor crucified.

٤۔٥٩ مقطع في سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

quran:4:153 –

The People of the Scripture ask you to bring down to them a book from the heaven. But they had asked of Moses ˹even˺ greater than that and said, "Show us Allah outright," so the thunderbolt struck them for their wrongdoing. Then they took the calf ˹for worship˺ after clear evidences had come to them, and We pardoned that. And We gave Moses a clear authority.  

The People of the Scripture, the Jews, will ask of you, O Muhammad (s), to cause a Book to be revealed to them from the heaven, all at once, as was revealed to Moses, merely to harass ˹you˺. If you consider this shocking, then ˹know that˺, they, their forefathers, asked Moses for something greater than that, for they said, ‘Show us God openly’, before our eyes; so the thunderbolt, death, seized them, as punishment for them, for their evildoing, when they harassed him ˹Moses˺ with this demand. They then took to themselves the ˹golden˺ calf, for a god, after clear proofs, the miracles testifying to God’s Oneness, had come to them; yet We pardoned that, and did not annihilate them; and We bestowed upon Moses clear authority, evident and manifest sway over them, for when he commanded them to slay themselves in repentance, they obeyed him.
القرآن:٤:١٥٣ –

يَسْأَلُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَنْ تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ۚ فَقَدْ سَأَلُوا مُوسَىٰ أَكْبَرَ مِنْ ذَٰلِكَ فَقَالُوا أَرِنَا اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ بِظُلْمِهِمْ ۚ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذُوا الْعِجْلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ فَعَفَوْنَا عَنْ ذَٰلِكَ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ سُلْطَانًا مُبِينًا  

{يسألك} يا محمد {أهل الكتاب} اليهود {أن تنزِّل عليهم كتابا من السماء} جملة كما أنزل على موسى تعنتا فإن استكبرت ذلك {فقد سألوا} أي آباؤهم {موسى أكبر} أعظم {من ذلك فقالوا أرنا الله جهرة} عيانا {فأخذتهم الصاعقة} الموت عقابا لهم {بظلمهم} حيث تعتنوا في السؤال {ثم اتخذوا العجل} إلها {من بعد ما جاءتهم البينات} المعجزات على وحدانية الله {فعفونا عن ذلك} ولم نستأصلهم {وآتينا موسى سلطانا مبينا} تسلطا بينا ظاهرا عليهم حيث أمرهم بقتل أنفسهم توبة فأطاعوه.
quran:4:154 –

And We raised over them the mount for ˹refusal of˺ their covenant; and We said to them, "Enter the gate bowing humbly", and We said to them, "Do not transgress on the sabbath", and We took from them a solemn covenant.  

And We raised above them the Mount, by the covenant with them, that is, on account of the covenant made with them, that they might fear, and so they accepted it; and We said to them, while it cast a shadow ˹hovering˺ above them: ‘Enter the gate, the gate of the town, bowing’; and We said to them, ‘Transgress not (a variant reading ˹of lā ta‘dū˺ is lā ta‘addū, where the original tā’ ˹of lā tata‘addū˺ is assimilated with the dāl, in other words ˹it is similar in meaning to˺ lā ta‘tadū, ‘do not act unjustly ˹in˺’) the Sabbath’, by fishing during it, and We took from them a firm covenant, over this, but they broke it.
القرآن:٤:١٥٤ –

وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ الطُّورَ بِمِيثَاقِهِمْ وَقُلْنَا لَهُمُ ادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ لَا تَعْدُوا فِي السَّبْتِ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُمْ مِيثَاقًا غَلِيظًا  

{ورفعنا فوقهم الطور} الجبل {بميثاقهم} بسبب أخذ الميثاق عليهم ليخافوا فقبلوه {وقلنا لهم} وهو مُظلِّ عليهم {ادخلوا الباب} باب القرية {سجدا} سجود انحناء {وقلنا لهم لا تعدوا} وفي قراءة بفتح العين وتشديد الدال وفيه إدغام التاء في الأصل في الدال أي لا تعدوا {في السبت} باصطياد الحيتان فيه {وأخذنا منهم ميثاقا غليظا} على ذلك فنقضوه.
quran:4:155 –

And ˹We cursed them˺ for their breaking of the covenant and their disbelief in the signs of Allah and their killing of the prophets without right and their saying, "Our hearts are wrapped". Rather, Allah has sealed them because of their disbelief, so they believe not, except for a few.  

