4. Sūrat al-Nisāʾ (2/4)

٤۔ سُورَةُ النِّسَاء ص ٢

The Women (Medinan)

quran:4:51

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, who believe in superstition and false objects of worship and say about the disbelievers, "These are better guided than the believers as to the way"?  

The following was revealed regarding Ka‘b b. al-Ashraf and other such scholars from among the Jews, when they came to Mecca and saw those killed at Badr, and began to incite the idolaters to avenge them ˹their dead˺ by waging war against the Prophet (s): Have you not seen those who were given a share of the Book, how they believe in al-Jibt and al-Tāghūt, two idols belonging to Quraysh, and say to the disbelievers, to Abū Sufyān and his companions, when they ˹the latter˺ said to them: ‘Are we, who are the guardians of the House, who give drink to the pilgrim, offer hospitality to the guest, set free the captive, and do such and such … not more rightly guided than Muhammad, he who has contravened the religion of his forefathers, severed the ties of kinship, and abandoned the Sanctuary?’, ‘These, in other words, you, are more rightly guided, upon a more upright way, than the believers’?
القرآن:٤:٥١

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْجِبْتِ وَالطَّاغُوتِ وَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا هَٰؤُلَاءِ أَهْدَىٰ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا سَبِيلًا  

ونزل في كعب بن الأشرف ونحوه من علماء اليهود لما قدموا مكة وشاهدوا قتلى بدر وحرضوا المشركين على الأخذ بثأرهم ومحاربة النبي ﷺ {ألم تر إلى الذين أوتوا نصيبا من الكتاب يؤمنون بالجبت والطاغوت} صنمان لقريش {ويقولون للذين كفروا} أبي سفيان وأصاحبه حين قالوا لهم: نحن أهدى سبيلا ونحن ولاة البيت نسقي الحاج ونقري الضيف ونفك العاني ونفعل... أم محمد وقد خالف دين آبائه وقطع الرحم وفارق الحرم {هؤلاء} أي أنتم {أهدى من الذين آمنوا سبيلا} أقوم طريقا.
quran:4:52

Those are the ones whom Allah has cursed; and he whom Allah curses - never will you find for him a helper.  

Those are the ones whom God has cursed; and he whom God has cursed, you will never find for him any helper, anyone to protect him from His chastisement.
القرآن:٤:٥٢

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۖ وَمَنْ يَلْعَنِ اللَّهُ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ نَصِيرًا  

{أولئك الذين لعنهم الله ومن يلعنـ} ـه {الله فلن تجد له نصيرا} مانعا من عذابه.
quran:4:53

Or have they a share of dominion? Then ˹if that were so˺, they would not give the people ˹even as much as˺ the speck on a date seed.  

Or have they a share in the Kingdom?, that is to say, they have no share in it whatever, and even if they did, then they would not give the people a single date-spot, that is, ˹not even˺ something as worthless as the tiny spot on the back of a date-pit, because of the extent of their niggardliness.
القرآن:٤:٥٣

أَمْ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِنَ الْمُلْكِ فَإِذًا لَا يُؤْتُونَ النَّاسَ نَقِيرًا  

{أم} بل {لهم نصيب من الملك} أي ليس لهم شيء منه ولو كان {فإذا لا يؤتون الناس نقيرا} أي شيئا تافها قدر النقرة في ظهر النواة لفرط بخلهم.
quran:4:54

Or do they envy people for what Allah has given them of His bounty? But we had already given the family of Abraham the Scripture and wisdom and conferred upon them a great kingdom.  

Or, nay, are they jealous of people, namely, of the Prophet (s), for the bounty that God has bestowed upon them, in the way of prophethood and abundance of women? In other words, they wish that he be deprived of such things, saying, ‘If he were truly a prophet, he would not be concerned with women’. For We gave the House of Abraham, his forefather, the likes of Moses, David and Solomon, the Book and wisdom, and prophethood, and We gave them a mighty kingdom: David had ninety–nine women, and Solomon had a thousand, free women and slavegirls.
القرآن:٤:٥٤

أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَىٰ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۖ فَقَدْ آتَيْنَا آلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَآتَيْنَاهُمْ مُلْكًا عَظِيمًا  

{أم} بل {يحسدون الناس} أي النبي ﷺ {على ما آتاهم الله من فضله} من النبوة وكثرة النساء، أي يتمنون زواله عنه ويقولون لو كان نبيا لاشتغل عن النساء {فقد آتينا آل إبراهيم} جده كموسى وداود وسليمان {الكتاب والحكمة} والنبوة {وآتيناهم ملكا عظيما} فكان لداود تسع وتسعون امرأة ولسليمان ألف ما بين حُرَّةِ وسرية.
quran:4:55

And some among them believed in it, and some among them were averse to it. And sufficient is Hell as a blaze.  

And there are some of them who believe in him, in Muhammad (s), and some of them who bar from him, ˹who˺ reject ˹him˺ and do not believe. Hell suffices for a blaze, as a chastisement for those who do not believe.
القرآن:٤:٥٥

فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ صَدَّ عَنْهُ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِجَهَنَّمَ سَعِيرًا  

{فمنهم من آمن به} بمحمد ﷺ {ومنهم من صدَّ} أعرض {عنه} فلم يؤمن {وكفي بجهنم سعيرا} عذابا لمن لا يؤمن.
quran:4:56

Indeed, those who disbelieve in Our verses - We will drive them into a Fire. Every time their skins are roasted through We will replace them with other skins so they may taste the punishment. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted in Might and Wise.  

Surely those who disbelieve in Our signs — We shall expose them, We shall admit them, to a Fire, wherein they shall burn; as often as their skins are consumed, burnt, We shall replace them with other skins, restoring them to their initial unburnt state, that they may taste the chastisement, that they may suffer its severity. Surely God is ever Mighty, nothing being beyond His power, Wise, in His creation.
القرآن:٤:٥٦

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا سَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِمْ نَارًا كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُمْ بَدَّلْنَاهُمْ جُلُودًا غَيْرَهَا لِيَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا  

{إن الذين كفروا بآياتنا سوف نصليهم} ندخلهم {نارا} يحترقون فيها {كلما نضجت} احترقت {جلودهم بدَّلناهم جلودا غيرها} بأن تعاد إلى حالها الأول غير محترقة {ليذوقوا العذاب} ليقاسوا شدته {إن الله كان عزيزا} لا يعجزه شيء {حكيما} في خلقه.
quran:4:57

But those who believe and do righteous deeds - We will admit them to gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide forever. For them therein are purified spouses, and We will admit them to deepening shade.  

And those that believe, and perform righteous deeds, We shall admit them to Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they abide: they shall have therein spouses purified, of menstruation and every impurity, and We shall admit them to plenteous shade, that is everlasting ˹shade˺, never replaced by any sun, and this is the shade of Paradise.
القرآن:٤:٥٧

وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا ۖ لَهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ مُطَهَّرَةٌ ۖ وَنُدْخِلُهُمْ ظِلًّا ظَلِيلًا  

{والذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات سندخلهم جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار خالدين فيها أبدا لهم فيها أزواج مطهرة} من الحيض وكل قذر {وندخلهم ظلا ظليلا} دائما لا تنسخه شمس وهو ظل الجنة,
quran:4:58

Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing.  

Verily, God commands you to restore trusts, that is, the rights entrusted ˹to you by others˺, back to their owners: this was revealed when ‘Alī, may God be pleased with him, took the key of the Ka‘ba from its keeper, ‘Uthmān b. Talha al-Hajabī, by force, upon the arrival of the Prophet (s) in Mecca in the year of the Conquest, after he ˹‘Uthmān˺ had tried to prevent him ˹‘Alī from taking it˺ saying, ‘If I had known that he was the Messenger of God, I would not have prevented him’. The Messenger of God (s) then ordered him ˹‘Alī˺ to give it back to him ˹‘Uthmān˺ saying to him, ‘Here you are, ˹it is yours˺ now and always’. He ˹‘Uthmān˺ was amazed by this, whereupon ‘Alī recited to him this verse, and he accepted Islam. Upon his death, he ˹‘Uthmān˺ gave it ˹the key˺ to his brother, Shayba, and thus it remained in ˹the keep of˺ his descendants. Although the verse was revealed regarding a specific occasion, it holds true in general on account of the plural person ˹to which it is addressed˺. And when you judge between people, He commands, that you judge with justice. Excellent is (ni‘immā, the mīm of ni‘ima has been assimilated with the indefinite particle mā, which is the object described, in other words, na‘ima shay’an, ‘an excellent thing ˹is˺’) the admonition God gives you, to restore a trust and to judge with justice. God is ever Hearer, of what is said, Seer, of what is done.
القرآن:٤:٥٨

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُمْ بِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا  

{إن الله يأمركم أن تؤدوا الأمانات} أي ما اؤتمن عليه من الحقوق {إلى أهلها} نزلت لما أخذ عليّ ؓ مفتاح الكعبة من عثمان بن طلحة الحجبي سادنها قسرا لما قدم النبي ﷺ مكة عام الفتح ومنعه وقال لو علمت أنه رسول الله لم أمنعه فأمر رسول الله ﷺ برده إليه وقال هاك خالدة تالدة فعجب من ذلك فقرأ له عليُّ الآية، فأسلم وأعطاه عند موته لأخيه شيبة فبقي في ولده والآيةُ وإن وردت على سبب خاص فعمومها معتبر بقرينة الجمع {وإذا حكمتم بين الناس} يأمركم {أن تحكموا بالعدل إن الله نعمَّا} فيه إدغام ميم نعم في ما النكرة الموصولة أي نعم شيئا {يعظكم به} تأدية الأمانة والحكم بالعدل {إن الله كان سميعا} لما يقال {بصيرا} بما يفعل.
quran:4:59

O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best ˹way˺ and best in result.  

