[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , ruled with the witness and oath.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a ruling with an oath in the presence of a witness. Amr ibn Saad reported about wealth. Abu Saad al-Malini informed us that Abu Ahmad ibn Adi al-Hafiz reported that Abu Abdullah al-Nasai said that Abu Qudamah narrated to him. And Abu Nasr ibn Qatadah wrote it to me in his handwriting. Abu Hatim ibn Abi al-Fadl al-Harawi reported from Abu Abdullah. Kamil ibn Ahmad al-Mustamli informed me that Bashr ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Muzani and Fath ibn Abdul Wahab, the jurist, said: Muhammad ibn Abdul Rahman al-Shami reported from Ahmad ibn Hanbal, who said: Abdullah ibn al-Harith al-Makhzumi mentioned it with its chain of narration and its text. He said in the presence of a single witness: Abu Qudamah said in his narration, and Ahmad said in his narration: Amr reported about wealth.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ قَالَ عَمْرٌو فِي الْأَمْوَالِ 20636 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّسَائِيُّ ثنا أَبُو قُدَامَةَ ح وَأنبأ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ وَكَتَبَهُ لِي بِخَطِّهِ أنبأ أَبُو حَاتِمِ بْنُ أَبِي الْفَضْلِ الْهَرَوِيُّ ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا كَامِلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُسْتَمْلِي أَخْبَرَنِي بِشْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْمُزَنِيُّ وَفَتْحُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ الْفَقِيهُ قَالَا ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّامِيُّ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَا ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ وَقَالَ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ أَبُو قُدَامَةَ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ عَمْرٌو فِي الْأَمْوَالِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ does not reject anyone from the people of knowledge like him, even if there were others besides him, although he has others with him who witness it.  

رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَرُدُّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِثْلَهُ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا غَيْرُهُ مَعَ أَنَّ مَعَهُ غَيْرَهُ مِمَّا يُشْهِدُهُ  

[Machine] Abbas.  

عَبَّاسٍ ؓ  

[Machine] He swore by Allah along with the witness. Salamah mentioned in his narration from Abdur-Razzaq who said, 'Amr (Ibn Al-Harith) had a different opinion regarding rights. Those who do not rely on their narrations from Muhammad bin Muslim added Tawus in their chain of narrators. Some of them narrated it from another source other than Amr, and added Jabir bin Zaid in their chain of narrators. The narrations of the trustworthy individuals should not be justified by the narrations of the weak. This was also narrated from another source other than Ibn Abbas.  

ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ قَالَ سَلَمَةُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ قَالَ عَمْرٌو فِي الْحُقُوقِ وَخَالَفَهُمَا مَنْ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَتِهِمْ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ فَزَادُوا فِي إِسْنَادِهِ طَاوُسًا وَرَوَاهُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو فَزَادَ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ جَابِرَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَرِوَايَةُ الثِّقَاتِ لَا تُعَلَّلُ بِرِوَايَةِ الضُّعَفَاءِ وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ  

[Machine] "Abbas and another man, whose name I don't remember from among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ , said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a decision by taking an oath with a witness."  

