4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

4.53 Establishment of justice for women.

٤۔٥٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

quran:4:127

And they request from you, ˹O Muhammad˺, a ˹legal˺ ruling concerning women. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling about them and ˹about˺ what has been recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is decreed for them - and ˹yet˺ you desire to marry them - and concerning the oppressed among children and that you maintain for orphans ˹their rights˺ in justice." And whatever you do of good - indeed, Allah is ever Knowing of it.  

They will ask you for a pronouncement concerning, the matter of, women, and their inheritance. Say, to them: ‘God pronounces to you concerning them, and what is recited to you in the Book, the Qur’ān, in the ‘inheritance’ verse ˹Q. 4:11˺, and He also pronounces to you, concerning the orphan women to whom you do not give what is prescribed, ˹what˺ is obligatory, for them, of inheritance, for you, O guardians, ˹who˺ desire, not, to marry them, because of their ugliness, and you prevent them from marrying ˹others˺, coveting their inheritance: in other words, God pronounces to you not to do this; and, concerning, the oppressed, young, children, that you give them what is their due, and, He also commands you, that you deal justly, equitably, with orphans, with respect to inheritance and dowry. Whatever good you do, God is ever Knower of it’, and He will requite you for it.
القرآن:٤:١٢٧

وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ ۖ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الْوِلْدَانِ وَأَنْ تَقُومُوا لِلْيَتَامَىٰ بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِهِ عَلِيمًا  

{ويستفتونك} يطلبون منك الفتوي {في} شأن {النساء} وميراثهن {قل} لهم {الله يفتيكم فيهن وما يتلى عليكم في الكتاب} القرآن من آية الميراث ويفتيكم أيضا {في يتامى النساء اللاتي لا تؤتونهن ما كتب} فرض {لهن} من الميراث {وترغبون} أيها الأولياء عن {أن تنكحوهن} لدمامتهن وتعضلوهن أن يتزوجن طمعا في ميراثهن أي يفتيكم أن لا تفعلوا ذلك {و} في {المستضعفين} الصغار {ومن الولدان} أن تعطوهم حقوقهم {و} يأمركم {أن تقوموا لليتامى بالقسط} بالعدل في الميراث والمهر {وما تفعلوا من خير فإن الله كان به عليما} فيجازيكم به.
quran:4:128

And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there is no sin upon them if they make terms of settlement between them - and settlement is best. And present in ˹human˺ souls is stinginess. But if you do good and fear Allah - then indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.  

And if a woman (wa-in imra’atun is in the nominative because of ˹it being the subject of˺ the explicative verb ˹that follows˺) fears, anticipates, from her husband ill-treatment, if he looks down on her by refraining to sleep with her or by not maintaining her adequately, because he is averse to her and aspires to one more beautiful than her, or rejection, turning his face away from her, they are not at fault if they are reconciled through some agreement, in terms of shares and maintenance expenses, so that she concedes something to him in return for continuing companionship; if she agrees to this ˹then that is fine˺, but if ˹she does˺ not, then the husband must either give her all her due, or part with her (an yassālahā, ‘they reconcile’: the original tā’ ˹of yatasālahā˺ has been assimilated with the sād; a variant reading has an yuslihā, from ˹the fourth form˺ aslaha); reconciliation is better, than separation, ill-treatment or rejection. God, exalted be He, in explaining the natural disposition of man, says: But greed has been made present in the souls (al-shuhh is extreme niggardliness), meaning that they have a natural propensity for this, as if they ˹the souls˺ are ever in its presence, never absent from it. The meaning is: a woman would scarcely allow ˹another˺ to share her husband with her, and a man would scarcely allow her ˹to enjoy˺ him if he were to fall in love with another. If you are virtuous, in your conjugal life with women, and fear, being unjust to them, surely God is ever aware of what you do, and He will requite you for it.
القرآن:٤:١٢٨

وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا ۚ وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ ۗ وَأُحْضِرَتِ الْأَنْفُسُ الشُّحَّ ۚ وَإِنْ تُحْسِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا  

{وإن امرأة} مرفوع بفعل يفسره {خافت} توقعت {من بعلها} زوجها {نشوزا} ترفعا عليها بترك مضاجتعها والتقصير في نفقتها لبغضها وطموح عينه إلى أجمل منها {أو إعراضا} عنها بوجهه {فلا جُناح عليهما أن يَصَّالَحَا} فيه إدغام التاء في الأصل في الصاد وفي قراءة يصلحا من أصلح {بينهما صلحا} في القسم والنفقة بأن تترك له شيئا طلبا لبقاء الصحبة فإن رضيت بذلك والإ فعلى الزوج أن يوفيها حقها أو يفارقها {والصلح خير} من الفرقة والنشوز والإعراض قال تعالى في بيان ما جبل عليه الإنسان {وأحضرت الأنفس الشح} شدة البخل أي جبلت عليه فكأنها حاضرته لا تغيب عنه، المعنى أن المرأة لا تكاد تسمح بنصيبها من زوجها والرجل لا يكاد يسمح عليها بنفسه إذا أحب غيرها {وإن تحسنوا} عشرة النساء {وتتقوا} الجور عليهن {فإن الله كان بما تعملون خبيرا} فيجازيكم به.
quran:4:129

And you will never be able to be equal ˹in feeling˺ between wives, even if you should strive ˹to do so˺. So do not incline completely ˹toward one˺ and leave another hanging. And if you amend ˹your affairs˺ and fear Allah - then indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.  

You will never be able to be just to, to treat equally, your wives, in terms of love, even if you be eager, for this; yet do not turn altogether away, towards the one you love with respect to the shares and maintenance expenses, so that you leave her, the one from whom you turn away, like one suspended, one that is neither a slavegirl nor a woman with a husband. If you set things right, by being just with the shares, and fear, injustice, surely God is ever Forgiving, regarding the inclination in your hearts, Merciful, to you in this respect.
القرآن:٤:١٢٩

وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ حَرَصْتُمْ ۖ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ ۚ وَإِنْ تُصْلِحُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

{ولن تستطيعوا أن تعدلوا} تسووا {بين النساء} في المحبة {ولو حرصتم} على ذلك {فلا تميلوا كل الميل} إلى التي تحبونها في القسم والنفقة {فتذروها} أي تتركوا الممال عنها {كالمعلَّقة} التي لا هي أيم ولا هي ذات بعل {وإن تصلحوا} بالعدل بالقسم {وتتقوا} الجور {فإن الله كان غفورا} لما في قلبكم من الميل {رحيما} بكم في ذلك.
quran:4:130

But if they separate ˹by divorce˺, Allah will enrich each ˹of them˺ from His abundance. And ever is Allah Encompassing and Wise.  

But if they, the married couple, separate, by way of divorce, God will compensate each of them, ˹from the need˺ of the other, out of His plenty, that is, out of His bounty, by giving her another as husband, and giving him another as wife. God is ever Embracing, of His creatures in bounty, Wise, in what He has ordained for them.
القرآن:٤:١٣٠

وَإِنْ يَتَفَرَّقَا يُغْنِ اللَّهُ كُلًّا مِنْ سَعَتِهِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ وَاسِعًا حَكِيمًا  

{وإن يتفرقا} أي الزوجان بالطلاق {يُغن الله كلا} عن صاحبه {من سعته} أي فضله بأن يرزقها زوجا غيره ويرزقه غيرها {وكان الله واسعا} لخلقه في الفضل {حكيما} فيما دبره لهم.