O you who believe, obey God, and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you, that is, rulers, when they command you to obey God and His Messenger. If you should quarrel, disagree, about anything, refer it to God, that is, to His Book, and the Messenger, while he lives, and thereafter ˹refer˺ to his Sunna: in other words examine these ˹disputes˺ with reference to these two ˹sources˺, if you believe in God and the Last Day; that, reference to the two ˹sources˺, is better, for you than quarrelling or ˹adhering to˺ personal opinions, and more excellent in interpretation, in the end.
القرآن:٤:٥٩

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ ۖ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول وأولي} وأصحاب {الأمر} أي الولاة {منكم} إذا أمروكم بطاعة الله ورسوله {فإن تنازعتم} اختلفتم {في شيء فردوه إلى الله} أي إلى كتابه {والرسول} مدة حياته وبعده إلى سنته أي اكشفوا عليه منهما {إن كنتم تؤمنون بالله واليوم الآخر ذلك} أي الرد إليهما {خير} لكم من التنازع والقول بالرأي {وأحسن تأويلاً} مآلاً.
quran:4:60

Have you not seen those who claim to have believed in what was revealed to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, and what was revealed before you? They wish to refer legislation to Taghut, while they were commanded to reject it; and Satan wishes to lead them far astray.  

The following verse was revealed when a Jew and a hypocrite fell into a dispute. The hypocrite called on Ka‘b b. al-Ashraf, to arbitrate between them, while the Jew called on the Prophet (s). When they came to him, the Prophet ruled in favour of the Jew. But the hypocrite was not satisfied, and so they went before ‘Umar. The Jew told him what had happened, whereupon he ˹‘Umar˺ turned to the hypocrite and asked him, ‘Is this true?’, and when he replied, ‘Yes’, he ˹‘Umar˺ killed him. Have you not seen those who claim that they believe in what has been revealed to you, and what was revealed before you, desiring to take their disputes to a false deity (tāghūt), one excessive in tempting ˹others˺ to falsehood (tughyān), namely, Ka‘b b. al-Ashraf, when they have been commanded to renounce him?, and not to associate with him. But Satan desires to mislead them, far astray, from the truth.
القرآن:٤:٦٠

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَى الطَّاغُوتِ وَقَدْ أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَكْفُرُوا بِهِ وَيُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَنْ يُضِلَّهُمْ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا  

ونزل لما اختصم يهودي ومنافق فدعا المنافق إلى كعب بن الأشرف ليحكم بينهما ودعا اليهودي إلى النبي ﷺ فأتياه فقضى لليهودي فلم يرض المنافق وأتيا عمر فذكر اليهودي ذلك فقال للمنافق أكذلك فقال نعم فقتله {ألم ترَ إلى الذين يزعمون أنهم آمنوا بما أنزل إليك وما أُنزل من قبلك يريدون أن يتحاكموا إلى الطاغوت} الكثير الطغيان وهو كعب بن الأشرف {وقد أمروا أن يكفروا به} ولا يوالوه {ويريد الشيطان أن يضلَّهم ضلالا بعيدا} عن الحق.
quran:4:61

And when it is said to them, "Come to what Allah has revealed and to the Messenger," you see the hypocrites turning away from you in aversion.  

And when it is said to them, ‘Come to what God has revealed, as regards rulings in the Qur’ān, and the Messenger’, that he may judge between you, you see the hypocrites turn away from you vehemently, to others.
القرآن:٤:٦١

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا إِلَىٰ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَإِلَى الرَّسُولِ رَأَيْتَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنْكَ صُدُودًا  

{وإذا قيل لهم تعالوا إلى ما أنزل الله} في القرآن من الحكم {وإلى الرسول} ليحكم بينكم {رأيت المنافقين يصدون} يُعرضون {عنك} إلى غيرك {صدودا}.
quran:4:62

So how ˹will it be˺ when disaster strikes them because of what their hands have put forth and then they come to you swearing by Allah, "We intended nothing but good conduct and accommodation."  

How would it be, ˹what˺ would they do, when an affliction, a punishment, befalls them for what their own hands have sent before them, of unbelief and acts of disobedience, that is to say, would they then be able to turn away and escape it? No! They then come to you (thumma jā’ūka, a supplement to yasuddūn, ‘they turn away’ ˹of the previous verse˺), swearing by God that, in turning to other than you for arbitration, ‘We sought only virtue, settlement, and harmony’, reconciliation between the disputing parties by ˹any˺ approximate judgement without regard for the painful truth.
القرآن:٤:٦٢

فَكَيْفَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ ثُمَّ جَاءُوكَ يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا إِحْسَانًا وَتَوْفِيقًا  

{فكيف} يصنعون {إذا أصابتهم مصيبة} عقوبة {بما قدّمت أيديهم} من الكفر والمعاصي أي أيقدرون على الإعراض والفرار منها؟ لا {ثم جَاءُوك} معطوف على يصدون {يحلفون بالله إن} ما {أردنا} بالمحاكمة إلى غيرك {إلا إحسانا} صلحا {وتوفيقا} تأليفا بين الخصمين بالتقريب في الحكم دون الحمل على مر الحق.
quran:4:63

Those are the ones of whom Allah knows what is in their hearts, so turn away from them but admonish them and speak to them a far-reaching word.  

Those — God knows what is in their hearts, in the way of hypocrisy and the mendacity of their excuses; so turn away from them, with forgiveness, and admonish them, make them fear God, and say to them regarding, the issue of, their souls penetrating words, affecting them, in other words, reprimand them so that they repent of their unbelief.
القرآن:٤:٦٣

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَعِظْهُمْ وَقُلْ لَهُمْ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَوْلًا بَلِيغًا  

{أولئك الذين يعلم الله ما في قلوبهم} من النفاق وكذبهم في عذرهم {فأعرض عنهم} بالصفح {وعِظهم} خوِّفهم الله {وقل لهم في} شأن {أنفسهم قولا بليغا} مؤثرا فيهم أي أزجرهم ليرجعوا عن كفرهم.
quran:4:64

And We did not send any messenger except to be obeyed by permission of Allah. And if, when they wronged themselves, they had come to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, and asked forgiveness of Allah and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Accepting of repentance and Merciful.  

We never sent any Messenger, but that he should be obeyed, in what he commands and judges, by the leave, by the command, of God, and not that he should be disobeyed or opposed. If, when they had wronged themselves, by seeking the judgement of the false idol, they had come to you, repentant, and asked forgiveness from God, and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them (there is a shift from the second ˹to the third˺ person in this address, in deference to his ˹the Prophet’s (s)˺ status); they would have found God Relenting, to them, Merciful, to them.
القرآن:٤:٦٤

وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا لِيُطَاعَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ إِذْ ظَلَمُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ جَاءُوكَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا اللَّهَ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمُ الرَّسُولُ لَوَجَدُوا اللَّهَ تَوَّابًا رَحِيمًا  

{وما أرسلنا من رسول إلا ليُطاع} فيما يأمر به ويحكم {بإذن الله} بأمره لا ليعصى ويخالف {ولو أنهم إذ ظلموا أنفسهم} بتحاكمهم إلى الطاغوت {جاءُوك} تائبين {فاستغفروا الله واستغفر لهم الرسول} فيه التفات عن الخطاب تفخيما لشأنه {لوجدوا الله توَابا} عليهم {رحيما} بهم.
quran:4:65

But no, by your Lord, they will not ˹truly˺ believe until they make you, ˹O Muhammad˺, judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves and then find within themselves no discomfort from what you have judged and submit in ˹full, willing˺ submission.  

But no, (fa-lā, the lā is extra) by your Lord! They will not believe until they make you judge over what has broken out, has become mixed up, between them and find in themselves no inhibition, ˹no˺ constraint or doubt, regarding what you decide, but submit, ˹but˺ comply with your ruling, in full submission, without objection.
القرآن:٤:٦٥

فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّىٰ يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا  

{فلا وربِّك} لا زائدة {لا يؤمنون حتى يحكِّموك فيما شجر} اختلط {بينهم ثم لا يجدوا في أنفسهم حرجا} ضيقا أو شكٌا {مما قضيت} به {ويسلِّموا} ينقادوا لحكمك {تسليما} من غير معارضة.
quran:4:66

And if We had decreed upon them, "Kill yourselves" or "Leave your homes," they would not have done it, except for a few of them. But if they had done what they were instructed, it would have been better for them and a firmer position ˹for them in faith˺.  

