[Machine] I witnessed in front of a sheikh over a Quran, so he alone approved his testimony.  

شَهِدْتُ عِنْدَ شُرَيْحٍ عَلَى مُصْحَفٍ فَأَجَازَ شَهَادَتَهُ وَحْدَهُ  

[Machine] There was a permission to accept the testimony of a single witness if he was known along with the affirmation of the student in a minor matter.  

كَانَ شُرَيْحٌ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ إِذَا عَرَفَهُ مَعَ يَمِينِ الطَّالِبِ فِي الشَّيْءِ الْيَسِيرِ  

[Machine] That Yahya bin Ya'mar used to rule by the testimony of a witness and an oath.  

أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ يَعْمَرَ كَانَ يَقْضِي بِشَهَادَةِ شَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ  

[Machine] Bukairun walam yazal yaqdi bidhalika indana.

Bukairun and he still does that with us.  

بُكَيْرٌ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْضِي بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا  

[Machine] Kalthum and Abu Thabit were Sulaiman ibn Habib, a judge of the people of Madinah, for thirty years, deciding by the testimony of witnesses.  

كُلْثُومٌ وَكَانَ أَبُو ثَابِتٍ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَاضِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً يَقْضِي بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, "Fa'ata', who is a scholar, issues rulings based on oath-taking, along with the testimony, regarding matters that none of our companions have expressed an opinion about. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, "Oath-taking, along with the testimony, does not contradict the apparent meaning of the Quran. This is because we pass judgment based on two witnesses, and with the testimony of two women. It is not a matter of oath-taking. Therefore, when there is a witness, we pass judgment based on the testimony and the oath. This is not contrary to the apparent meaning of the Quran, as it did not forbid the option of allowing less than what it explicitly stated in its book." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is the most knowledgeable regarding the intended meaning of Allah (ﷻ), and Allah (ﷻ) has commanded us to take what He has given us and to abstain from what He has forbidden, and we seek from Allah knowledge, protection, and success."  

الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَعَطَاءٌ يُفْتِي بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فِيمَا لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالْيَمِينُ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ لَا يُخَالِفُ مِنْ ظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْئًا لِأَنَّا نَحْكُمُ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ وَبِشَاهِدٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ وَلَا يَمِينَ فَإِذَا كَانَ شَاهِدٌ حَكَمْنَا بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِخِلَافِ ظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ أَنْ يَجُوزَ أَقَلُّ مِمَّا نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى مَا أَرَادَ اللهُ ﷻ وَقَدْ أَمَرَنَا اللهُ ﷻ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ مَا آتَانَا وَنَنْتَهِيَ عَمَّا نَهَانَا وَنَسْأَلُ اللهَ الْعِصْمَةَ وَالتَّوْفِيقَ  

[Machine] About the jurists who agree on the saying of the people of Madinah, they used to say that the right hand should not be combined with the witness in matters of divorce, emancipation, or separation. They did not permit the testimony of women except when there was no man who could witness except for women. They would say that whoever has a witness testify for him about the killing of his slave, he must swear an oath with his witness once and the value of his slave must be demanded.  

عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَا تَكُونُ الْيَمِينُ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَلَا الْعِتَاقِ وَلَا الْفُرْقَةِ وَلَمْ يَكُونُوا يُجِيزُونَ شَهَادَةَ النِّسَاءِ لَا رَجُلَ مَعَهُنَّ إِلَّا فِيمَا لَا يَرَاهُ إِلَّا النِّسَاءُ وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ مَنْ شَهِدَ لَهُ شَاهِدٌ عَلَى قَتْلِ عَبْدِهِ حَلَفَ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ يَمِينًا وَاحِدَةً وَاسْتَوْجَبَ قِيمَةَ عَبْدِهِ  

[Machine] He informed him that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "No one should take an oath on a sinful oath while standing on my pulpit, not even if it is on green twigs, except that he takes his place in the Fire, or the Fire is made obligatory for him." Abu Dhamrah Anas ibn 'Iyad narrated this from Hashim ibn Hashim at this pulpit.  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا يَحْلِفْ أَحَدٌ عَلَى يَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ عِنْدَ مِنْبَرِي هَذَا وَلَوْ عَلَى سِوَاكٍ أَخْضَرَ إِلَّا تَبَوَّأَ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ أَوْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ النَّارُ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ أَبُو ضَمْرَةَ أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ عَنْ هَاشِمِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ عِنْدَ هَذَا الْمِنْبَرِ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ said, whoever swears upon my pulpit with a false oath, let him take his place in the fire."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِي هَذَا بِيَمِينٍ آثِمَةٍ تَبَوَّأَ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ  

[Machine] "That I send to me Baqis bin Makshuh in shackles, and I shall make him swear by fifty oaths at the pulpit of the Prophet, ﷺ , that he did not kill Dadawayh, and it was narrated in the past. He said: I was informed by someone who is reliable from Dahhak bin Uthman from Al-Maqburiy from Nawfal bin Musahiq, who mentioned it in general and completed it from him."  