So, for their breaking (fa-bi-mā naqdihim: the mā is extra; the bā’ is causative and connected to a missing element ˹such as sabab, ‘reason’˺, in other words ˹it should be understood as˺ la‘annāhum bi-sabab naqdihim, ‘We cursed them for the reason of their breaking’) their covenant and disbelieving in the signs of God, and slaying the prophets wrongfully, and for their saying, to the Prophet (s): ‘Our hearts are covered up’, and cannot grasp what you say — nay, but God sealed them for their disbelief, and so they cannot heed any admonition; so they do not believe, except for a few, among them, like ‘Abd Allāh b. Salām and his companions.
القرآن:٤:١٥٥ –

فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَكُفْرِهِمْ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَقَتْلِهِمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ ۚ بَلْ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا  

{فبما نقضهم} ما زائدة والباء للسببية متعلقة بمحذوف، أي لعناهم بسبب نقضهم {ميثاقهم وكفرهم بآيات الله وقتلهم الأنبياء بغير حق وقولهم} للنبي ﷺ {قلوبنا غلف} لا تعي كلامك {بل طبع} ختم {الله عليها بكفرهم} فلا تعي وعظا {فلا يؤمنون إلا قليلا} منهم كعبد الله بن سلام وأصحابه.
quran:4:156 –

And ˹We cursed them˺ for their disbelief and their saying against Mary a great slander,  

And for their disbelief, a second time, in Jesus (the bā’ ˹of bi-kufrihim, ‘for their disbelief’˺ is repeated in order to separate it ˹‘their disbelief’ in Jesus˺ from what is supplemented to it ˹‘their utterance against Mary’˺) and their uttering against Mary a tremendous calumny, when they accused her of fornication.
القرآن:٤:١٥٦ –

وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا  

{وبكفرهم} ثانيا بعيسى وكرر الباء للفصل بينه وبين ما عطف عليه {وقولهم على مريم بهتانا عظيما} حيث رموها بالزنا.
quran:4:157 –

And ˹for˺ their saying, "Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah." And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but ˹another˺ was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain.  

And for their saying, boastfully, ‘We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messenger of God’, as they claim: in other words, for all of these ˹reasons˺ We have punished them. God, exalted be He, says, in repudiating their claim to have killed him: And yet they did not slay him nor did they crucify him, but he, the one slain and crucified, who was an associate of theirs ˹the Jews˺, was given the resemblance, of Jesus. In other words, God cast his ˹Jesus’s˺ likeness to him and so they thought it was him ˹Jesus˺. And those who disagree concerning him, that is, concerning Jesus, are surely in doubt regarding, the slaying of, him, for some of them said, when they saw the slain man: the face is that of Jesus, but the body is not his, and so it is not he; and others said: no, it is he. They do not have any knowledge of, the slaying of, him, only the pursuit of conjecture (illā ittibā‘a l-zann, is a discontinuous exception) in other words: ‘instead, they follow conjecture regarding him, that which they imagined ˹they saw˺’; and they did not slay him for certain (yaqīnan, a circumstantial qualifier emphasising the denial of the slaying).
القرآن:٤:١٥٧ –

وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَٰكِنْ شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ ۚ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِنْهُ ۚ مَا لَهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَّا اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ ۚ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا  

{وقولهم} مفتخرين {إنا قتلنا المسيح عيسى بن مريم رسول الله} في زعمهم، أي بمجموع ذلك عذبناهم قال تعالى تكذيبا لهم في قتله {وما قتلوه وما صلبوه ولكن شبه لهم} المقتول والمصلوب وهو صاحبهم بعيسى، أي ألقى الله عليه شبهه فظنوه إياه {وإن الذين اختلفوا فيه} أي في عيسى {لفي شك منه} من قتله حيث قال بعضهم لما رأوا المقتول الوجه وجه عيسى والجسد ليس بجسده فليس به، وقال آخرون: بل هو هو {ما لهم به} بقتله {من علم إلا اتباع الظن} استثناء منقطع، أي لكن يتبعون فيه الظن الذي تخيلوه {وما قتلوه يقينا} حال مؤكدة تنفي القتل.
quran:4:158 –

Rather, Allah raised him to Himself. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise.  

Nay, God raised him up to Him. God is ever Mighty, in His kingdom, Wise, in His actions.
القرآن:٤:١٥٨ –

بَلْ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا  

{بل رفعه الله إليه وكان الله عزيزا} في ملكه {حكيما} في صنعه.
quran:4:159 –

And there is none from the People of the Scripture but that he will surely believe in Jesus before his death. And on the Day of Resurrection he will be against them a witness.  

And there is not one of the People of the Scripture but will assuredly believe in him, in Jesus, before his death, that is, ˹before the death˺ of one belonging to the People of the Scripture upon seeing the angels of death with his very eyes, at which point his faith will not profit him; or ˹it means˺ before the death of Jesus, after he descends at the approach of the Hour, as is stated in hadīth; and on the Day of Resurrection he, Jesus, will be a witness against them, of what they did when he was sent to them.
القرآن:٤:١٥٩ –

وَإِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ ۖ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا  

{وإنْ} ما {من أهل الكتاب} أحَد {إلا ليؤمنن به} بعيسى {قبل موته} أي الكتابي حين يعاين ملائكة الموت فلا ينفعه إيمانه أو قبل موت عيسى لما ينزل قرب الساعة كما ورد في حديث {ويوم القيامة يكون} عيسى {شهيدا} بما فعلوه لما بعث إليهم.