And had We prescribed for them: (the particle an, ‘that’, is explicative) ‘Slay yourselves’ or ‘Leave your habitations’, as We did for the Children of Israel, they would not have done it, that is, what has been prescribed for them, save a few (read nominative qalīlun, as a substitution; or read accusative qalīlan, as an exceptive clause) of them; yet if they had done what they were admonished to do, of obedience to the Messenger (s), it would have been better for them, and stronger in establishing, ˹a stronger˺ confirmation of their faith.
القرآن:٤:٦٦

وَلَوْ أَنَّا كَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ أَوِ اخْرُجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِكُمْ مَا فَعَلُوهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ مِنْهُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ فَعَلُوا مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتًا  

{ولو أنا كتبنا عليهم أن} مفسرة {اقتلوا أنفسكم أو اخرجوا من دياركم} كما كتبنا على بني إسرائيل {ما فعلوه} أي المكتوب عليهم {إلا قليل} بالرفع على البدل والنصب على الاستثناء {منهم ولو أنهم فعلوا ما يوعَظون به} من طاعة الرسول ﷺ {لكان خيرا لهم وأشد تثبيتا} تحقيقا لإيمانهم.
quran:4:67

And then We would have given them from Us a great reward.  

And then, that is, had they confirmed themselves, We would have surely given them from Us a great wage, that is, Paradise.
القرآن:٤:٦٧

وَإِذًا لَآتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنْ لَدُنَّا أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا  

{وإذا} أي لو ثبتوا {لآتيناهم من لدَّنا} من عندنا {أجرا عظيما} هو الجنة.
quran:4:68

And We would have guided them to a straight path.  

And We would have guided them to a straight path. Some Companions said to the Prophet (s): ‘How will we be able to see you in Paradise, when you will be in the highest stations and we will be lower than you?’, and so the following was revealed:
القرآن:٤:٦٨

وَلَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ صِرَاطًا مُسْتَقِيمًا  

{ولهديناهم صراطا مستقيما} قال بعض الصحابة للنبي ﷺ كيف نراك في الجنة وأنت في الدرجات العلى ونحن أسفل منك فنزل.
quran:4:69

And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger - those will be with the ones upon whom Allah has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the righteous. And excellent are those as companions.  

Whoever obeys God and the Messenger, in what he commands, they are with those whom God has blessed of the prophets and the truthful, that is, the most excellent of the Prophet’s Companions, because of the fullness of their truthfulness and their affirmation of the truth; and the martyrs, those slain in the path of God; and the righteous, ˹all those˺ other than the ones mentioned. What fine companions they are!, in Paradise, since in it one will enjoy seeing them, visiting them and being in their presence, even though they will be in the highest stations in relation to others.
القرآن:٤:٦٩

وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ وَالصَّالِحِينَ ۚ وَحَسُنَ أُولَٰئِكَ رَفِيقًا  

{ومن يطع الله والرسول} فيما أمر به {فأولئك مع الذين أنعم الله عليهم من النبيين والصديقين} أفاضل أصحاب الأنبياء لمبالغتهم في الصدق والتصديق {والشهداء} القتلى في سبيل الله {والصالحين} غير من ذكر {وحسُن أولئك رفيقا} رفقاء في الجنة بأن يستمتع فيها برؤيتهم وزيارتهم والحضور معهم وإن كان مقرهم في الدرجات العالية بالنسبة إلى غيرهم.
quran:4:70

That is the bounty from Allah, and sufficient is Allah as Knower.  

That, namely, their being with those mentioned (dhālika, ‘that’, is the subject, the predicate of which is ˹the following˺) is bounty from God, with which He has favoured them, and not because they have earned it through their obedience. God suffices as Knower, of the reward of the Hereafter, in other words, trust in what He has told you: None can tell you like One Who is aware ˹Q. 35:14˺.
القرآن:٤:٧٠

ذَٰلِكَ الْفَضْلُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ عَلِيمًا  

{ذلك} أي كونهم مع ذكر مبتدأ خبره {الفضل من الله} تفضل به عليهم لا أنهم نالوه بطاعتهم {وكفى بالله عليما} بثواب الآخرة أي فثقوا بما أخبركم به (ولا ينبئك مثل خبير).
quran:4:71

O you who have believed, take your precaution and ˹either˺ go forth in companies or go forth all together.  

O you who believe, take your precautions, against your enemy, that is, be wary of him and be vigilant against him; then move forward, prepare to fight him, in companies, in separate groups, one raiding party followed by the next; or move forward all together, in one assembly.
القرآن:٤:٧١

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا خُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ فَانْفِرُوا ثُبَاتٍ أَوِ انْفِرُوا جَمِيعًا  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا خذوا حذركم} من عدوكم أي احترزوا منه وتيقظوا له {فانفروا} انهضوا إلى قتاله {ثُبَاتٍ} متفرقين سرية بعد أخرى {أو انفروا جميعا} مجتمعين.
quran:4:72

And indeed, there is among you he who lingers behind; and if disaster strikes you, he says, "Allah has favored me in that I was not present with them."  

Verily, there are some of you who tarry, who indeed hesitate to join the fighting, such as ‘Abd Allāh b. Ubayy, the hypocrite, and his companions — counting him ˹the one who tarries˺ as one of them ˹the Muslims˺ is from the perspective of outward appearances — (the lām in the verb ˹la-yubatti’anna, ‘verily … who tarry’˺ is for oaths); then, if an affliction befalls you, such as slaughter or defeat, he says, ‘God has been gracious to me, for I was not a witness with them’, present ˹at the fighting˺, lest I should be hurt.
القرآن:٤:٧٢

وَإِنَّ مِنْكُمْ لَمَنْ لَيُبَطِّئَنَّ فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَالَ قَدْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ إِذْ لَمْ أَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ شَهِيدًا  

{وإنَّ منكم لمن ليبطئنَّ} ليتأخرن عن القتال كعبد الله بن أبيّ المنافق وأصحابه وجعله منهم من حيث الظاهر واللام في الفعل للقسم {فإن أصابتكم مصيبة} كقتل وهزيمة {قال قد أنعم الله علىَّ إذ لم أكن معهم شهيدا} حاضرا فأصاب.
quran:4:73

But if bounty comes to you from Allah, he will surely say, as if there had never been between you and him any affection. "Oh, I wish I had been with them so I could have attained a great attainment."  

But if (wa-la-in, the lām is for oaths) a bounty from God befalls you, such as a conquest or booty, he will surely cry, in regret, as if (ka’an is softened, its subject having been omitted, in other words ˹it should be˺ ka’annahu) there had never been (read lam yakun, or lam takun) any affection, any acquaintance or friendship, between you and him: this ˹statement˺ refers back to the words ˹in the previous verse˺ ‘God has been gracious to me’, and comes as a parenthesis between the statement ‘that he will cry’ and the very words he cries, which are: ‘Oh (yā, is for exclamation), would that I had been with them, so that I might have won a great triumph!’, that is, ˹that˺ I might have taken a good share of the booty.
القرآن:٤:٧٣

وَلَئِنْ أَصَابَكُمْ فَضْلٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَيَقُولَنَّ كَأَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ مَوَدَّةٌ يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ مَعَهُمْ فَأَفُوزَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا  

{ولئن} لام قسم {أصابكم فضل من الله} كفتح وغنيمة {لَيَقُولَنَّ} نادما {كأن} مخففة واسمها محذوف أي كأنه {لم يكن} بالياء والتاء {بينكم وبينه مودة} معرفة وصداقة وهذا راجع إلى قوله (قد أنعم الله علىَّ)، اعترض به بين القول ومقوله وهو {يا} للتنبيه {ليتني كنت معهم فأفوزَ فوزا عظيما} آخذ حظا وافرا من الغنيمة قال تعالى.
quran:4:74

So let those fight in the cause of Allah who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter. And he who fights in the cause of Allah and is killed or achieves victory - We will bestow upon him a great reward.  

God, exalted be He, says: So let them fight in the way of God, to elevate His religion, those who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter; and whoever fights in the way of God and is slain, dies a martyr, or conquers, overcomes his enemy, We shall give him a great wage, a plentiful reward.
القرآن:٤:٧٤

فَلْيُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَشْرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ ۚ وَمَنْ يُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيُقْتَلْ أَوْ يَغْلِبْ فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا  

{فليقاتل في سبيل الله} لإعلاء دينه {الذين يشرون} يبيعون {الحياة الدنيا بالآخرة ومن يقاتل في سبيل الله فيُقتل} يستشهد {أو يَغلب} يظفر بعدوه {فسوف نؤتيه أجرا عظيما} ثوابا جزيلا.
quran:4:75

And what is ˹the matter˺ with you that you fight not in the cause of Allah and ˹for˺ the oppressed among men, women, and children who say, "Our Lord, take us out of this city of oppressive people and appoint for us from Yourself a protector and appoint for us from Yourself a helper?"  