عَبَّاسٍ ؓ وَرَجُلٍ آخَرَ سَمَّاهُ فَلَا يَحْضُرْنِي ذِكْرُ اسْمِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled by taking an oath with a witness. Abd al-Aziz mentioned that to Suhail, who said Rabi'ah informed me, and he is trustworthy, that I had informed him about it, but I did not memorize it. Abd al-Aziz said, "Suhail suffered from a condition that affected some of his intellect, causing him to forget some of his narrations. Suhail used to narrate from Rabi'ah about it, who narrated from him about his father."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِسُهَيْلٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي رَبِيعَةُ وَهُوَ عِنْدِي ثِقَةٌ أَنِّي حَدَّثَتْهُ إِيَّاهُ وَلَا أَحْفَظُهُ قَالَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ وَقَدْ كَانَ أَصَابَ سُهَيْلًا عِلَّةٌ أَذْهَبَتْ بَعْضَ عَقْلِهِ وَنَسِيَ بَعْضَ حَدِيثِهِ وَكَانَ سُهَيْلٌ بَعْدُ يُحَدِّثُهُ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided by oath along with the witness 20646. Abu Ali Al-Rudhbari informed us that Muhammad ibn Bakr narrated to us from Abu Dawood who narrated from Muhammad ibn Dawood Al-Iskandarani who narrated from Ziyad ibn Yunus who informed me Sulaiman ibn Bilal through his chain of narration. Sulaiman said, "I met Suhail and asked him about this narration. He said, 'I do not know it.' So, I said to him, 'Indeed, Rabee'ah informed me about it from you.' He replied, 'If Rabee'ah informed you about it from me, then narrate it from Rabee'ah from me, and it is-  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ 20646 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْإِسْكَنْدَرَانِيُّ ثنا زِيَادُ بْنُ يُونُسَ حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ فَلَقِيتُ سُهَيْلًا فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالَ مَا أَعْرِفُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ رَبِيعَةَ أَخْبَرَنِي بِهِ عَنْكَ قَالَ فَإِنْ كَانَ رَبِيعَةُ أَخْبَرَكَ عَنِّي فَحَدِّثْ بِهِ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ عَنِّي وَقَدْ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordained with an oath, along with a witness, and it was narrated from another perspective from Abu Hurairah.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ  

The Prophet ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. Abu Dawud said: Al-Rabi' bin Sulaiman al-Mu'adhdhin told me some additional words in this tradition: Al-Shafi'i told me from 'Abd al-'Aziz. I then mentioned it fo Suhail who said: Rabi'ah told me - and he is reliable in my opinion - that I told him this (tradition) and I do not remember it. 'Abd al-'Aziz said: Suhail suffered from some disease which caused him to lose a little of his intelligence, and he forgot some of his traditions. Thereafter Suhail would narrate traditions from Rabi'ah on the authority of his father. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3610)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled by taking an oath testimony 20650. And Abu Saad Al-Malini told us that Abu Ahmad ibn Adi informed us, that Muhammad ibn Munir informed us, that Ibrahim ibn Al-Haytham informed us, that Abdullah ibn Nafi' ibn Abi Nafi informed him, mentioning it with his chain of narration similar to it 20651. Abu Saad Al-Malini informed us that Abu Ahmad ibn Adi narrated to us, that Umar ibn Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Bundar said, "I heard Muhammad ibn Awf saying, Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, 'There is no stronger narration regarding ruling by taking an oath testimony than this.'"  

أَنَّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ 20650 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُنِيرٍ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ نَافِعِ بْنِ أَبِي نَافِعٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ 20651 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُنْدَارٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَوْفٍ يَقُولُ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ لَيْسَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ يَعْنِي قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ حَدِيثٌ أَصَحَّ مِنْ هَذَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled by the oath with one witness. Isma'il ibn Ja'far included it in his narration. And Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled by it in Iraq.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ زَادَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ وَأَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ قَضَى بِهِ بِالْعِرَاقِ هَكَذَا  

