4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

4.7 Laws of inheritance.

٤۔٧ مقطع في سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

quran:4:7

For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much - an obligatory share.  

The following was revealed as a repudiation of pre-Islamic practices in which women and children were not given any inheritance: To the men, young ones and kin, belongs a share, a portion, of what, deceased, parents and kinsmen leave, and to the women belongs a share of what parents and kinsmen leave, whether it, the property, be little or much. God has made it, an obligatory share, apportioned, to be given to them.
القرآن:٤:٧

لِلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ ۚ نَصِيبًا مَفْرُوضًا  

ونزل ردا لما كان عليه في الجاهلية من عدم توريث النساء والصغار: {للرجال} الأولاد والأقرباء {نصيب} حظٌ {مما ترك الوالدان والأقربون} المتوفون {وللنساء نصيب مما ترك الوالدان والأقربون مما قلَّ منه} أي المال {أو كثر} جعله الله {نصيبا مفروضا} مقطوعا بتسليمه إليهم.
quran:4:8

And when ˹other˺ relatives and orphans and the needy are present at the ˹time of˺ division, then provide for them ˹something˺ out of the estate and speak to them words of appropriate kindness.  

And when the division, of the inheritance, is attended by kinsmen, those of kinship who cannot inherit, and orphans and the poor, grant them, something, out of it, before the division ˹is effected˺; and, if the inheritors are young, speak to them, O guardians, honourable words, kindly, by apologising to them that it is not your possession ˹to divide as you wish˺, but that it is for the young ˹inheritors˺. Some say that this ˹stipulation˺ was abrogated; others say that it was not, only that people were all too readily neglecting it, since it was encouraged ˹but not prescribed˺. According to Ibn ‘Abbās, however, it is a duty.
القرآن:٤:٨

وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَىٰ وَالْيَتَامَىٰ وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا  

{وإذا حضر القسمة} للميراث {أولوا القربى} ذوو القرابة ممن لا يرث {واليتامى والمساكين فارزقوهم منه} شيئا قبل القسمة {وقولوا} أيها الأولياء {لهم} إذا كان الورثة صغارا {قولا معروفا} جميلا بأن تعتذروا إليهم أنكم لا تملكونه وأنه للصغار وهذا قيل إنه منسوخ وقيل لا ولكن تهاون الناس في تركه وعليه فهو ندب وعن ابن عباس واجب.
quran:4:9

And let those ˹executors and guardians˺ fear ˹injustice˺ as if they ˹themselves˺ had left weak offspring behind and feared for them. So let them fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice.  

And let them fear, let them be concerned for the orphans, those who, if they, are about to, leave behind them, that is, after their death, weak offspring, young children, would be afraid for them; that they be ruined; let them fear God, in the matter concerning orphans, and let them give what they would love for their own offspring after their death; and speak, to the one approached by death, pertinent words, the right ˹words˺, by enjoining him to give as voluntary almsgiving no more than the third ˹of the inheritance˺, and leave the remainder for the ones inheriting, so that they do not end up as dependants.
القرآن:٤:٩

وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا  

{ولْيخش} أي ليخف على اليتامى {الذين لو تركوا} أي قاربوا أن يتركوا {من خلفهم} أي بعد موتهم {ذرية ضعافا} أولاد صغارا {خافوا عليهم} الضياع {فليتقوا الله} في أمر اليتامى وليأتوا إليهم ما يحبون أن يفعل بذريتهم من بعدهم {ولْيقولوا} للميت {قولا سديدا} صوابا بأن يأمروه أن يتصدق بدون ثلثه ويدع الباقي لورثته ولا يتركهم عالة.
quran:4:10

Indeed, those who devour the property of orphans unjustly are only consuming into their bellies fire. And they will be burned in a Blaze.  

Those who consume the property of orphans unjustly, without any right, are only consuming, the whole of it as, fire in their bellies, because that is where such ˹action˺ leads, and they shall be exposed to (read active yaslawna, or passive yuslawna), that is, they shall enter, a blaze, an intense fire, in which they shall burn.
القرآن:٤:١٠

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَىٰ ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا ۖ وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا  

{إن الذين يأكلون أموال اليتامى ظلما} بغير حق {إنما يأكلون في بطونهم} أي ملأها {نارا} لأنه يؤول إليها {وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ} بالبناء للفاعل والمفعول يدخلون {سعيرا} نارا شديدة يحترقون فيها.