4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

4.26 Prohibition of drinking liquor - second order. Tayammūm - a substitute for ablution.

٤۔٢٦ مقطع في سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

quran:4:43

O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying or in a state of janabah, except those passing through ˹a place of prayer˺, until you have washed ˹your whole body˺. And if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and find no water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands ˹with it˺. Indeed, Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.  

O you who believe, draw not near to prayer, that is, do not perform prayer, whilst you are inebriated, by a drink: this was revealed concerning being drunk during the congregational prayer; until you know what you are saying, when you have sobered up; nor whilst you are defiled, as a result of ˹sexual˺ penetration or ejaculation (junuban, ‘defiled’, is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier, and may be used to refer to the singular or plural) — unless you are traversing, crossing, a way, a route, that is, ˹unless˺ you are travelling — until you have washed yourselves, in which case you may perform prayer: a proviso is made for the traveller because a different stipulation applies to him, as will follow. It is said that the purpose ˹of this verse˺ is to prohibit the approach to places of prayer, that is, mosques, the exception being if one were merely passing through and not staying. But if you are sick, with an illness made worse by ˹contact with˺ water, or on a journey, that is, ˹or˺ travelling whilst you are ˹ritually˺ defiled or impure, or if any of you comes from the privy (al-ghā’it), a place designated for relieving nature, that is to say, ˹or if any of you˺ have defecated, or you have touched women (lāmastum, a variant reading has lamastum: both mean lams, that is, ‘touching with the hand’, as stated by Ibn ‘Umar; this is also the opinion of al-Shāfi‘ī, and it extends to touching with other parts of the skin; according to Ibn ‘Abbās, however, it is ˹referring to˺ sexual intercourse); and you can find no water, with which to purify yourselves for prayer, having made the effort to seek it out and search for it — the sick being exempt in this case — then resort to, seek, when the time ˹for the prayer˺ has commenced, wholesome soil, clean earth, strike it twice, and wipe your faces and your hands, with it, up to the elbows (the verb masaha, ‘to wipe’, may stand on its own with a direct object or take a particle ˹before the direct object, sc. masaha bi-˺). God is ever Pardoning, Forgiving.
القرآن:٤:٤٣

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنْتُمْ سُكَارَىٰ حَتَّىٰ تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ حَتَّىٰ تَغْتَسِلُوا ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تقربوا الصلاة} أي لا تصلوا {وأنتم سكارى} من الشراب لأن سبب نزولها صلاة جماعة في حال سكر {حتى تعلموا ما تقولون} بأن تصْحوا {ولا جُنُبا} بإيلاج أو إنزال ونصبه على الحال وهو يطلق على المفرد وغيره {إلا عابري} مجتازي {سبيل} طريق أي مسافرين {حتى تغتسلوا} فلكم أن تصلوا واستثناء المسافر لأن له حكما آخر سيأتي وقيل المراد النهي عن قربان مواضع الصلاة أي المساجد إلا عبورها من غير مكث {وإن كنتم مرضى} مرضا يضره الماء {أو على سفر} أي مسافرين وأنتم جنب أو محدثون {أو جاء أحد منكم من الغائط} هو المكان المعَدُّ لقضاء الحاجة أي أحدث {أو لامستم النساء} وفي قراءة بلا ألف وكلاهما بمعنى اللمس هو الجَسُّ باليد قاله ابن عمر وعليه الشافعى وألحق به الجس بباقي البشرة وعن ابن عباس هو الجماع {فلم تجدوا ماءً} تتطهرون به للصلاة بعد الطلب والتفتيش وهو راجع إلى ما عدا المرضى {فتيمموا} اقصدوا بعد دخول الوقت {صعيدا طيبا} ترابا طاهرا فاضربوا به ضربتين {فامسحوا بوجوهكم وأيديكم} مع المرفقين منه ومسح يتعدى بنفسه وبالحرف {إن الله كان عفوا غفورا}.