The Prophet ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. Abu Dawud said: Al-Rabi' bin Sulaiman al-Mu'adhdhin told me some additional words in this tradition: Al-Shafi'i told me from 'Abd al-'Aziz. I then mentioned it fo Suhail who said: Rabi'ah told me - and he is reliable in my opinion - that I told him this (tradition) and I do not remember it. 'Abd al-'Aziz said: Suhail suffered from some disease which caused him to lose a little of his intelligence, and he forgot some of his traditions. Thereafter Suhail would narrate traditions from Rabi'ah on the authority of his father. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3610)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled with the oath of allegiance along with a witness. Al-Hanzali added in his narration that he said, "And my father said, and Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled with it in Iraq." The sheikh said, and it was narrated from Humaid ibn Al-Aswad, Abdullah Al-Umari, Hisham ibn Saad, and others, from Ja'far ibn Muhammad in the same manner."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ زَادَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ الْوَاحِدِ قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبِي وَقَضَى بِهِ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بِالْعِرَاقِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ وَهِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَذَلِكَ مَوْصُولًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Gabriel came to me and commanded that I fulfill a vow with my right hand along with a witness. He also said, 'Indeed, Wednesday is a day of continuous misfortune.' It has been said about Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from his grandfather, from the Prophet ﷺ ..."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْضِيَ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ وَقَالَ إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ {يَوْمُ نَحْسٍ مُسْتَمِرٍّ} [القمر 19] وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made an oath with a witness and said that he made the oath regarding Ali ibn Abi Talib ؓ, and it has been said that Ja'far ibn Muhammad said it from his father from Ali ibn Abi Talib ؓ.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ وَقَالَ قَضَى بِذَلِكَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed a judgment by a witness and an oath, and Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) passed a judgment by it in Iraq.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ وَقَضَى بِهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ بِالْعِرَاقِ  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ ruled in favor of the testimony of one man alongside the truthful claimant, and Ali ﷺ ruled with it in Iraq as well."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِشَهَادَةِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ مَعَ يَمِينِ صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ وَقَضَى بِهِ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بِالْعِرَاقِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Narrated by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he made a decision with the testimony of the one witness, Ali ibn Al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, the grandfather of Ja'far ibn Muhammad. Even if Ali is not present, he is closer to transmit from Muhammad ibn Ali from Ali. And  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ جَدُّ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ عَلِيًّا ؓ فَهُوَ أَقْرَبُ مِنَ الِاتِّصَالِ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ وَقَدْ  

The Prophet ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. Abu Dawud said: Al-Rabi' bin Sulaiman al-Mu'adhdhin told me some additional words in this tradition: Al-Shafi'i told me from 'Abd al-'Aziz. I then mentioned it fo Suhail who said: Rabi'ah told me - and he is reliable in my opinion - that I told him this (tradition) and I do not remember it. 'Abd al-'Aziz said: Suhail suffered from some disease which caused him to lose a little of his intelligence, and he forgot some of his traditions. Thereafter Suhail would narrate traditions from Rabi'ah on the authority of his father. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3610)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ  

The Prophet ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. Abu Dawud said: Al-Rabi' bin Sulaiman al-Mu'adhdhin told me some additional words in this tradition: Al-Shafi'i told me from 'Abd al-'Aziz. I then mentioned it fo Suhail who said: Rabi'ah told me - and he is reliable in my opinion - that I told him this (tradition) and I do not remember it. 'Abd al-'Aziz said: Suhail suffered from some disease which caused him to lose a little of his intelligence, and he forgot some of his traditions. Thereafter Suhail would narrate traditions from Rabi'ah on the authority of his father. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3610)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] We were informed by Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz and Abu Zakaria among others, who narrated from Abu Abbas Muhammad bin Ya'qub, who reported from Rabee'ah bin Sulaiman, who reported from Shafi'i, who reported from Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Abi 'Ubaid al-Darawardi, who narrated from Rabee'ah bin Abi 'Abdul Rahman, who narrated from Sa'id bin Amr bin Shurahbeel bin Sa'id bin 'Ubadah, who narrated from his father, who narrated from his grandfather, who said, "We found in the books of Sa'id that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled by oath with the witness." Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said and Abdul Aziz bin Al-Muttalib mentioned from Sa'id bin Amr, from his father, who said, "We found in the books of Sa'id bin 'Ubaidah that Sa'id bin 'Ubaidah testified that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded Amr bin Hazm to rule by oath with a witness."  