أَنِ ابْعَثْ إِلِيَّ بَقِيسِ بْنِ مَكْشُوحٍ فِي وَثَاقٍ فَأَحْلِفْهُ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا عِنْدَ مِنْبَرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا قَتَلَ دَادَوَيْهِ وَرَوَاهُ فِي الْقَدِيمِ فَقَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْ نَثِقُ بِهِ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ مُسَاحِقٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ  

[Machine] He (Omar Ibn Al-Khattab) asked her (his wife) for the last time to swear, telling her, "What did you mean by your words?" They were sent (because of this incident), both of them witness to what had transpired between them regarding the transfer of the right to the Sacred Mosque.  

لِامْرَأَتِهِ حَبْلُكِ عَلَى غَارِبِكِ مِرَارًا فَأَتَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ بَيْنَ الرُّكْنِ وَالْمَقَامِ مَا الَّذِي أَرَدْتَ بِقَوْلِكَ؟ وَهُمَا مُرْسَلَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا يُؤَكِّدُ صَاحِبَهُ فِيمَا اجْتَمَعَا فِيهِ مِنْ نَقْلِ الْيَمِينِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ  

[Machine] "This is the statement of the rulers of the Makkans, their religious scholars, and their argument in consensus, that a Muslim man and al-Qaddah informed me, from Ibn Jurayj, from Ikrimah ibn Khalid, that Abdul Rahman ibn Auf saw a group of people swearing oaths between the Maqam and the House (Kaaba). He said, 'Is the bloodshed greater?' They replied, 'No.' He said, 'Is there a huge amount of wealth involved?' They said, 'No.' He said, 'I feared that people would find joy in this place.' Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'So they concluded that the huge amount of wealth does not exceed twenty dinars.' Malik said, 'He swore an oath on the pulpit for a quarter of a dinar.' The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'His statement, 'people would find joy,' means that they would become attached to it and its awe would disappear from their hearts.' Abu Ubaid said, 'It is said to delight in something when you become attached to it.'"  

وَهَذَا قَوْلُ حُكَّامِ الْمَكِّيِّينَ وَمُفْتِيهِمْ وَمِنْ حُجَّتِهِمْ فِيهِ مَعَ إِجْمَاعِهِمْ أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا وَالْقَدَّاحَ أَخْبَرَانِي عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ ؓ رَأَى قَوْمًا يَحْلِفُونَ بَيْنَ الْمَقَامِ وَالْبَيْتِ فَقَالَ أَعْلَى دَمٍ؟ فَقَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَعَلَى عَظِيمٍ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ؟ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ لَقَدْ خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَبْهَى النَّاسُ هَذَا الْمَقَامَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَذَهَبُوا إِلَى أَنَّ الْعَظِيمَ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ مَا وُصِفَتْ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ دِينَارًا فَصَاعِدًا قَالَ وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ عَلَى رُبْعِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَوْلُهُ يَبْهَى النَّاسَ يَعْنِي يَأْنَسُوا بِهِ فَتَذْهَبَ هَيْبَتُهُ مِنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ يُقَالُ بَهَأْتُ بِالشَّيْءِ إِذَا أَنِسْتُ بِهِ  

[Machine] Marwan said, "No, by Allah, except for matters of rights." So Zaid began to swear that his right was true and refused to swear on the pulpit. This made Marwan marvel. Malik said that Zaid disliked taking an oath.  

مَرْوَانُ لَا وَاللهِ إِلَّا عِنْدَ مَقَاطِعِ الْحُقُوقِ فَجَعَلَ زَيْدٌ يَحْلِفُ أَنَّ حَقَّهُ لَحَقٌّ وَيَأْبَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَجَعَلَ مَرْوَانُ يَعْجَبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ كَرِهَ زَيْدٌ صَبْرَ الْيَمِينِ  

[Machine] And Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, had his oath of allegiance sworn to him on the pulpit, so he hesitated and redeemed himself from it. He said, "I fear that I may face a calamity that will be attributed to my oath."  

وَأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ ؓ رُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَاتَّقَاهَا وَافْتَدَى مِنْهَا وَقَالَ أَخَافُ أَنْ يُوَافِقَ قَدَرَ بَلَاءٍ فَيُقَالَ بِيَمِينِهِ  

[Machine] He swore her by the maqam (sacred place), and if she was lying, calamity would not befall her until her breath turned white. She was sworn and she swore, and calamity did not befall her until her breath turned white.  

