4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

4.23 Men are overseers over women. Corrective measures for disobedient women. Arbitration in family disputes.

٤۔٢٣ مقطع في سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

quran:4:34

Men are in charge of women by ˹right of˺ what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend ˹for maintenance˺ from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in ˹the husband's˺ absence what Allah would have them guard. But those ˹wives˺ from whom you fear arrogance - ˹first˺ advise them; ˹then if they persist˺, forsake them in bed; and ˹finally˺, strike them. But if they obey you ˹once more˺, seek no means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand.  

Men are in charge of, they have authority over, women, disciplining them and keeping them in check, because of that with which God has preferred the one over the other, that is, because God has given them the advantage over women, in knowledge, reason, authority and otherwise, and because of what they expend, on them ˹the women˺, of their property. Therefore righteous women, among them, are obedient, to their husbands, guarding in the unseen, that is, ˹guarding˺ their private parts and otherwise during their spouses’ absence, because of what God has guarded, for them, when He enjoined their male spouses to look after them well. And those you fear may be rebellious, disobedient to you, when such signs appear, admonish them, make them fear God, and share not beds with them, retire to other beds if they manifest such disobedience, and strike them, but not violently, if they refuse to desist ˹from their rebellion˺ after leaving them ˹in separate beds˺. If they then obey you, in what is desired from them, do not seek a way against them, a reason to strike them unjustly. God is ever High, Great, so beware of Him, lest He punish you for treating them unjustly.
القرآن:٤:٣٤

الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنْفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ۚ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا  

{الرِّجال قوَّامون} مسلطون {على النساء} يؤدبونهن ويأخذون على أيديهن {بما فضَّل الله بعضهم على بعض} أي بتفضيله لهم عليهن بالعلم والعقل والولاية وغير ذلك {وبما أنفقوا} عليهن {من أموالهم فالصالحات} منهن {قانتات} مطيعات لأزواجهن {حافظات للغيب} أي لفروجهن وغيرها في غيبة أزواجهن {بما حفظ} لهن {اللهُ} حيث أوصى عليهن الأزواج {والَّتي تخافون نشوزهن} عصيانهن لكم بأن ظهرت أمارته {فعظوهن} فخوِّفوهن الله {واهجروهن في المضاجع} اعتزلوا إلى فراش آخر إن أظهرن النشوز {واضربوهن} ضربا غير مبرح إن لم يرجعن بالهجران {فإن أطعنكم} فيما يراد منهن {فلا تبغوا} تطلبوا {عليهن سبيلا} طريقا إلى ضربهن ظلما {إن الله كان عليا كبيرا} فاحذروه أن يعاقبكم إن ظلمتموهن.
quran:4:35

And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will cause it between them. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Acquainted ˹with all things˺.  

And if you fear, become aware of, a breach, a dispute, between the two, the married couple (the genitive construction shiqāqa baynihimā, ‘˹any˺ breach between the two’, is for a range ˹of alternatives˺, in other words: shiqāqan baynihimā ˹is the normal construction˺) send forth, for them with their consent, an arbiter, a just man, from his folk, his kinsmen, and an arbiter from her folk: the husband delegates to his arbiter the ˹matter of˺ divorce or the acceptance of compensation in its place, while she delegates to her arbiter the ˹matter of˺ separation. The two arbiters do their best and bid the one guilty of the injustice to desist, or they suggest separation if they see fit. God, exalted be He, says, if they, the two arbiters, desire to set things right, God will grant them, the married couple, success, determining for them what constitutes ˹an act of˺ obedience, be it reconciliation or separation. Surely God is ever Knower, of everything, Aware, of what is hidden and what is manifested.
القرآن:٤:٣٥

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًا  

{وإن خفتم} علمتم {شقاق} خلاف {بينهما} بين الزوجين والإضافة للاتساع أي شقاقا بينهما {فابعثوا} إليهما برضاهما {حكما} رجلا عدلا {من أهله} أقاربه {وحكما من أهلها} ويوكل الزوج حكمه في طلاق وقبول عوض عليه وتوكل هي حكمها في الاختلاع فيجتهدان ويأمران الظالم بالرجوع أو يُفَرِّقَان إن رأياه، قال تعالى: {إن يريدا} أي الحكمان {إصلاحا يوفِّق الله بينهما} بين الزوجين أي يقدرهما على ما هو الطاعة من إصلاح أو فراق {إن الله كان عليما} بكل شيء {خبيرا} بالبواطن كالظواهر.