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا فِي آخَرِينَ قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ وَجَدْنَا فِي كُتُبِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ وَجَدْنَا فِي كُتُبِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ يَشْهَدُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ عَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

The Prophet ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. Abu Dawud said: Al-Rabi' bin Sulaiman al-Mu'adhdhin told me some additional words in this tradition: Al-Shafi'i told me from 'Abd al-'Aziz. I then mentioned it fo Suhail who said: Rabi'ah told me - and he is reliable in my opinion - that I told him this (tradition) and I do not remember it. 'Abd al-'Aziz said: Suhail suffered from some disease which caused him to lose a little of his intelligence, and he forgot some of his traditions. Thereafter Suhail would narrate traditions from Rabi'ah on the authority of his father. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3610)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] He found a book among his father's books that was mentioned or written by Amr bin Hazm and Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba. They said, "While we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, two men entered and began to dispute with one of them having a witness for his rights. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made the rightful owner take an oath with his witness, and thus he received his rights.  

أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ كِتَابًا فِي كُتُبِ آبَائِهِ هَذَا مَا رَفَعَ أَوْ ذَكَرَ عَمْرُو بْنُ حَزْمٍ وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ قَالَا بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ رَجُلَانِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ مَعَ أَحَدِهِمَا شَاهِدٌ لَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَمِينَ صَاحِبِ الْحَقِّ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ فَاقْتَطَعَ بِذَلِكَ حَقَّهُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army to Banu al-Anbar. They captured them at Rukbah in the suburbs of at-Ta'if and drove them to the Holy Prophet ﷺ. I rode hurriedly to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and said: Peace be on you, Messenger of Allah, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Your contingent came to us and arrested us, but we had already embraced Islam and cut the sides of the ears of our cattle. When Banu al-Anbar arrived, the Holy Prophet ﷺ said to me: Have you any evidence that you had embraced Islam before you were captured today? I said: Yes. He said: Who is your witness? I said: Samurah, a man from Banu al-Anbar, and another man whom he named. The man testified but Samurah refused to testify. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: He (Samurah) has refused to testify for you, so take an oath with your other witness. I said: Yes. He then dictated an oath to me and I swore to the effect that we had embraced Islam on a certain day, and that we had cut the sides of the ears of the cattle. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said: Go and divide half of their property, but do not touch their children. Had Allah not disliked the wastage of action, we should not have taxed you even a rope. Zubayb said: My mother called me and said: This man has taken my mattress. I then went to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and informed him. He said to me: Detain him. So I caught him with a garment around his neck, and stood there with him . Then the Holy Prophet ﷺ looked at us standing there. He asked: What do you intend (doing) with your captive? I said: I shall let him go free if he returns to this (man) the mattress of his mother which he has taken from her. He said: Prophet of Allah ﷺ, I no longer have it. He said: The Holy Prophet ﷺ took the sword of the man and gave it to me, and said to him: Go and give him some sa's of cereal. So he gave me some sa's of barley. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3612)   