اسْتَحْلِفْهَا عِنْدَ الْمَقَامِ فَإِنَّهَا إِنْ كَانَتْ كَاذِبَةً لَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ حَتَّى يَبْيَضَّ ثَدْيَاهَا فَاسْتُحْلِفَتْ فَحَلَفَتْ فَلَمْ يَحُلْ عَلَيْهَا الْحَوْلُ حَتَّى ابْيَضَّ ثَدْيَاهَا  

[Machine] This is a matter that did not exist during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He swore them both after Asr prayer. Abu Nasr ibn Qatadah informed us, Abu Mansour al-Abbas ibn Al-Fadl informed us, Ahmad ibn Najdah narrated to us, Saeed ibn Mansour narrated to us, Hushaim narrated to us, Zakariya narrated from Al-Sha'bi, and he mentioned it.  

هَذَا أَمْرٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَعْدَ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَحْلَفَهُمَا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ مَا خَانَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ثنا هُشَيْمٌ أنبأ زَكَرِيَّا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that there are three types of people whom Allah will neither speak to on the Day of Judgment, nor purify them, and they will have a painful punishment. The first is a man who withholds water from a traveler on the road. The second is a person who pledges allegiance to a leader for worldly gains, and if he is given what he desires, he remains loyal, but if he is not given, he does not fulfill his pledge. The third is a person who engages in a transaction after the afternoon prayer and then swears by Allah that he was offered a certain price for it, while in reality, the other person who heard the oath believes him and pays the amount. This is the narration of Jarir and it is not found in the narration of Waki.

(Arabic source: أَخْرَجَهُ البُخَارِيُّ [4048]/ مُسْلِمٌ [105] وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ [3411] وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ [1331])  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ رَجُلٌ عَلَى فَضْلِ مَاءٍ بِالطَّرِيقِ يَمْنَعُ ابْنَ السَّبِيلِ مِنْهُ وَرَجُلٌ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا لِلدُّنْيَا فَإِنْ أَعْطَاهُ مَا يُرِيدُ وَفَى لَهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطَ لَمْ يَفِ لَهُ وَرَجُلٌ سَاوَمَ رَجُلًا عَلَى سِلْعَةٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَحَلَفَ بِاللهِ لَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ بِهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا فَصَدَّقَهُ الْآخَرُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ جَرِيرٍ وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ وَرَجُلٌ بَايَعَ إِمَامًا  

The Prophet ﷺ said, "(There are) three (types of persons to whom) Allah will neither speak to them on the Day of Resurrections, nor look at them (They are):--(1) a man who takes a false oath that he has been offered for a commodity a price greater than what he has actually been offered; (2) and a man who takes a false oath after the ʿAsr (prayer) in order to grab the property of a Muslim through it; (3) and a man who forbids others to use the remaining superfluous water. To such a man Allah will say on the Day of Resurrection, 'Today I withhold My Blessings from you as you withheld the superfluous part of that (water) which your hands did not create.' " (Using translation from Bukhārī 7446)   

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ رَجُلٌ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ فَيَقْتَطِعُهُ وَرَجُلٌ حَلَفَ لَقَدْ أُعْطِيَ بِسِلْعَتِهِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا أَعْطَى وَهُوَ كَاذِبٌ وَرَجُلٌ مَنَعَ فَضْلَ مَاءٍ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ أَمْنَعُكَ فَضْلِي كَمَا مَنَعْتَ فَضْلَ مَا لَمْ تَعْمَلْهُ يَدُكَ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ كَمَا أَخْرَجْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ إِحْيَاءِ الْمَوَاتِ عَالِيًا  

[Machine] I detained them after the Asr prayer, and then recited to them, "Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their [own] oaths for a small price" [Al-Imran 77]. They then confessed.  

احْبِسْهُمَا بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ اقْرَأْ عَلَيْهِمَا {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] فَفَعَلْتُ؛ فَاعْتَرَفَتْ  

[Machine] Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "I saw Mutarraf in Sana'a taking an oath on the Quran." Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "There are rulers from the past who used to take oaths on the Quran, and in my opinion, that is commendable."  

الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرَأَيْتُ مُطَرِّفًا بِصَنْعَاءَ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْمُصْحَفِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنْ حُكَّامِ الْآفَاقِ مَنْ يَسْتَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْمُصْحَفِ وَذَلِكَ عِنْدِي حَسَنٌ  

[Machine] Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz and Abu Abdul Rahman As-Salami and others informed us, they said: Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad bin Ya'qub informed us, he said: Al-Hasan bin Ali bin Affan informed us, he said: Ibn Numair narrated from Al-A'mash, from Shaqeeq, he said: Abdullah said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever swears an oath by a false claim with which he seeks to deprive a Muslim of his wealth while he is innocent, he will meet Allah while He is angry with him."  

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ثنا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ شَقِيقٍ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينِ صَبْرٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever swears an oath in order to unlawfully take the wealth of a Muslim, he will meet Allah while Allah is angry with him. The confirmation of this is in the book of Allah (swt): 'Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their [own] oaths for a small price...' [Al-Imran 3:77]". Until the end of the verse.