What is wrong with you, that you do not fight: this is an interrogative of rebuke, in other words, there is nothing to prevent you from fighting, in the way of God, and for, the deliverance of, the oppressed men, women, and children, whom the disbelievers persecuted and prevented from emigrating. Ibn ‘Abbās, may God be pleased with him and his father, said, ‘My mother and I were among them’; who say, supplicating, ‘O, our Lord, bring us forth from this town, Mecca, whose people are evildoers, through unbelief, and appoint for us a protector from You, to take charge of our affair, and appoint for us from You a helper’, to defend us against them. God responded to their supplication and facilitated escape for some of them, while others remained behind until Mecca was conquered — in charge of them the Prophet (s) placed ‘Attāb b. Asīd, who proceeded to seek justice for the wronged from those that had wronged them.
القرآن:٤:٧٥

وَمَا لَكُمْ لَا تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْ هَٰذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ الظَّالِمِ أَهْلُهَا وَاجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ وَلِيًّا وَاجْعَلْ لَنَا مِنْ لَدُنْكَ نَصِيرًا  

{وما لكم لا تقاتلون} إستفهام توبيخ، أي لا مانع لكم من القتال {في سبيل الله و} في تخليص {المستضعفين من الرجال والنساء والولدان} الذين حبسهم الكفار عن الهجرة وآذوهم، قال ابن عباس ؓ: كنت أنا وأمي منهم {الذين يقولون} داعين يا {ربنا أخرجنا من هذه القرية} مكة {الظالم أهلُها} بالكفر {واجعل لنا من لدنك} من عندك {وليّاً} يتولى أمورنا {واجعل لنا من لدنك نصيرا} يمنعنا منهم وقد استجاب الله دعاءهم فيَسَّر لبعضهم الخروج وبقي بعضهم إلى أن فتحت مكة ووَلَّى ﷺ عتاب بن أسيد فأنصف مظلومهم من ظالمهم.
quran:4:76

Those who believe fight in the cause of Allah, and those who disbelieve fight in the cause of Taghut. So fight against the allies of Satan. Indeed, the plot of Satan has ever been weak.  

Those who believe fight in the way of God, and those who disbelieve fight in the way of a false deity, Satan. Fight therefore against the friends of Satan, the supporters of his religion and you will defeat them with the strength you draw from God; surely the plotting of Satan, against believers, is ever feeble, of no substance, and cannot stand up to God’s plotting against the disbelievers.
القرآن:٤:٧٦

الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ الطَّاغُوتِ فَقَاتِلُوا أَوْلِيَاءَ الشَّيْطَانِ ۖ إِنَّ كَيْدَ الشَّيْطَانِ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا  

{الذين آمنوا يقاتلون في سبيل الله والذين كفروا يقاتلون في سبيل الطاغوت} الشيطان {فقاتلوا أولياء الشيطان} أنصار دينه تغلبوهم لقوتكم بالله {إن كيد الشيطان} بالمؤمنين {كان ضعيفا} واهيا لا يقاوم كيد الله بالكافرين
quran:4:77

Have you not seen those who were told, "Restrain your hands ˹from fighting˺ and establish prayer and give zakah"? But then when fighting was ordained for them, at once a party of them feared men as they fear Allah or with ˹even˺ greater fear. They said, "Our Lord, why have You decreed upon us fighting? If only You had postponed ˹it for˺ us for a short time." Say, The enjoyment of this world is little, and the Hereafter is better for he who fears Allah. And injustice will not be done to you, ˹even˺ as much as a thread ˹inside a date seed˺."  

Have you not seen those to whom it was said, ‘Restrain your hands, from fighting the disbelievers when they desired it at Mecca, because of the harm the disbelievers had inflicted upon them — and these were a group from among the Companions — and establish the prayer, and pay the alms’? Then, as soon as fighting was prescribed, was made obligatory, for them, lo, a party of them fear people, the disbelievers, that is, ˹they fear˺ punishment at their hands through death, as they would fear, the punishment of, God, or with more fear, than their fear of Him (ashadda, ‘more’, is in the accusative because it is a circumstantial qualifier; the response to the lammā, ‘as soon as’, is indicated by idhā, ‘lo’, and what follows), in other words, they are taken aback by fear, and they said, frightened of death, ‘Our Lord, why have You prescribed fighting for us? Why not (lawlā is ˹to be understood as˺ hallā) defer us to a near term?’ Say, to them: ‘The enjoyment of this world, that which is enjoyed therein, or enjoying it ˹the world˺, is trifling, it will end up by perishing; and the Hereafter, Paradise, is better for him who fears God’s punishment by avoiding disobedience to Him; and you shall not be wronged (lā tuzlamūna, may also be read lā yuzlamūna, ‘they shall not be wronged’) you shall not be diminished of your deeds, a single date-thread, as much as the peel on a date-stone, so struggle ˹in the way of God˺.
القرآن:٤:٧٧

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً ۚ وَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا لِمَ كَتَبْتَ عَلَيْنَا الْقِتَالَ لَوْلَا أَخَّرْتَنَا إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ ۗ قُلْ مَتَاعُ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلٌ وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِمَنِ اتَّقَىٰ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا  

{ألم تر إلى الذين قيل لهم كفُّوا أيديكم} عن قتال الكفار لما طلبوه بمكة لأذى الكفار لهم وهم جماعة من الصحابة {وأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة فلما كُتب} فرض {عليهم القتال إذا فريق منهم يخشون} يخافون {الناس} الكفار، أي عذابهم بالقتل {كَخَشْيَتـ} ـهم عذاب {الله أو أشدَّ خشية} من خشيتهم له ونصب أشد على الحال وجواب لما دل عليه إذا وما بعدها أي فاجأتهم الخشية {وقالوا} جزعا من الموت {ربَنا لم كتبت علينا القتال لولا} هلاّ {أخَّرتنا إلى أجل قريب قل} لهم {متاعُ الدنيا} ما يتمتع به فيها أو الاستمتاع بها {قليل} آيل إلى الفناء {والآخرة} أي الجنة {خير لمن اتقى} عقاب الله بترك معصيته {ولا تُظلمون} بالتاء والياء تنقصون من أعمالكم {فتيلا} قدر قشرة النواة فجاهدوا.
quran:4:78

Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, even if you should be within towers of lofty construction. But if good comes to them, they say, "This is from Allah "; and if evil befalls them, they say, "This is from you." Say, "All ˹things˺ are from Allah." So what is ˹the matter˺ with those people that they can hardly understand any statement?  

Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, though you should be in raised-up, lofty, towers’, forts, so do not shrink from fighting for fear of death. And if a good thing, such as fertility and abundance, befalls them, the Jews, they say, ‘This is from God’; but if an evil thing, such as drought or misfortune, befalls them, as it did with them when the Prophet (s) arrived in Medina, they say, ‘This is from you’, O Muhammad (s), that is, from the bad luck ˹you bring˺. Say, to them: ‘Everything, good and evil, is from God.’ What is wrong with this people that they do not understand, that is, they do not come close to comprehending, any words, delivered to them (the mā, ‘what’ ˹of mā li-hā’ūlā’, ‘what is wrong with these’˺ is an interrogative intended to provoke amazement at their extreme ignorance; to state that one cannot even come close to doing something is ˹rhetorically˺ more intense than saying that he cannot do it).
القرآن:٤:٧٨

أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يُدْرِكْكُمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُرُوجٍ مُشَيَّدَةٍ ۗ وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ حَسَنَةٌ يَقُولُوا هَٰذِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ يَقُولُوا هَٰذِهِ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ ۚ قُلْ كُلٌّ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ۖ فَمَالِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ لَا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ حَدِيثًا  

{أينما تكونوا يدرككُّم الموت ولو كنتم في بروج} حصون {مشيدة} مرتفعة فلا تخشوا القتال خوف الموت {وإن تصبهم} أي اليهود {حسنة} خصب وسعة {يقولوا هذه من عند الله وإن تصبهم سيئة} جدب وبلاء كما لهم عند قدوم النبي ﷺ المدينة {يقولوا هذه من عندك} يا محمد أي بشؤمك {قل} لهم {كل} من الحسنة والسيئة {من عند الله} من قبله {فمال هؤلاء القوم لا يكادون يفقهون} أي لا يقاربون أن يفهموا {حديثا} يُلقى إليهم وما استفهام تعجب من فرط جهلهم ونفي مقاربة الفعل أشد من نفيه.
quran:4:79

What comes to you of good is from Allah, but what comes to you of evil, ˹O man˺, is from yourself. And We have sent you, ˹O Muhammad˺, to the people as a messenger, and sufficient is Allah as Witness.  

Whatever good (hasana means khayr) befalls you, O man, it is from God, it has come to you from His bounty; whatever evil, misfortune, befalls you is from yourself, it has come to you as a necessary consequence of sins you have committed. We have sent you, O Muhammad (s), to people as a messenger (rasūlan, is a circumstantial qualifier for emphasis), and God suffices as Witness, of your Mission.
القرآن:٤:٧٩

مَا أَصَابَكَ مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَا أَصَابَكَ مِنْ سَيِّئَةٍ فَمِنْ نَفْسِكَ ۚ وَأَرْسَلْنَاكَ لِلنَّاسِ رَسُولًا ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا  

(ما أصابك) أيها الإنسان (من حسنة) خير (فمن الله) أتتك فضلا منه (وما أصابك من سيئة) بليَّة (فمن نفسك) أتتك حيث ارتكبت ما يستوجبها من الذنوب (وأرسلناك) يا محمد (للناس رسولا) حال مؤكدة (وكفى بالله شهيدا) على رسالتك.
quran:4:80

He who obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah; but those who turn away - We have not sent you over them as a guardian.  