سَمِعْتُ جَدِّي الزَّبِيبَ يَقُولُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَيْشًا إِلَى بَنِي الْعَنْبَرِ فَأَخَذُوهُمْ بِرَكِيَّةٍ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الطَّائِفِ فَاسْتَاقُوهُمْ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَكِبْتُ فَسَبَقْتُهُمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ أَتَانَا جُنْدُكَ فَأَخَذُونَا وَقَدْ كُنَّا أَسْلَمْنَا وَخَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ بَلْعَنْبَرٍ قَالَ لِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ هَلْ لَكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّكُمْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُؤْخَذُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَنْ بَيِّنَتُكَ ؟ قُلْتُ سَمُرَةُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْعَنْبَرِ وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ سَمَّاهُ لَهُ فَشَهِدَ الرَّجُلُ وَأَبَى سَمُرَةُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَبَى أَنْ يَشْهَدَ لَكَ فَتَحْلِفُ مَعَ شَاهِدِكَ الْآخَرِ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَاسْتَحْلَفَنِي فَحَلَفْتُ بِاللهِ لَقَدْ أَسْلَمْنَا يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَخَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ اذْهَبُوا فَقَاسِمُوهُمْ أَنْصَافَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَلَا تَمَسُّوا ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ لَوْلَا أَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَا يُحِبُّ ضَلَالَةَ الْعَمَلِ مَا رَزَئْنَاكُمْ عِقَالًا قَالَ الزَّبِيبُ فَدَعَتْنِي أُمِّي فَقَالَتْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ أَخَذَ زِرْبِيَّتِي فَانْصَرَفْتُ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ يَعْنِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي احْبِسْهُ فَأَخَذْتُ بِتَلْبِيبِهِ وَقُمْتُ مَعَهُ مَكَانَنَا ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَائِمَيْنِ فَقَالَ مَا تُرِيدُ بِأَسِيرِكَ ؟ فَأَرْسَلْتُهُ مِنْ يَدِيَّ فَقَامَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ رُدَّ عَلَى هَذَا زِرْبِيَّةَ أُمِّهِ الَّتِي أَخَذْتَ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ إِنَّهَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْ يَدِيَّ قَالَ فَاخْتَلَعَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ سَيْفَ الرَّجُلِ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ اذْهَبْ فَزِدْهُ آصُعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ قَالَ فَزَادَنِي آصُعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ قَوْلُهُ خَضْرَمْنَا آذَانَ النَّعَمِ يُرِيدُ قَطَعْنَا أَطْرَافَ آذَانِهَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ عَلَامَةً بَيْنَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَبَيْنَ مَنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ قَالَهُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ اسْتِعْمَالُ الْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فِي غَيْرِ الْأَمْوَالِ إِلَّا أَنَّ إِسْنَادَهُ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ قَالَ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَيْضًا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْيَمِينُ قُصِدَ بِهَا هَهُنَا الْمَالُ لِأَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ يَحْقِنُ الْمَالَ كَمَا يَحْقِنُ الدَّمَ  

The Prophet ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. Abu Dawud said: Al-Rabi' bin Sulaiman al-Mu'adhdhin told me some additional words in this tradition: Al-Shafi'i told me from 'Abd al-'Aziz. I then mentioned it fo Suhail who said: Rabi'ah told me - and he is reliable in my opinion - that I told him this (tradition) and I do not remember it. 'Abd al-'Aziz said: Suhail suffered from some disease which caused him to lose a little of his intelligence, and he forgot some of his traditions. Thereafter Suhail would narrate traditions from Rabi'ah on the authority of his father. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3610)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ said about testimony, "If someone comes with a witness, he should swear with his witness that this is a message."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِشَاهِدٍ حَلَفَ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ  

[Machine] Abu Abdullah Al-Raqqi narrated to us, that Abu Al-Nadr Al-Faqih Al-Tusi told us, that Uthman ibn Said Al-Darimi told us, that Ismail ibn Abdullah told me, that Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, that Mutarrif ibn Mazen narrated to us, that Ibn Jurayj narrated from Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, who said, "The Prophet ﷺ passed judgment using witnesses and oaths in matters of rights, and likewise."  

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ الطُّوسِيُّ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الرَّقِّيُّ ثنا مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ ثنا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ قَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ فِي الْحُقُوقِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] That the messenger of Allah ﷺ has decided with the right hand along with the witness Mutarrif ibn Mazen and Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Umayr, who are not strong, and he is a witness to what has preceded.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ لَيْسَا بِالْقَوِيَّيْنِ وَهُوَ بِإِرْسَالِهِ شَاهِدٌ لِمَا تَقَدَّمَ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3608)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِيَمِينٍ وَشَاهِدٍ  

[Machine] About a man from the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ who was accused of theft. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered for his punishment to be carried out by his right hand and a witness. Mudad followed up with this narration from Juwayriyah, saying..."  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَنْزِلُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يُقَالُ لَهُ سُرَّقٌ قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِيَمِينٍ وَشَاهِدٍ تَابَعَهُ مُسَدَّدٌ عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَةَ هَكَذَا  

