4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء

Qurʾān > Chapter 4 > Section 65
القرآن > كتاب ٤ > باب ٦٥

4.65 Legal decision relating to the inheritance of childless persons.

4:176 They request from you a ˹legal˺ ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants ˹as heirs˺." If a man dies, leaving no child but ˹only˺ a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she ˹dies and˺ has no child. But if there are two sisters ˹or more˺, they will have two-thirds of what he left. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females. Allah makes clear to you ˹His law˺, lest you go astray. And Allah is Knowing of all things. 
٤:١٧٦ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ ۚ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ ۚ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ۚ وَإِنْ كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ ۗ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ۝

176 They will ask you for a pronouncement, concerning indirect heirs. Say: ‘God pronounces to you concerning indirect heirs. If a man (in imru’un is in the nominative because of the verb ˹halaka, ‘perishes’˺ that explains it) perishes, dies, having no children, and no parent, and this is the one referred to as an indirect heir (kalāla), but he has a sister, from both parents or from one, hers is half of what he leaves, and he, a brother, similarly, is her heir, in all that she leaves, if she has no children: but if she has a son, then he ˹the maternal uncle˺ receives nothing, and if a daughter, then whatever is left after her share; if the brother and sister be from the same mother, then the one receives a sixth, as was stipulated at the beginning of the sūra ˹Q. 4:11˺. If there be two sisters, or more — for this was revealed regarding Jābir ˹b. ‘Abd Allāh˺, who died and was survived by sisters —, theirs are two-thirds of what he, the brother, leaves; if there be, among the inheritors, siblings, men and women, then the male, among them, shall receive the equivalent of the portion of two females. God makes clear to you, the stipulations of your religion, lest you go astray; and God has knowledge of all things’, including ˹matters of˺ inheritance: it is reported by the two Shaykhs ˹Bukhārī and Muslim˺ that al-Barā’ ˹b. ‘Āzib˺ said that this was the last of the ‘duty’ verses to be revealed. Medinese: ˹consisting of˺ 120 verses, revealed after ˹sūrat˺ al-Fath.

١٧٦ {يستفتونك} في الكلالة {قل الله يفتيكم في الكلالة إن امرؤ} مرفوع بفعل يفسره {هلك} مات {ليس له ولد} أي ولا والد وهو الكلالة {وله أختٌ} من أبوين أو أب {فلها نصف ما ترك وهو} أي الأخ كذلك {يرثها} جميع ما تركت {إن لم يكن لها ولد} فإن كان لها ولد ذكر فلا شيء له أو أنثى فله ما فضل من نصيبها ولو كانت الأخت أو الأخ من أم ففرضه السدس كما تقدم أول السورة {فإن كانتا} أي الأختان {اثنتين} أي فصاعدا لأنها نزلت في جابر وقد مات عن أخوات {فلهما الثلثان مما ترك} الأخ {وإن كانوا} أي الورثة {إخوة رجالا ونساء فللذكر} منهم {مثل حظ الأنثيين يبين الله لكم} شرائع دينكم لـ {أن} لا {تضلوا والله بكل شيء عليم} ومنه الميراث روى الشيخان عن البراء أنها آخر آيه نزلت أي من الفرائض.