Whoever obeys the Messenger, verily obeys God; and whoever turns his back, ˹whoever˺ avoids obedience to you, do not be concerned with them: We have not sent you as a watcher over them, to keep watch over their deeds, but as a warner. Their affair is Ours ˹to deal with˺ and We will requite them. This ˹statement˺ was before the command to fight ˹them was revealed˺.
القرآن:٤:٨٠

مَنْ يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ ۖ وَمَنْ تَوَلَّىٰ فَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا  

{من يطع الرسول فقد أطاع الله ومن تولى أعرض عن طاعتك فلا يهمنَّك {فما أرسلناك عليهم حفيظا} حافظا لأعمالهم بل نذيرا وإلينا أمرهم فنجازيهم وهذا قبل الأمر بالقتال.
quran:4:81

And they say, "˹We pledge˺ obedience." But when they leave you, a group of them spend the night determining to do other than what you say. But Allah records what they plan by night. So leave them alone and rely upon Allah. And sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs.  

They say, that is, the hypocrites ˹say˺ when they come to you, ‘Our affair is ˹all about˺ Obedience, to you’; but when they sally forth, ˹when˺ they depart, from you, a party of them harbour (the ˹final˺ tā’ ˹of the feminine-ending in bayyatat, ‘harbour’˺ can either be elided with the following tā’ ˹of tā’ifa, ‘a party’˺ or simply omitted) they entertain secretly ˹feelings˺, other than what they say, to you in your presence in the way of ˹their˺ obedience, in other words, ˹they hide˺ disobedience to you. God writes down, He commands that it be written, what they harbour, in their scrolls ˹of deeds˺, so that they will be requited for it. So turn away from them, in forgiveness, rely on God, put your trust in Him, for He will suffice you; and God suffices as a Guardian, to Whom matters are entrusted.
القرآن:٤:٨١

وَيَقُولُونَ طَاعَةٌ فَإِذَا بَرَزُوا مِنْ عِنْدِكَ بَيَّتَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ غَيْرَ الَّذِي تَقُولُ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَكْتُبُ مَا يُبَيِّتُونَ ۖ فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا  

{ويقولون} أي المنافقون إذا جاءوك أمرنا {طاعةٌ} لك {فإذا برزوا} خرجوا {من عندك بيَّت طائفة منهم} بإدغام التاء في الطاء وتركه أي أضمرت {غير الذي تقول} لك في حضورك من الطاعة أي عصيانك {والله يكتب} يأمر بكتب {ما يبيِّتون} في صحائفهم ليجازوا عليه {فأعرض عنهم} بالصفح {وتوكل على الله} ثق به فانه كافيك {وكفى بالله وكيلا} مفوضا إليه.
quran:4:82

Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from ˹any˺ other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction.  

What, do they not ponder, do they ˹not˺ contemplate, the Qur’ān?, and the marvellous truths contained in it. If it had been from other than God surely they would have found therein much inconsistency, ˹much˺ contradiction in meaning and irregularity in arrangement.
القرآن:٤:٨٢

أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ۚ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِنْدِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا  

{أفلا يتدبرون} يتأملون {القرآن} وما فيه من المعاني البديعة {ولو كان من عند غير الله لوجدوا فيه اختلافا كثيرا} تناقضا في معانيه وتباينا في نظمه.
quran:4:83

And when there comes to them information about ˹public˺ security or fear, they spread it around. But if they had referred it back to the Messenger or to those of authority among them, then the ones who ˹can˺ draw correct conclusions from it would have known about it. And if not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy, you would have followed Satan, except for a few.  

And when there comes to them an issue, ˹news˺ concerning the raiding parties sent by the Prophet (s) and what has happened to them, be it of security, through victory, or of fear, through defeat, they broadcast it, they make it widely-known: this was revealed regarding a group from among the hypocrites, or from among the feeble believers, who used to do this, and so the hearts of the believers would lose courage and the Prophet (s) would become distressed. If they had referred it, the news, to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, that is, the judicious elders among the Companions, in other words, if they had kept quiet about it until they were fully informed; those among them who are able to think it out, ˹those who˺ follow it up and seek knowledge of it, the ones who broadcast it, would have known it, and whether it is a matter that ought be broadcast or not, from them, from the Prophet (s) and those of authority. And but for the bounty of God to you, through Islam, and His mercy, to you through the Qur’ān, you would surely have followed Satan, in the abominations to which he commands you, except a few ˹of you˺.
القرآن:٤:٨٣

وَإِذَا جَاءَهُمْ أَمْرٌ مِنَ الْأَمْنِ أَوِ الْخَوْفِ أَذَاعُوا بِهِ ۖ وَلَوْ رَدُّوهُ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ وَإِلَىٰ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْهُمْ لَعَلِمَهُ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَنْبِطُونَهُ مِنْهُمْ ۗ وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَاتَّبَعْتُمُ الشَّيْطَانَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا  

{وإذا جاءهم أمر} عن سرايا النبي ﷺ ما حصل لهم {من الأمن} بالنصر {أو الخوف} الهزيمة {أذاعوا به} أفشَوه نزل في جماعة من المنافقين أو في ضعفاء المؤمنين كانوا يفعلون ذلك فتضعف قلوب المؤمنين ويتأذى النبي {ولو ردوه} أي الخبر {إلى الرسول وإلى أُولي الأمر منهم} أي الرأي من أكابر الصحابة أي لو سكتوا عنه حتى يخبروا به {لعَلِمَه} هل هو مما ينبغي أن يذاع أو لا {الذين يستنبطونه} يتبعونه ويطلبون علمه وهم المذيعون {منهم} من الرسول وأولي الأمر {ولولا فضل الله عليكم} بالإسلام {ورحمته} لكم بالقرآن {لاتبعتم الشيطان} فيما يأمركم به من الفواحش {إلا قليلا}.
quran:4:84

So fight, ˹O Muhammad˺, in the cause of Allah; you are not held responsible except for yourself. And encourage the believers ˹to join you˺ that perhaps Allah will restrain the ˹military˺ might of those who disbelieve. And Allah is greater in might and stronger in ˹exemplary˺ punishment.  

So fight, O Muhammad (s), in the way of God; you are charged only with yourself, so do not be concerned with their failing to join you, the meaning being: fight, even if you are on your own, for you have been promised victory. And urge on the believers, incite them to fight and make them desire it; maybe God will restrain the might, the war, of the disbelievers; God is mightier, than them, and more severe in castigation, in punishment, than them. And so the Messenger of God (s) said: ‘By Him in Whose Hand is my soul, I shall sally forth ˹to fight˺, even if ˹I go˺ alone’. Thereupon, he sallied forth with seventy cavalrymen to the first ˹battle at˺ Badr, where God restrained the might of the disbelievers by casting terror into their hearts and preventing Abū Sufyān from sallying forth, as has already been mentioned in ˹sūrat˺ Āl ‘Imrān ˹Q. 3:151˺.
القرآن:٤:٨٤

فَقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا تُكَلَّفُ إِلَّا نَفْسَكَ ۚ وَحَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ۖ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَكُفَّ بَأْسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا ۚ وَاللَّهُ أَشَدُّ بَأْسًا وَأَشَدُّ تَنْكِيلًا  

(فقاتل) يا محمد (في سبيل الله لا تكلف إلا نفسك) فلا تهتم بتخلفهم عنك المعنى قاتل ولو وحدك فإنك موعود بالنصر (وحرض المؤمنين) حثهم على القتال ورغبهم فيه (عسى الله أن يكف بأس) حرب (الذين كفروا والله أشد بأسا) منهم (وأشد تنكيلا) تعذبيا منهم فقال رسول الله ﷺ : "" والذي نفسي بيده لأخرجن ولو وحدي "" فخرج بسبعين راكبا إلى بدر الصغرى فكف الله بأس الكفار بإلقاء الرعب في قلوبهم ومنع أبي سفيان عن الخروج كما تقدم في آل عمران.
quran:4:85

Whoever intercedes for a good cause will have a reward therefrom; and whoever intercedes for an evil cause will have a burden therefrom. And ever is Allah, over all things, a Keeper.  

Whoever intercedes, between people, with a good intercession, one in accordance with the Law, shall receive a share of, the reward for, it, because of it; and whoever intercedes with an evil intercession, one in contravention of it ˹the Law˺, shall receive the like, the share of the sin, from it, because of it. God conserves, He has power over, all things, and so requites every person according to his deeds.
القرآن:٤:٨٥

مَنْ يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً حَسَنَةً يَكُنْ لَهُ نَصِيبٌ مِنْهَا ۖ وَمَنْ يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً سَيِّئَةً يَكُنْ لَهُ كِفْلٌ مِنْهَا ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُقِيتًا  

{من يشفع} بين الناس {شفاعة حسنة} موافقة للشرع {يكن له نصيب} من الأجر {منها} بسببها {ومن يشفع شفاعة سيئة} مخالفة له {يكن له كفل} نصيب من الوزر {منها} بسببها {وكان الله على كل شيء مقيتا} مقتدرا فيجازي كلَّ أحد بما عمل.
quran:4:86

And when you are greeted with a greeting, greet ˹in return˺ with one better than it or ˹at least˺ return it ˹in a like manner˺. Indeed, Allah is ever, over all things, an Accountant.  