The Prophet ﷺ gave a decision on the basis of an oath and a single witness. Abu Dawud said: Al-Rabi' bin Sulaiman al-Mu'adhdhin told me some additional words in this tradition: Al-Shafi'i told me from 'Abd al-'Aziz. I then mentioned it fo Suhail who said: Rabi'ah told me - and he is reliable in my opinion - that I told him this (tradition) and I do not remember it. 'Abd al-'Aziz said: Suhail suffered from some disease which caused him to lose a little of his intelligence, and he forgot some of his traditions. Thereafter Suhail would narrate traditions from Rabi'ah on the authority of his father. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3610)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] "Bakr, Umar, and Uthman used to pass judgments based on the testimony of a single witness and the oath of the claimant. Ja'far and the judges also ruled according to this in our time. This was narrated by Abu Bakr ibn Abi Sabra from Abu Zinad, from Abdullah ibn Amr, who said: I was present when Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman ruled by taking an oath with the witness. Abu Bakr ibn Al-Harith informed us that Ali ibn Umar mentioned this. Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Asad Al-Harawi narrated from Muhammad ibn Ishaqab, who narrated from Abu Asim, who narrated from Abu Bakr ibn Abi Sabra and mentioned this. The narration from Ali ibn Abi Talib and Ubayy ibn Ka'b is weak, while the narration from Sulaiman ibn Bilal, who narrated from Rabi'ah ibn Abi Abdur Rahman, that Umar ibn Al-Khattab wrote about this to Shurayh, even though it is disconnected, it confirms the narration of Ibn Abi Sabra."  

بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ ؓ كَانُوا يَقْضُونَ بِشَهَادَةِ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ وَيَمِينِ الْمُدَّعِي قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ وَالْقُضَاةُ يَقْضُونَ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا الْيَوْمَ 20674 وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ حَضَرْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ ؓ يَقْضُونَ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَسَدٍ الْهَرَوِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِشِكَابَ ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ ؓ ضَعِيفَةٌ وَهِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ؓ مَشْهُورَةٌ وَفِيمَا رَوَى سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ كَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ وَهُوَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُنْقَطِعًا فَفِيهِ تَأْكِيدٌ لِرِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ  

[Machine] I heard Al-Hakam ibn 'Utaibah asking my father, while he had placed his hand on the wall of the grave, "Did the Prophet ﷺ uphold justice by using the right hand along with the witness?" He (my father) said, "Yes, and 'Ali decided with it among you all."  

سَمِعْتُ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ عُتَيْبَةَ يَسْأَلُ أَبِي وَقَدْ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى جِدَارِ الْقَبْرِ لِيَقُومَ أَقَضَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَقَضَى بِهِ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ  

[Machine] Allah ﷺ decreed by swear with a witness, meaning in matters of wealth, and 'Ali also decreed by this in Kufa. He also said Abu bin Ka'b decreed by this in the time of 'Umar.  

اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ يَعْنِي فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بِالْكُوفَةِ قَالَ وَقَضَى بِذَلِكَ أُبِيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ عَلَى عَهْدِ عُمَرَ ؓ  

[Machine] That Ubi bin Ka'b ruled by the right hand along with the witness.  

أَنَّ أُبِيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ ؓ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] "To fulfill it, for indeed it is the Sunnah."  

أَنِ اقْضِ بِهَا فَإِنَّهَا السُّنَّةُ  

[Machine] "To fulfill it, as it is the Sunnah."  

أَنِ اقْضِ بِهِ فَإِنَّهُ السُّنَّةُ  

[Machine] The people of the city decide with the oath along with the witness.  

إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ يَقْضُونَ بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] It was narrated that one of them alone approved the testimony of each of them alone.  

أَنَّ شُرَيْحًا أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا وَحْدَهُ  

[Machine] Shurayh authorized my testimony alone.  

أَجَازَ شُرَيْحٌ شَهَادَتِي وَحْدِي  

[Machine] I witnessed in front of a sheikh over a Quran, so he alone approved his testimony.  