Al-Ash'ath bin Qays entered and said, "What has Abu 'Abdur-Rahman told you?" They said, "So and so." He said, "He spoke the truth. The verse was revealed concerning me and a man in Yemen who had a dispute. We presented the case to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he asked, 'Do you have any evidence?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'Then take an oath.' So I swore an oath. He said, 'Whoever swears an oath in order to unlawfully take the wealth of a Muslim, he will meet Allah while Allah is angry with him.' So Allah (swt) revealed the verse: 'Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their [own] oaths for a small price...' [Al-Imran 3:77]" until the end of the verse.  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينِ صَبْرٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ وَتَصْدِيقُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَدَخَلَ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فَقَالَ مَا حَدَّثَكُمْ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ؟ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ صَدَقَ فِيَّ نَزَلَتْ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ فِي أَرْضٍ بِالْيَمَنِ خُصُومَةٌ فَاخْتَصَمْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَيَمِينُهُ ؟ قُلْتُ إِذًا يَحْلِفُ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينِ صَبْرٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah said, "Whoever unjustly takes the wealth of a Muslim by false oath, he will meet Allah while He is angry with him." Abdullah then recited to us a verse from the Book of Allah, "Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their [own] oaths for a small price..." (Quran 3:77)  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِصْدَاقَهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] الْآيَةَ  

[Machine] There was a dispute between a man from the tribe of Qais and a man from Hadramaut, so they went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to settle it. The man from Qais said, "O Messenger of Allah, clarify the matter for us, or else let him take an oath." The man from Hadramaut said, "O Messenger of Allah, if he takes an oath, he will wrongfully take my land." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever takes a false oath in order to wrongfully take his brother's property, will meet Allah while He is displeased with him." Then Imru' al-Qais said, "O Messenger of Allah, what is the reward for the one who leaves it unclaimed?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Paradise." Imru' al-Qais replied, "Then I bear witness that I have left it." Jarir added, "Ayub also said that when we heard Adi speak about the story of Al-Urs bin Amirah, he recited this verse: 'Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and their oaths...’ [Quran 3:77] until the end, but I didn't commit it to memory from Adi."  

كَانَ بَيْنَ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ خُصُومَةٌ فَارْتَفَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ بَيِّنَتُكَ وَإِلَّا فَيَمِينُهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ حَلَفَ ذَهَبَ بِأَرْضِي قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ أَخِيهِ لَقِيَ اللهَ ﷻ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَقَالَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَا لِمَنْ تَرَكَهَا مُحِقًّا؟ قَالَ الْجَنَّةُ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنِّي قَدْ تَرَكْتُهَا قَالَ جَرِيرٌ فَزَادَنِي أَيُّوبُ وَكُنَّا جَمِيعًا حِينَ سَمِعْنَا مِنْ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ قَالَ عَدِيٌّ فِي حَدِيثِ الْعُرْسِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] إِلَى آخِرِهَا وَلَمْ أَحْفَظْهَا مِنْ عَدِيٍّ  

On the Authority of his father: A man from Hadramawt and a man of Kindah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Al-Hadrami said: Messenger of Allah, this (man) took away forcibly from me the land which belongs to my father. Al-Kindi said: It is my land in my possession, and I cultivate it, he has no right to it. The Prophet ﷺ then said to al-Hadrami: Have you any proof ? He said: No. He then said: So for you is his oath. He said: Messenger of Allah, he is liar, he does not care for which he is taking the oath. He does not refrain himself from anything. The Prophet ﷺ said: You will have nothing from him except that. He went to take an oath for him. When he turned his back, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If he takes an oath on the property to take it away by unfair means, he will meet Allah while He is unmindful of him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3245)   

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا قَدْ غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضِي كَانَتْ لِأَبِي فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضِي وَفِي يَدِي أَزْرَعُهَا لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ فَاجِرٌ لَا يُبَالِي عَلَى مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَيْسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ فَانْطَلَقَ لِيَحْلِفَ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا أَدْبَرَ أَمَا لَئِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالٍ لِيَأْكُلَهُ ظُلْمًا لَيَلْقَيَنَّ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever unjustly withholds the rights of a Muslim, Allah will make Paradise forbidden for him and the Fire obligatory upon him." They said: "Even if it is something very small, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Even if it is a branch of a tree." And Abu 'Abdullah al-Hafiz narrated to us, Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad bin Ya'qub narrated to us, Muhammad bin Nu'aym narrated to us, Qutaybah bin Sa'id narrated to us, from Isma'il bin Ja'far, from Al-Ala bin 'Abdul-Rahman, who mentioned the hadith with its chain of narration similar to this, except that he did not say that he (the Prophet) said it three times.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ حَقَّ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينِهِ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَوْجَبَ لَهُ النَّارَ قَالُوا وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَضِيبًا مِنْ أَرَاكٍ قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا 20711 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that the burden of proof is on the plaintiff, even if people were given based on their claims. People will make claims regarding others' lives and wealth, so make your claim and recite upon it: "Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their [own] oaths for a small price will have no share in the hereafter, and Allah will not speak to them or look at them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He purify them; and they will have a painful punishment." [Surah Al-Imran 3:77]. It is said that Ibn Abbas acknowledged this, and he explained its meaning.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ وَلَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ أُعْطُوا بِدَعْوَاهُمُ ادَّعَى نَاسٌ دِمَاءَ أُنَاسٍ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ فَادْعُهَا وَاقْرَأْ عَلَيْهَا {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ وَلَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [آل عمران 77] قَالَ فَاعْتَرَفَتْ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَّرَهُ  