And when you are greeted with a greeting, as when it is said to you, ‘Peace be upon you’, greet, the one that greeted you, with better than it, by responding to him with, ‘Peace be upon you, and God’s mercy and blessings’, or return it, by saying back to him what he said; in other words, it is a duty to greet in one of these two ways, the former being the preferred one. Surely God keeps count of, He holds ˹you˺ accountable for, all things, and requites accordingly, including things such as returning a greeting. The Sunna specifies that one should not return the greeting of an disbeliever, an innovator, a wicked person, and of the one that greets a person who is in the act of relieving himself, or one in the bath, or one eating — indeed it is actually disapproved with the exception of the last. To the disbeliever ˹who says ‘peace be upon you’˺ one should simply say, ‘And upon you’.
القرآن:٤:٨٦

وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُمْ بِتَحِيَّةٍ فَحَيُّوا بِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا أَوْ رُدُّوهَا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَسِيبًا  

{وإذا حُيِّيتم بتحية} كأن قيل لكم سلام عليكم {فحيُّوا} المحيِّي {بأحسن منها} بأن تقولوا له عليك السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته {أوردُّوها} بأن تقولوا له كما قال أي الواجب أحدهما والأول أفضل {إن الله كان على كل شيء حسيبا} محاسبا فيجازي عليه ومنه ردُّ السلام وخصّت السنة الكافر والمبتدع والفاسق والمسلِّم على قاضي الحاجة ومن في الحمام والآكل فلا يجب الرد عليهم بل يكره في غير الأخير ويقال للكافر وعليك.
quran:4:87

Allah - there is no deity except Him. He will surely assemble you for ˹account on˺ the Day of Resurrection, about which there is no doubt. And who is more truthful than Allah in statement.  

God — there is no god except Him, and by God, He will surely gather you, from your graves, to, on, the Day of Resurrection whereof there is no doubt, no uncertainty. And who is truer in statement, in speech, than God?, that is, no one is.
القرآن:٤:٨٧

اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ ۗ وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَدِيثًا  

{الله لا إله إلا هو} والله {ليجمعنكم} من قبوركم {إلى} في {يوم القيامة لا ريب} لا شك {فيه ومن} أي لا أحد {أصدق من الله حديثا} قولا.
quran:4:88

What is ˹the matter˺ with you ˹that you are˺ two groups concerning the hypocrites, while Allah has made them fall back ˹into error and disbelief˺ for what they earned. Do you wish to guide those whom Allah has sent astray? And he whom Allah sends astray - never will you find for him a way ˹of guidance˺.  

When a group retreated from Uhud, people were at variance over their status. Some said, ‘Let us slay them’, while others said, ‘No!’ So the following was revealed: What is wrong with you, what is the matter with you, that you have become two parties, two groups, regarding the hypocrites, when God has overthrown them, He has turned them back ˹to disbelief˺, for what they earned?, in the way of disbelief and acts of disobedience. What, do you desire to guide him whom God has sent astray?, that is, to count them among the guided (the interrogative in both places is for disapproval). And he whom God sends astray, you will never find for him a way, a path to guidance.
القرآن:٤:٨٨

فَمَا لَكُمْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ أَرْكَسَهُمْ بِمَا كَسَبُوا ۚ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَهْدُوا مَنْ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ ۖ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَنْ تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلًا  

ولما رجع ناس من أُحد اختلف الناس فيهم، فقال فريق اقتلهم، وقال فريق: لا، فنزل: {فما لكم} ما شأنكم صرتم {في المنافقين فئتين} {والله أركسهم} ردهم {بما كسبوا} من الكفر والمعاصي {أتريدون أن تهدوا من أضلًـ} ـه {الله} أي تعدوهم من جملة المهتدين، والاستفهام في الموضعين للإنكار {ومن يضللـ} ـه {اللهُ فلن تجد له سبيلا} طريقا إلى الهدى.
quran:4:89

They wish you would disbelieve as they disbelieved so you would be alike. So do not take from among them allies until they emigrate for the cause of Allah. But if they turn away, then seize them and kill them wherever you find them and take not from among them any ally or helper.  

They long, they wish, that you should disbelieve as they disbelieve, so then you, and they, would be equal, in unbelief; therefore do not take friends from among them, associating with them, even if they should ˹outwardly˺ manifest belief, until they emigrate in the way of God, a proper emigration that would confirm their belief; then, if they turn away, and remain upon their ways, take them, as captives, and slay them wherever you find them; and do not take any of them as a patron, to associate with, or as a helper, to assist you against your enemy.
القرآن:٤:٨٩

وَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُوا فَتَكُونُونَ سَوَاءً ۖ فَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ حَتَّىٰ يُهَاجِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَخُذُوهُمْ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ ۖ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْهُمْ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا  

{ودُّوا} تمنوا {لو تكفرون كما كفروا فتكونون} أنتم وهم {سواء} في الكفر {فلا تتخذوا منهم أولياء} توالونهم وإن أظهروا الإيمان {حتى يهاجروا في سبيل الله} هجرة صحيحة تحقق إيمانهم {فإن تَوَلَّوْا} وأقاموا على ما هم عليه {فخذوهم} بالأسر {واقتلوهم حيث وجدتموهم ولا تتخذوا منهم وليا} توالونه {ولا نصيرا} تنتصرون به على عدوكم.
quran:4:90

Except for those who take refuge with a people between yourselves and whom is a treaty or those who come to you, their hearts strained at ˹the prospect of˺ fighting you or fighting their own people. And if Allah had willed, He could have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. So if they remove themselves from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then Allah has not made for you a cause ˹for fighting˺ against them.  

Except those who attach themselves to, ˹who˺ seek refuge with, a people between whom and you there is a covenant, a pledge of security for them and for whoever attaches himself to them, in the manner of the Prophet’s (s) covenant with Hilāl b. ‘Uwaymir al-Aslamī; or, those who, come to you with their breasts constricted, dejected, about the prospect of fighting you, ˹being˺ on the side of their people, or fighting their people, siding with you, in other words, ˹those who come to you˺ refraining from fighting either you or them, then do not interfere with them, neither taking them as captives nor slaying them: this statement and what follows was abrogated by the ‘sword’ verse. Had God willed, to give them sway over you, He would have given them sway over you, by strengthening their hearts, so that assuredly they would have fought you: but God did not will it and so He cast terror into their hearts. And so if they stay away from you and do not fight you, and offer you peace, reconciliation, that is, ˹if˺ they submit, then God does not allow you any way against them, ˹He does not allow you˺ a means to take them captive or to slay them.
القرآن:٤:٩٠

إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَىٰ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ أَوْ جَاءُوكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ أَوْ يُقَاتِلُوا قَوْمَهُمْ ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَسَلَّطَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَقَاتَلُوكُمْ ۚ فَإِنِ اعْتَزَلُوكُمْ فَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ وَأَلْقَوْا إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ فَمَا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبِيلًا  

{إلا الذين يصلون} يلجئون {إلى قوم بينكم وبينهم ميثاق} عهد بالأمان لهم ولمن وصل إليهم كما عاهد النبي ﷺ هلال بن عويمر الأسلمي {أو} الذين {جاَءُوكم} وقد {حَصِرَتْ} ضاقت {صدورهم} عن {أن يقاتلوكم} مع قومهم {أو يقاتلوا قومهم} معكم أي ممسكين عن قتالكم وقتالهم فلا تتعرضوا إليهم بأخذ ولا قتل وهذا ما بعده منسوخ بآية السيف {ولو شاء الله} تسليطهم عليكم {لسلطهم عليكم} بأن يقّوي قلوبهم {فلقاتلوكم} ولكنه لم يشأه فألقى في قلوبهم الرعب {فإن اعتزلوكم فلم يقاتلوكم وألقوا إليكم السَّلَمَ} الصلح أي انقادوا {فما جعل الله لكم عليهم سبيلا} طريقا بالأخذ والقتال.
quran:4:91

You will find others who wish to obtain security from you and ˹to˺ obtain security from their people. Every time they are returned to ˹the influence of˺ disbelief, they fall back into it. So if they do not withdraw from you or offer you peace or restrain their hands, then seize them and kill them wherever you overtake them. And those - We have made for you against them a clear authorization.  

