4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

4.47 Establish justice based on Divine guidance. Warning against Slander and against falsely charging innocents.

٤۔٤٧ مقطع في سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

quran:4:105

Indeed, We have revealed to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, the Book in truth so you may judge between the people by that which Allah has shown you. And do not be for the deceitful an advocate.  

Tu‘ma b. Ubayriq stole a coat of mail and hid it with a Jew. When it was discovered with the latter, Tu‘ma accused him of having stolen it, and swore by God that he ˹Tu‘ma˺ had not stolen it, and his clan asked the Prophet (s) to advocate on his behalf and absolve him, whereupon the following was revealed: Surely We have revealed to you the Book, the Qur’ān, with the truth (bi’l-haqq is semantically connected to anzalnā, ‘We have revealed’) so that you may judge between people by that which God has shown you, what God has taught you. And do not be a disputant for traitors, like Tu‘ma, disputing on their behalf.
القرآن:٤:١٠٥

إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَلَا تَكُنْ لِلْخَائِنِينَ خَصِيمًا  

وسرق طعمة بن ابيرق درعا وخبأها عند يهودي فوجدت عنده فرماه طعمة بها وحلف أنه ما سرقها فسأل قومه النبي ﷺ أن يجادل عنه ويبرئه فنزل {إنا أنزلنا إليك الكتاب} القرآن {بالحق} متعلق بأنزل {لتحكم بين الناس بما أراك} أعلمك {الله} فيه {ولا تكن للخائنين} كطعمة {خصيما} مخاصما عنهم.
quran:4:106

And seek forgiveness of Allah. Indeed, Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.  

And pray for forgiveness from God, for that which you considered doing; surely God is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
القرآن:٤:١٠٦

وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

{واستغفر الله} مما هممت به {إن الله كان غفورا رحيما}.
quran:4:107

And do not argue on behalf of those who deceive themselves. Indeed, Allah loves not one who is a habitually sinful deceiver.  

And do not dispute on behalf of those who betray themselves, through acts of disobedience, for the evil consequences of their betrayal shall fall on them; surely God loves not one who is treacherous, frequently betraying, and sinful, that is to say, He will punish him.
القرآن:٤:١٠٧

وَلَا تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَنْ كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا  

{ولا تجادل عن الذين يختانون أنفسهم} يخونونها بالمعاصي لأن وبال خيانتهم عليهم {إن الله لا يحب من كان خوانا} كثير الخيانة {أثيما} أي يعاقبه.
quran:4:108

They conceal ˹their evil intentions and deeds˺ from the people, but they cannot conceal ˹them˺ from Allah, and He is with them ˹in His knowledge˺ when they spend the night in such as He does not accept of speech. And ever is Allah, of what they do, encompassing.  

They, the likes of Tu‘ma and his clan, hide themselves, in shame, from people, but they do not hide themselves from God; for He is with them, in His knowledge ˹of them˺, while they plot, they conspire, at night with discourse displeasing to Him, in their resolve to swear by God and deny the theft and accuse the Jew of it. God is ever Encompassing, in knowledge, of what they do.
القرآن:٤:١٠٨

يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لَا يَرْضَىٰ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا  

{يستخفون} أي طعمة وقومه حياءً {من الناس ولا يستخفون من الله وهو معهم} بعلمه {إذ يبيِّتون} يضمرون {ما لا يرضى من القول} من عزمهم على الحلف على نفي السرقة ورمي اليهودي بها {وكان الله بما يعملون محيطا} علما.
quran:4:109

Here you are - those who argue on their behalf in ˹this˺ worldly life - but who will argue with Allah for them on the Day of Resurrection, or who will ˹then˺ be their representative?  

Ah! There you are (addressing Tu‘ma’s clan) you have contested, you have disputed, on their behalf, that is to say, on behalf of Tu‘ma and his men (a variant reading has ‘anhu, ‘on his behalf’) in the life of this world; but who will contest against God on their behalf on the Day of Resurrection, if He were to punish them, or who will be a guardian for them, and take charge of their affair or defend them? In other words, no one will do such a thing.
القرآن:٤:١٠٩

هَا أَنْتُمْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ جَادَلْتُمْ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَمَنْ يُجَادِلُ اللَّهَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَمْ مَنْ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلًا  

{ها أنتم} يا {هؤلاء} خطاب لقوم طعمة {جادلتم} خاصمتم {عنهم} أي عن طعمة وذويه وقرئ عنه {في الحياة الدنيا فمن يجادل الله عنهم يوم القيامة} إذ عذبهم {أم من يكون عليهم وكيلا} يتولى أمرهم ويذبُّ عنهم أي لا أحد يفعل ذلك.
quran:4:110

And whoever does a wrong or wrongs himself but then seeks forgiveness of Allah will find Allah Forgiving and Merciful.  

Whoever does evil, ˹commits˺ a sin by which another is harmed, as when Tu‘ma falsely accused the Jew, or wrongs himself, committing a sin ˹the consequences of which are˺ limited to him, and then prays for God’s forgiveness, for it, that is to say, ˹and then˺ he repents, he shall find God is Forgiving, Merciful, to him.
القرآن:٤:١١٠

وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

{ومن يعمل سوءا} ذنبا يسوء به غيره كرمي طعمة اليهودي {أو يظلم نفسه} يعمل ذنبا قاصرا عليه {ثم يستغفر الله} منه أي يتب {يجد الله غفورا} له {رحيما} به.
quran:4:111

And whoever commits a sin only earns it against himself. And Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.  

And whoever commits a sin commits it against himself only, since the evil consequences fall on him, harming no one else; and God is ever Knower, Wise, in His actions.
القرآن:٤:١١١

وَمَنْ يَكْسِبْ إِثْمًا فَإِنَّمَا يَكْسِبُهُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا  

{ومن يكسب إثما} ذنبا {فإنما يكسبه على نفسه} لأن وباله عليها ولا يضر غيره {وكان الله عليما حكيما} في صنعه.
quran:4:112

But whoever earns an offense or a sin and then blames it on an innocent ˹person˺ has taken upon himself a slander and manifest sin.  

And whoever commits a mistake, a minor sin, or a sin, a grave sin, and then casts it upon the innocent, ˹one who is innocent˺ of it, he has thereby burdened himself with calumny, by his false accusation, and a manifest sin, ˹one which is˺ evident on account of what he has committed.
القرآن:٤:١١٢

وَمَنْ يَكْسِبْ خَطِيئَةً أَوْ إِثْمًا ثُمَّ يَرْمِ بِهِ بَرِيئًا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلَ بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُبِينًا  

{ومن يكسب خطيئة} ذنبا صغيرا {أو إثما} ذنبا كبيرا {ثم يرم به بريئا} منه {فقد احتمل} تحمل {بهتانا} برميه {وإثما مبينا} بينا بكسبه.