[Machine] That Hudhayfah recognized a stolen camel, so he disputed it in front of the judge of the Muslims. The case was ruled in favor of Hudhayfah, so he wanted to buy his right. He said to him, "Ten dirhams." He refused. He said to him, "Twenty dirhams." He refused. He said to him, "Thirty dirhams." He refused. He said to him, "Forty dirhams." He refused. Hudhayfah said, "Will you leave my camel?" He swears that it is his camel and that he did not sell it or give it as a gift. It is mentioned that Jubayr ibn Mu'tim paid ten thousand dirhams as redemption for his right, and it is mentioned that Umar ibn Al-Khattab in a dispute between him and Mu'adh ibn 'Afra' over something, Umar swears and then says, "Do you see that I have proved it with my right? Go now, it's yours."  

أَنَّ حُذَيْفَةَ عَرَفَ جَمَلًا لَهُ سُرِقَ فَخَاصَمَ فِيهِ إِلَى قَاضِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَصَارَتْ عَلَى حُذَيْفَةَ يَمِينٌ فِي الْقَضَاءِ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ يَمِينَهُ فَقَالَ لَكَ عَشَرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ فَأَبَى فَقَالَ لَكَ عِشْرُونَ فَأَبَى فَقَالَ لَكَ ثَلَاثُونَ فَأَبَى فَقَالَ لَكَ أَرْبَعُونَ فَأَبَى فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ أَتْرُكُ جَمَلِي؟ فَحَلَفَ أَنَّهُ جَمَلُهُ مَا بَاعَهُ وَلَا وَهَبَهُ وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ أَنَّهُ فَدَى يَمِينَهُ بِعَشْرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فِي خُصُومَةٍ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مُعَاذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ فِي شَيْءٍ قَالَ فَحَلَفَ عُمَرُ ؓ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَتَرَانِي أَنِّي قَدِ اسْتَحْقَقْتُهَا بِيَمِينِي؟ اذْهَبِ الْآنَ فَهِيَ لَكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whoever swears an oath while he is in a state of sin, with the intention of seizing the wealth of a Muslim, then let him meet Allah while He is angry with him." Al-Ash'ath said: "By Allah, that happened between myself and a man from the Jews. There was a disputed land between us, and he denied my claim, so I brought him to the Prophet, ﷺ . The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said to me, 'Do you have proof?' I said, 'No.' So he said to the Jew, 'Swear.' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, if he swears, then he will take my wealth.' So Allah revealed the verse: 'Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their oaths for a small price will have no share in the Hereafter' (Quran 3:77)." And Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us that Ahmad ibn Ja'far narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal, from his father, from Abu Mu'awiyah, from Al-A'mash, who mentioned it with a similar chain of narration.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ ﷻ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَقَالَ الْأَشْعَثُ فِيَّ وَاللهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ أَرْضٌ فَجَحَدَنِي فَقَدَّمْتُهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ؟ قُلْتُ لَا فَقَالَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ احْلِفْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِذًا يَحْلِفُ فَيَذْهَبُ بِمَالِي؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ} [آل عمران 77] الْآيَةَ 20715 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ  

[Machine] While we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he mentioned the incident of the Jewish man who committed adultery after having been married. The Prophet ﷺ got up and went to lead the prayer in the mosque. He said to the Jews, "O assembly of Jews, I swear by Allah who revealed the Torah to Moses, what punishment do you find in the Torah for someone who commits adultery, even though he is married?"  

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْيَهُودِيِّ الَّذِي زَنَى بَعْدَمَا أُحْصِنَ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَؤُمُّ بَيْتَ الْمِدْرَاسِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْيَهُودِ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى مَا تَجِدُونَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ مِنَ الْعُقُوبَةِ عَلَى مَنْ زَنَى وَقَدْ أُحْصِنَ؟  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , wrote a letter to the Jews from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, the brother of Moses and his companion, whom Allah had sent with what He sent him with. I adjure you by Allah and what He revealed to Moses on the Day of Tur Sinai, and He split for you the sea and saved you and destroyed your enemies, and He fed you manna and quails, and He shaded you with clouds. Do you find in your scriptures that I am the Messenger of Allah to you and to all people? So if that is the case, fear Allah and submit. But if you do not have that, then do not be obligated to it.  

كَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى يَهُودَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللهِ أَخِي مُوسَى وَصَاحِبِهِ بَعَثَهُ اللهُ بِمَا بَعَثَهُ بِهِ إِنِّي أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ وَمَا أَنْزَلَ عَلَى مُوسَى يَوْمَ طُورِ سَيْنَاءَ وَفَلَقَ لَكُمُ الْبَحْرَ وَأَنْجَاكُمْ وَأَهْلَكَ عَدُوَّكُمْ وَأَطْعَمَكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى وَظَلَّلَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْغَمَامَ هَلْ تَجِدُونَ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِلَى النَّاسِ كَافَّةً؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ كَذَلِكَ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَسْلِمُوا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكُمْ فَلَا تَبَاعَةَ عَلَيْكُمْ  

[Machine] The Jewish person is sworn in the church.  

يُسْتَحْلَفُ الْيَهُودِيُّ فِي الْكَنِيسَةِ  

The Holy Prophet ﷺ said to a man whom he asked to take an oath: Swear by Allah except whom there is no god that you have nothing belonging to him, i.e. the plaintiff. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3620)   

رَسُولَ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ حَلَّفَهُ احْلِفْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا لَهُ عِنْدَكَ شَيْءٌ يَعْنِي لِلْمُدَّعِي  

[Machine] From the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that a man from Kindah and a man from Hadramaut had a dispute before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a land in Yemen. The man from Hadramaut said, "O Messenger of Allah, this land was taken from me by the father of this man." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the man from Kindah, "What do you say?" He said, "I say that it is my land and I inherited it from my father." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to the man from Hadramaut, "Do you have any evidence?" He said, "No, but I swear by Allah, the One whom there is no deity except Him, that it is a land that his father took from me." Then, the man from Kindah prepared to take an oath, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A person should not take possession of property using his oath except that he meets Allah on the Day of Judgment while he is truthful." So, the man from Kindah returned the land. This hadith is narrated by al-Hafiz and it is a hadith similar to the hadith of Ibn Abdan.  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ كِنْدَةَ وَرَجُلًا مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي أَرْضٍ بِالْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرْضِي اغْتَصَبَنِيهَا أَبُو هَذَا فَقَالَ لِلْكِنْدِيِّ مَا تَقُولُ؟ فَقَالَ أَقُولُ إِنَّهَا أَرْضِي وَفِي يَدِي وَرِثْتُهَا مِنْ أَبِي فَقَالَ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ بَيِّنَةٍ؟ قَالَ لَا وَلَكِنْ يَحْلِفُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بِاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا أَرْضٌ اغْتَصَبَنِيهَا أَبُوهُ قَالَ فَتَهَيَّأَ الْكِنْدِيُّ لِلْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّهُ لَا يَقْتَطِعُ رَجُلٌ مَالًا بِيَمِينِهِ إِلَّا لَقِيَ اللهَ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ وَهُوَ أَجْذَمُ فَرَدَّهَا الْكِنْدِيُّ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحَافِظِ وَحَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبْدَانَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُ  

[Machine] In his saying "And We bestowed upon him wisdom and decisive speech," the scholars and witnesses have said the same, as narrated by Mujahid.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَأَتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ} قَالَ الْأَيْمَانُ وَالشُّهُودُ وَكَذَا قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ  

[Machine] That the Prophet Dawood ﷺ was commanded to judge a case, and he judged in favor of one party. Then Allah revealed to him to swear them by My Name and ask them for clear evidences. He said, "So that is the end of the discussion."  

أَنَّ دَاوُدَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أُمِرَ بِالْقَضَاءِ فَقُطِعَ بِهِ فَأَوْحَى الله ﷻ أَنِ اسْتَحْلِفْهُمْ بِاسْمِي وَسَلْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتِ قَالَ فَذَلِكَ فَصْلُ الْخِطَابِ  

"The Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard a man taking an oath by his father and said: 'Do not make oaths by your forefathers. Whoever makes an oath by Allah, let him fulfill his oath, and if an oath is sworn for a person by Allah, let him accept it. Whoever is not content with Allah has nothing to do with Allah.' (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2101)   

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا يَحْلِفُ بِأَبِيهِ فَقَالَ لَا تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللهِ فَلْيَصْدُقْ وَمَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللهِ فَلْيَرْضَ وَمَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللهِ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللهِ تَابَعَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْأَحْمَسِيُّ عَنْ أَسْبَاطٍ  

[Machine] Two men came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to settle a dispute. It seemed that one of them was not able to fully convey his argument. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided in favor of the other party. The man who was not able to fully present his case said, "Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best Disposer of affairs." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ repeated his words, saying, "Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best Disposer of affairs." The Prophet ﷺ then moved his hand, indicating two or three times, and said, "Seek your right until you are unable to do so. And when you are unable, then say, 'Allah is sufficient for me, and He is the best Disposer of affairs.' Verily, the judgment will be made based on your arguments; this is the final decision."  

اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَأَنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا تَهَاوَنَ بِبَعْضِ حُجَّتِهِ لَمْ يُبْلِغْ فِيهَا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِلْآخَرِ فَقَالَ الْمُتَهَاوِنُ بِحُجَّتِهِ حَسْبِيَ اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَسْبِيَ اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ يُحَرِّكُ يَدَهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا قَالَ اطْلُبْ حَقَّكَ حَتَّى تَعْجِزَ فَإِذَا عَجَزْتَ فَقُلْ حَسْبِيَ اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ فَإِنَّمَا يُقْضَى بَيْنَكُمْ عَلَى حُجَّتِكُمْ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ  

The Holy Prophet ﷺ gave a decision between two men, and the one against whom the decision was given turned away and said: For me Allah sufficeth, and He is the best dispenser of affairs. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: Allah, Most High, blames for falling short, but apply intelligence, and when the matter gets the better of you, say; For me Allah sufficeth, and He is the best disposer of affairs. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3627)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ فَقَالَ الْمَقْضِيُّ عَلَيْهِ لَمَّا أَدْبَرَ حَسْبِيَ اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ يَلُومُ عَلَى الْعَجْزِ وَلَكِنْ عَلَيْكَ بِالْكَيْسِ فَإِذَا غَلَبَكَ أَمْرٌ فَقُلْ حَسْبِيَ اللهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ  

Nafi' bun Ujair bin Abd Yazid bin Ruknah reported Ruknah bin ‘Abd Yazid divorced his wife Suhaimah absolutely. The Prophet ﷺ was informed about this matter. He said to him (the Prophet) I swear by Allaah that I meant it to be only a single utterance of divorce. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “I swear by Allaah that I meant it to be only a single divorce. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ restored her to him, Then he divorced her the second time in the time of ‘Umar and the third time of ‘Uthman. Abu Dawud said “This tradition contains the words of Ibrahim in its beginning and the words of Ibn Al Sarh in the end. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2206)   

أَنَّ رُكَانَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ يَزِيدَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِيَ الْبَتَّةَ وَاللهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً؟ فَقَالَ رُكَانَةُ وَاللهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا وَاحِدَةً فَرَدَّهَا إِلَيْهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled in favor of the defendant and dismissed him based on the authentic narration of Nafi' ibn Umar. This applies to every person who is accused, except for those who have evidence supporting their claims.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ نَافِعِ بْنِ عُمَرَ وَهَذَا يَتَنَاوَلُ كُلَّ مُدَّعًى عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا مَا قَامَ دَلِيلُهُ  

[Machine] If a man controls his wife's affairs, then her rulings are valid unless she objects and says that she only wanted one divorce. In this case, he swears that this is the case and she returns to him.  

إِذَا مَلَّكَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ أَمْرَهَا فَالْقَضَاءُ مَا قَضَتْ إِلَّا أَنْ يُنَاكِرَهَا يَقُولُ لَمْ أُرِدْ إِلَّا تَطْلِيقَةً وَاحِدَةً فَيَحْلِفُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَتُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ  

[Machine] If a woman claims divorce against her husband and he denies it, he must swear by Allah that he did not do it.  

إِذَا ادَّعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الطَّلَاقَ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا فَتَنَاكَرَا فَيَمِينُهُ بِاللهِ مَا فَعَلَ  

[Machine] The book of Umar to Abu Musa, so mention it and make it a provision for the claimant who reaches it. If he presents clear evidence, then follow it, otherwise you should direct the judgment against him. Surely, this is clearer in resolving ignorance and more complete in the excuse.  

كِتَابُ عُمَرَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى ؓ فَذَكَرَهُ وَفِيهِ وَاجْعَلْ لِلْمُدَّعِي أَمَدًا يَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ أَحْضَرَ بَيِّنَةً وَإِلَّا وَجَّهْتَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَجْلَى لِلْعَمَى وَأَبْلَغُ فِي الْعُذْرِ  

[Machine] "Whoever claims to be a judge, the burden of proof is upon him until he provides clear evidence. The truth is more deserving of my judgment. The truth is more deserving than an immoral oath."  