You will find others desiring to have security from you, by manifesting belief before you, and security from their own people, through unbelief, when they return to them, and these were ˹the tribes of˺ Asad and Ghatafān; yet whenever they are returned to sedition, ˹whenever˺ they are summoned to idolatry, they are overwhelmed by it, falling into it in the worst of ways. So, if they do not stay away from you, by refraining from fighting you, and, do not, offer you peace, and, do not, restrain their hands, from you, then take them, as captives, and slay them wherever you come upon them, ˹wherever˺ you find them; against them We have given you clear warrant, a clear and manifest proof for you to slay them and capture them, on account of their treachery.
القرآن:٤:٩١

سَتَجِدُونَ آخَرِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَأْمَنُوكُمْ وَيَأْمَنُوا قَوْمَهُمْ كُلَّ مَا رُدُّوا إِلَى الْفِتْنَةِ أُرْكِسُوا فِيهَا ۚ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْتَزِلُوكُمْ وَيُلْقُوا إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ وَيَكُفُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَخُذُوهُمْ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ ۚ وَأُولَٰئِكُمْ جَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانًا مُبِينًا  

{ستجدون آخرين يريدون أن يأمنوكم} بإظهار الإيمان عندكم {ويأمنوا قومهم} بالكفر إذا رجعوا إليهم وهم أسد وغطفان {كلما رُدُّوا إلى الفتنة} دعوا إلى الشرك {أركسوا فيها} وقعوا أشد وقوع {فإن لم يعتزلوكم} بترك قتالكم {و} لم {يلقوا إليكم السَّلم و} لم {يكفوا أيديهم} عنكم {فخذوهم} بالأسر {واقتلوهم حيث ثقفتموهم} وجدتموهم {وأولئكم جعلنا لكم عليهم سلطانا مبينا} برهانا بينا ظاهرً على قتلهم وسبيهم لغدرهم.
quran:4:92

And never is it for a believer to kill a believer except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer by mistake - then the freeing of a believing slave and a compensation payment presented to the deceased's family ˹is required˺ unless they give ˹up their right as˺ charity. But if the deceased was from a people at war with you and he was a believer - then ˹only˺ the freeing of a believing slave; and if he was from a people with whom you have a treaty - then a compensation payment presented to his family and the freeing of a believing slave. And whoever does not find ˹one or cannot afford to buy one˺ - then ˹instead˺, a fast for two months consecutively, ˹seeking˺ acceptance of repentance from Allah. And Allah is ever Knowing and Wise.  

It is not for a believer to slay a believer, in other words, no such slaying should result at his hands, except by mistake, killing him by mistake, unintentionally. He who slays a believer by mistake, when he meant to strike some other thing, as in the case of hunting or ˹shooting at˺ trees, but then happens to strike him with what in most cases would not kill, then let him set free, let him emancipate, a believing slave (raqaba denotes nasama, ‘a person’), an obligation on him, and blood-money is to be submitted, to be paid, to his family, that is, the slain person’s inheritors, unless they remit it as a charity, to him by waiving ˹their claim to˺ it. In the Sunna this ˹blood-money˺ is explained as being equivalent to one hundred camels: twenty pregnant, twenty female sucklings, twenty male sucklings, twenty mature ones and twenty young ones ˹not more than five years old˺; and ˹the Sunna stipulates˺ that it is incumbent upon the killer’s clan, namely, his paternal relations ˹and not other relatives˺. They share this ˹burden of the blood-money˺ over three years; the rich among them pays half a dinar, while the one of moderate means ˹pays˺ a quarter of a dinar each year; if they still cannot meet this, then it can be taken from the treasury, and if this is not possible, then from the killer himself. If he, the slain, belongs to a people at enmity, at war, with you and is a believer, then the setting free of a believing slave, is incumbent upon the slayer, as a redemption, but no bloodmoney is to be paid to his family, since they are at war ˹with you˺. If he, the slain, belongs to a people between whom and you there is a covenant, a treaty, as is the case with the Protected People (ahl al-dhimma), then the blood-money, for him, must be paid to his family, and it constitutes a third of the blood-money for a believer, if the slain be a Jew or a Christian, and two thirds of a tenth of it, if he be a Magian; and the setting free of a believing slave, is incumbent upon the slayer. But if he has not the wherewithal, for ˹setting free˺ a slave, failing to find one, or the means to obtain one, then the fasting of two successive months, is incumbent upon him as a redemption: here God does not mention the transition to ˹an alternative to fasting which is˺ giving food ˹to the needy˺, as in the case of ˹repudiating one’s wife by˺ zihār, something which alShāfi‘ī advocates in the more correct of two opinions of his; a relenting from God (tawbatan, ‘relenting’, is the verbal noun, and is in the accusative because of the implied verb). And God is ever Knowing, of His creation, Wise, in what He has ordained for them.
القرآن:٤:٩٢

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً ۚ وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَصَّدَّقُوا ۚ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ ۖ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ ۖ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا  

{وما كان لمؤمن أن يقتل مؤمنا} أي ما ينبغي أن يصدر منه قتل له {إلا خطئا} مخطئا في قتله من غير قصد {ومن قتل مؤمنا خطأ} بأن قصد رمي غيره كصيد أو شجرة فأصابه أو ضربه بما لا يقتل غالبا {فتحرير} عتق {رقبة} نسمة {مؤمنة} عليه {ودية مسلمة} مؤداة {إلى أهله} أي ورثة المقتول {إلا أن يصَّدقوا} يتصدقوا عليه بها بأن يعفوا عنها وبينت السنة أنها مائة من الإبل عشرون بنت مخاض وكذا بنات لبون وبنو لبون، وحقاق وجذاع وأنها على عاقلة القاتل وهم عصبته إلا الأصل والفرع موزعة عليهم على ثلاث سنين على الغني منهم نصف دينار والمتوسط ربع كل سنة فان لم يفوا فمن بيت المال فإن تعذر فعلى الجاني {فإن كان} المقتول {من قوم عدوٌ} حرب {لكم وهو مؤمن فتحرير رقبة مؤمنة} على قاتله كفارة ولا دية تسلم إلى أهله لحرابتهم {وإن كان} المقتول {من قوم بينكم وبينهم ميثاق} عهد كأهل الذمة {فدية} له {مسلَّمة إلى أهله} وهي ثلث دية المؤمن إن كان يهوديا أو نصرانيا وثلثا عشرها إن كان مجوسيا {وتحرير رقبة مؤمنة} على قاتله {فمن لم يجد} الرقبة بأن فقدها وما يحصلها به {فصيام شهرين متتابعين} عليه كفارة ولم يذكر الله تعالى الانتقال إلى الطعام كالظهار وبه أخذ الشافعي في أصح قوليه {توبة من اللهِ} مصدر منصوب بفعله المقدر {وكان الله عليما} بخلقه {حكيما} فيما دبره لهم.
quran:4:93

But whoever kills a believer intentionally - his recompense is Hell, wherein he will abide eternally, and Allah has become angry with him and has cursed him and has prepared for him a great punishment.  

And whoever slays a believer deliberately, intending to kill him, with something that is lethal, aware of the fact that he ˹the slain˺ is a believer, his requital is Hell, abiding therein, and God is wroth with him and has cursed him, He has removed him from His mercy, and has prepared for him a mighty chastisement, in the Fire: this may be explained as ˹referring to˺ the person that deems such ˹killing˺ licit, or as being his requital if he were to be requited, but it would not be anything new if this threat ˹of punishment˺ were to be forgone, because of what He says: Other than that ˹that is, idolatry˺ He forgives whomever He will ˹Q. 4:48˺. It is reported from Ibn ‘Abbās that it ˹the verse˺ should be understood as it stands, abrogating other verses of ‘forgiveness’. The verse in ˹sūrat˺ al-Baqara ˹Q. 2:178˺ clearly indicates that the one who kills deliberately should be killed in return, or if he is pardoned then he has to pay the blood-money, the value of which has already been mentioned. It is made clear in the Sunna that between the intentional and the unintentional, there is a type of killing that is identified as ˹being with˺ quasi-deliberate intent (shibh al‘amd), where the killer has slain with what in most cases is not ˹a˺ lethal ˹implement˺. In such a case, there is no ˹right to˺ retaliation and blood-money is paid instead, so that it ˹this type of killing˺ is described as intentional, but ˹considered˺ unintentional in ˹that there applies˺ the fixing of the period ˹for payment˺ and the sharing of the burden ˹by the killer’s clan˺; in this ˹case˺ and that of intentional killing redemption is more urgent than in unintentional killing.
القرآن:٤:٩٣

وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا عَظِيمًا  

{ومن يقتل مؤمنا متعمِّدا} بأن يقصد قتله بما يقتل غالبا عالما بإيمانه {فجزاؤه جهنم خالدا فيها وغضب الله عليه ولعنه} أبعده من رحمته {وأعد له عذابا عظيما} في النار وهذا مؤوَّل بمن يستحله أو بأن هذا جزاؤه إن جُوزي ولا يدفع في خلف الوعيد لقوله (ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء) وعن ابن عباس أنها على ظاهرها وأنها ناسخة لغيرها من آيات المغفرة وبينت آية البقرة أن قاتل العمد يقتل به وأن عليه الدية إن عفي عنه وسبق قدرها وبينت السنة أن بين العمد والخطأ قتلا يسمى شبه العمد وهو أن يقتله بما لا يقتل غالبا فلا قصاص فيه بل دية كالعمد في الصفة والخطأ في التأجيل والحمل وهو والعمد أولى بالكفارة من الخطأ.
quran:4:94

O you who have believed, when you go forth ˹to fight˺ in the cause of Allah, investigate; and do not say to one who gives you ˹a greeting of˺ peace "You are not a believer," aspiring for the goods of worldly life; for with Allah are many acquisitions. You ˹yourselves˺ were like that before; then Allah conferred His favor upon you, so investigate. Indeed Allah is ever, with what you do, Acquainted.  