شَهِدْتُ عِنْدَ شُرَيْحٍ عَلَى مُصْحَفٍ فَأَجَازَ شَهَادَتَهُ وَحْدَهُ  

[Machine] There was a permission to accept the testimony of a single witness if he was known along with the affirmation of the student in a minor matter.  

كَانَ شُرَيْحٌ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ الشَّاهِدِ الْوَاحِدِ إِذَا عَرَفَهُ مَعَ يَمِينِ الطَّالِبِ فِي الشَّيْءِ الْيَسِيرِ  

[Machine] That Yahya bin Ya'mar used to rule by the testimony of a witness and an oath.  

أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ يَعْمَرَ كَانَ يَقْضِي بِشَهَادَةِ شَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ  

[Machine] Bukairun walam yazal yaqdi bidhalika indana.

Bukairun and he still does that with us.  

بُكَيْرٌ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَقْضِي بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَنَا  

[Machine] Kalthum and Abu Thabit were Sulaiman ibn Habib, a judge of the people of Madinah, for thirty years, deciding by the testimony of witnesses.  

كُلْثُومٌ وَكَانَ أَبُو ثَابِتٍ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ قَاضِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً يَقْضِي بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ  

[Machine] Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, "Fa'ata', who is a scholar, issues rulings based on oath-taking, along with the testimony, regarding matters that none of our companions have expressed an opinion about. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, "Oath-taking, along with the testimony, does not contradict the apparent meaning of the Quran. This is because we pass judgment based on two witnesses, and with the testimony of two women. It is not a matter of oath-taking. Therefore, when there is a witness, we pass judgment based on the testimony and the oath. This is not contrary to the apparent meaning of the Quran, as it did not forbid the option of allowing less than what it explicitly stated in its book." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is the most knowledgeable regarding the intended meaning of Allah (ﷻ), and Allah (ﷻ) has commanded us to take what He has given us and to abstain from what He has forbidden, and we seek from Allah knowledge, protection, and success."  

الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَعَطَاءٌ يُفْتِي بِالْيَمِينِ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فِيمَا لَا يَقُولُ بِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالْيَمِينُ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ لَا يُخَالِفُ مِنْ ظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ شَيْئًا لِأَنَّا نَحْكُمُ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ وَبِشَاهِدٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ وَلَا يَمِينَ فَإِذَا كَانَ شَاهِدٌ حَكَمْنَا بِشَاهِدٍ وَيَمِينٍ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِخِلَافِ ظَاهِرِ الْقُرْآنِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُحَرِّمْ أَنْ يَجُوزَ أَقَلُّ مِمَّا نَصَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْلَمُ بِمَعْنَى مَا أَرَادَ اللهُ ﷻ وَقَدْ أَمَرَنَا اللهُ ﷻ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ مَا آتَانَا وَنَنْتَهِيَ عَمَّا نَهَانَا وَنَسْأَلُ اللهَ الْعِصْمَةَ وَالتَّوْفِيقَ  

[Machine] About the jurists who agree on the saying of the people of Madinah, they used to say that the right hand should not be combined with the witness in matters of divorce, emancipation, or separation. They did not permit the testimony of women except when there was no man who could witness except for women. They would say that whoever has a witness testify for him about the killing of his slave, he must swear an oath with his witness once and the value of his slave must be demanded.  

عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَا تَكُونُ الْيَمِينُ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَلَا الْعِتَاقِ وَلَا الْفُرْقَةِ وَلَمْ يَكُونُوا يُجِيزُونَ شَهَادَةَ النِّسَاءِ لَا رَجُلَ مَعَهُنَّ إِلَّا فِيمَا لَا يَرَاهُ إِلَّا النِّسَاءُ وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ مَنْ شَهِدَ لَهُ شَاهِدٌ عَلَى قَتْلِ عَبْدِهِ حَلَفَ مَعَ شَاهِدِهِ يَمِينًا وَاحِدَةً وَاسْتَوْجَبَ قِيمَةَ عَبْدِهِ