مَنِ ادَّعَى قَضَائِي فَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ بِبَيِّنَةٍ الْحَقُّ أَحَقُّ مِنْ قَضَائِي الْحَقُّ أَحَقُّ مِنْ يَمِينٍ فَاجِرَةٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Huwayyisah, Muhaaysah, and Abdur Rahman, "Do you swear and deserve the blood of your companion?" They replied, "No." He said, "Then the Jews will swear and claim that they have expelled him in the correct way as it was mentioned in the Book of Oaths."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ؟ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَيَحْلِفُ يَهُودُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَامَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ started to take an oath from the Ansar. When they did not take the oaths, he returned the oaths to the Jews 20734. And Malik narrated from Yahya bin Sa'eed from Bishr bin Yasir from the Prophet ﷺ with a similar Hadith. The sheikh said: As for the narration of Malik bin Anas from Yahya bin Sa'eed, it is in Al-Muwatta' like this, Mursal (a kind of Hadith transmission).  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَدَأَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّيْنِ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا رَدَّ الْأَيْمَانَ عَلَى يَهُودَ 20734 قَالَ وَأنبأ مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَمَا رِوَايَةُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ فَإِنَّهَا فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلَةٌ  

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: 'Do you swear fifty oaths and still deserve to be killed or to kill your companion?' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah, how can this be when we did not witness or attend?' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: 'The Jews will exonerate you with fifty oaths.' As for the narration of 'Abdul-Wahhab bin 'Abdul-Majid Ath-Thaqafi, it is like this in meaning, except that it is connected."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَتَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبَكُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَحْضُرْ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيِّ فَإِنَّهَا هَكَذَا فِي الْمَعْنَى إِلَّا أَنَّهَا مَوْصُولَةٌ  

[Machine] Abdullah bin Sahl Al-Ansari and Muhaysah bin Masood went out to Khaybar, but they separated for their own needs. Abdullah bin Sahl was killed, and then Abdulrahman bin Sahl, Huwayshah, and Muhaysah bin Masood went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Abdulrahman, the brother of the deceased, came forward to speak. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Hold on, hold on." Huwayshah and Muhaysah then spoke of the incident of Abdullah bin Sahl. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked them, "Do any of you swear by Allah that you saw the killer or his companion?" They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we were not present, and we did not witness." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Then the Jews will clear you of guilt by taking fifty oaths from you." They asked, "O Messenger of Allah, how can we accept oaths from disbelievers?" The Prophet ﷺ then accepted their request.  

أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا لِحَاجَتِهِمَا فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ فَجَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ لَيَتَكَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْكِبَرَ الْكِبَرَ فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ فَذَكَرَا لَهُ شَأْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيَحْلِفُ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ فَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبَكُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَمْ نَحْضُرْ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ؟ قَالَ فَعَقَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ  

[Machine] The passage is in Arabic and its translation into English is as follows:

"Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: For those against whom you make a claim (i.e., a financial claim) by swearing, [saying, 'It is my right] fifty times what he could swear by. They refused and were embarrassed by swearing so he (Omar) said to the others, "You swear," but they refused. Abu Sa'id added I, with my chain of authority, confirm that Shafi'i said, 'Allah's Messenger ﷺ had taken the oath of allegiance from the Ansar on the Day (of the pledge at Hudaybiyah). And he said to them, 'This is the allegiance of you the Ansar concerning the matter which involves me and you.' And then the Prophet ﷺ held out his hand, and then they (i.e., the Ansar) were reluctant to offer their hands. Then the Prophet ﷺ said [to them), 'Offer your hands.' Then they offered their hands and the Prophet ﷺ said, 'I take the oath of allegiance from you for Islam and emigration (to Medina), and what involves you in me.' So wherever the Prophet ﷺ took the oath of allegiance from anyone of the believing women, he used to say to her, 'I have taken your pledge of allegiance for Islam' (and emigration). Abu Sa'id was asked by one of his companions, 'Did the Prophet ﷺ take the oath of allegiance from you?' He replied, 'Yes.'"

Please note that due to the translation from Arabic to English, the meaning may slightly differ.  

عُمَرُ ؓ لِلَّذِينَ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مَا مَاتَ مِنْهَا؟ فَأَبَوْا وَتَحَرَّجُوا مِنَ الْأَيْمَانِ فَقَالَ لِلْآخَرِينَ احْلِفُوا أَنْتُمْ فَأَبَوْا زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَقَدْ رَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْأَنْصَارِيِّينِ يَسْتَحِقُّونَ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا حَوَّلَهَا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ يُبَرَّءُونَ بِهَا وَرَأَى عُمَرُ ؓ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى اللَّيْثِيِّينَ يُبَرَّءُونَ بِهَا فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا حَوَّلَهَا عَلَى الْجُهَنِيِّينَ يَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِهَا فَكُلُّ هَذَا تَحْوِيلُ يَمِينٍ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ قَدْ رُتِّبَتْ فِيهِ إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ فَبِهَذَا وَمَا أَدْرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا يَحْكُونَ عَنْ مُفْتِيهِمْ وَحُكَّامِهِمْ قَدِيمًا وَحَدِيثًا قُلْنَا فِي رَدِّ الْيَمِينِ