The following was revealed when a group from among the Companions passed by a man from the Banū Sulaym driving his flock of sheep, and he offered them a greeting of peace. But they said, ‘He only greeted us dissimulating, out of fear’. So they killed him and took away his flock: O you who believe, when you are going forth, travelling in order to struggle, in the way of God, be discriminating (fa-tabayyanū; a variant reading has fa-tathabbatū, ‘ascertain’, here and further below); and do not say to him who offers you peace (read al-salām or al-salam), that is, the greeting, or ˹offers you˺ submission, declaring the profession of faith (shahāda), which is an indication of being a Muslim: ‘You are not a believer: you are only saying this to dissimulate for fear of your life and property’, so that you then end up killing him, desiring, seeking by this, the transient goods of the life of this world, that is, its enjoyment, in the way of spoils. With God are plenteous spoils, rendering you free of the need to kill such a person for his property. So you were formerly, when your lives and property were protected simply upon your professing the faith; but God has been gracious to you, making you known for your faith and uprightness. So be discriminating, lest you kill a believer and treat those entering the religion as you were treated ˹formerly˺. Surely God is ever Aware of what you do, and will requite you for it.
القرآن:٤:٩٤

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَىٰ إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا  

ونزل لما مر نفر من الصحابة برجل من بني سليم وهو يسوق غنما فسلم عليهم فقالوا ما سلم علينا إلا تقية فقتلوه واستاقوا غنمه {يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا ضربتم} سافرتم للجهاد {في سبيل الله فتبينوا} وفي قراءة فتثبتوا في الموضعين {ولا تقولوا لمن ألقى إليكم السلام} بألف أو دونها أي التحية أو الانقياد بكلمة الشهادة التي هي أمارة على الإسلام {لست مؤمنا} وإنما قلت هذا تقيه لنفسك ومالك فقتلوه {تبتغون} تطلبون لذلك {عرَضَ الحياة الدنيا} متاعها من الغنيمة {فعند الله مغانم كثيرة} تغنيكم عن قتل مثله لماله {كذلك كنتم من قبل} تعصم دماؤكم وأموالكم بمجرد قولكم الشهادة {فمنَّ الله عليكم} بالاشتهار وبالإيمان والاستقامة {فتبينوا} أن تقتلوا مؤمناً وافعلوا بالداخل في الإسلام كما فُعل بكم {إن الله كان بما تعملون خبيرا} فيجازيكم به.
quran:4:95

Not equal are those believers remaining ˹at home˺ - other than the disabled - and the mujahideen, ˹who strive and fight˺ in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives. Allah has preferred the mujahideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain ˹behind˺, by degrees. And to both Allah has promised the best ˹reward˺. But Allah has preferred the mujahideen over those who remain ˹behind˺ with a great reward -  

The believers who sit at home, away from the struggle, other than those who have an injury, such as a chronic illness or blindness or the like (read in the nominative, ghayru ūlī l-darar, ‘other than those who have an injury’, as an adjectival clause; or in the accusative, ghayra ūlī l-darar, as an exceptive clause) are not the equals of those who struggle in the way of God with their possessions and their lives. God has preferred those who struggle with their possessions and their lives over the ones who sit at home, on account of some injury, by a degree, by ˹a degree of˺ merit, since both have the same intention, but the extra degree is given to those who have carried out the struggle; yet to each, of the two groups, God has promised the goodly reward, Paradise, and God has preferred those who struggle over the ones who sit at home, without any injury, with a great reward (ajran ‘azīman, is substituted by ˹the following, darajātin minhu˺),
القرآن:٤:٩٥

لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ ۚ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً ۚ وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا  

{لا يستوي القاعدون من المؤمنين} عن الجهاد {غير أولي الضرر} بالرفع صفة والنصب استثناء من زمانة أو عمى ونحوه {والمجاهدون في سبيل الله بأموالهم وأنفسهم فضَّل الله المجاهدين بأموالهم وأنفسهم على القاعدين} لضرر {درجة} فضيلة لاستوائهما في النية وزيادة المجاهدين بالمباشرة {وكلاٌ} من الفريقين {وعد الله الحسنى} الجنة {وفضَّل الله المجاهدين على القاعدين} لغير ضرر {أجرا عظيما} ويبدل منه.
quran:4:96

Degrees ˹of high position˺ from Him and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.  

degrees, that is, stations one higher than the other in honour, from Him, and forgiveness and mercy (maghfiratan and rahmatan are in the accusative because ˹they constitute an object˺ of the implied verb ˹faddala, ‘He has preferred’˺). Surely God is ever Forgiving, to His friends, Merciful, to those that obey Him.
القرآن:٤:٩٦

دَرَجَاتٍ مِنْهُ وَمَغْفِرَةً وَرَحْمَةً ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

{درجات منه} منازل بعضها فوق بعض من الكرامة {ومغفرة ورحمة} منصوبان بفعلهما المقدر {وكان الله غفورا} لأوليائه {رحيما} بأهل طاعته. ونزل في جماعة أسلموا ولم يهاجروا فقتلوا يوم بدر مع الكفار.
quran:4:97

Indeed, those whom the angels take ˹in death˺ while wronging themselves - ˹the angels˺ will say, "In what ˹condition˺ were you?" They will say, "We were oppressed in the land." The angels will say, "Was not the earth of Allah spacious ˹enough˺ for you to emigrate therein?" For those, their refuge is Hell - and evil it is as a destination.  

The following was revealed regarding a group of people who submitted to Islam but did not emigrate and were then slain in the battle of Badr alongside the disbelievers: And those whom the angels take ˹in death˺, while they are wronging their souls, having remained among the disbelievers and neglected to emigrate, the angels will say, to them in rebuke: ‘What was your predicament?’, in other words, ‘in what circumstances were you with regard to your religion’. They will say, giving excuses, ‘We were oppressed, unable to establish religion, in the land’, the land of Mecca. The angels will say, to them in rebuke: ‘But was not God’s earth spacious that you might have emigrated therein?’, from the land of unbelief to another land, as others did? God, exalted be He, says: as for such, their abode shall be Hell — an evil journey’s end, it is!
القرآن:٤:٩٧

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنْتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا ۚ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا  

{إن الذين توفاهم الملائكة ظالمي أنفسهم} بالمقام مع الكفار وترك الهجرة {قالوا} لهم موبخين {فيم كنتم} أي في شيء كنتم في أمر دينكم {قالوا} معتذرين {كنا مستضعَفين} عاجزين عن إقامة الدين {في الأرض} أرض مكة {قالوا} لهم توبيخا {ألم تكن أرض الله واسعة فتهاجروا فيها} من أرض الكفر إلى بلد آخر كما فعل غيركم، قال الله تعالى {فأولئك مأواهم جهنم وساءت مصيرا} هي.
quran:4:98

Except for the oppressed among men, women and children who cannot devise a plan nor are they directed to a way -  

Except the oppressed among the men, women, and children who are unable to devise a plan, having no strength to emigrate and no substance, and are not guided to a way, a means ˹of going˺ to the land of emigration.
القرآن:٤:٩٨

إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا  

{إلا المستضعفين من الرجال والنساء والولدان} الذين {لا يستطيعون حيلة} لا قوة لهم على الهجرة ولا نفقة {ولا يهتدون سبيلا} طريقا إلى أرض الهجرة.
quran:4:99

For those it is expected that Allah will pardon them, and Allah is ever Pardoning and Forgiving.  

As for such, perhaps God will pardon them, for God is ever Pardoning, Forgiving.
القرآن:٤:٩٩

فَأُولَٰئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا  

{فأولئك عسى اللهُ أن يعفو عنهم وكان الله عفوَّا غفورا}.
quran:4:100

And whoever emigrates for the cause of Allah will find on the earth many ˹alternative˺ locations and abundance. And whoever leaves his home as an emigrant to Allah and His Messenger and then death overtakes him - his reward has already become incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.  

Whoever emigrates in the way of God will find in the earth many refuges, places of emigration, and abundance, of provision; whoever goes forth from his house as an emigrant to God and His Messenger, and then death overtakes him, along the way, as occurred with Junda‘ ˹or Jundab˺ b. Damra al-Laythī, his wage is then incumbent upon, fixed ˹with˺, God; surely God is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
القرآن:٤:١٠٠

وَمَنْ يُهَاجِرْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُرَاغَمًا كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً ۚ وَمَنْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا  

{ومن يهاجر في سبيل الله يجد في الأرض مراغما} مهاجرا {كثيرا وسعة} في الرزق {ومن يخرج من بيته مهاجرا إلى الله ورسوله ثم يدركه الموت} في الطريق كما وقع لجندع بن ضمرة الليثي {فقد وقع} ثبت {أجره على الله وكان الله غفورا رحيما}.