66. Witnesses
٦٦۔ كِتَابُ الشَّهَادَاتِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Huwayyisah, Muhaaysah, and Abdur Rahman, "Do you swear and deserve the blood of your companion?" They replied, "No." He said, "Then the Jews will swear and claim that they have expelled him in the correct way as it was mentioned in the Book of Oaths."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِحُوَيِّصَةَ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ تَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ؟ قَالُوا لَا قَالَ فَيَحْلِفُ يَهُودُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسَامَةِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ started to take an oath from the Ansar. When they did not take the oaths, he returned the oaths to the Jews 20734. And Malik narrated from Yahya bin Sa'eed from Bishr bin Yasir from the Prophet ﷺ with a similar Hadith. The sheikh said: As for the narration of Malik bin Anas from Yahya bin Sa'eed, it is in Al-Muwatta' like this, Mursal (a kind of Hadith transmission).
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَدَأَ الْأَنْصَارِيَّيْنِ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا رَدَّ الْأَيْمَانَ عَلَى يَهُودَ 20734 قَالَ وَأنبأ مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَمَا رِوَايَةُ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ فَإِنَّهَا فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ هَكَذَا مُرْسَلَةٌ
[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: 'Do you swear fifty oaths and still deserve to be killed or to kill your companion?' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah, how can this be when we did not witness or attend?' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to them: 'The Jews will exonerate you with fifty oaths.' As for the narration of 'Abdul-Wahhab bin 'Abdul-Majid Ath-Thaqafi, it is like this in meaning, except that it is connected."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَتَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبَكُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ وَلَمْ نَحْضُرْ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا وَأَمَّا رِوَايَةُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيِّ فَإِنَّهَا هَكَذَا فِي الْمَعْنَى إِلَّا أَنَّهَا مَوْصُولَةٌ
[Machine] Abdullah bin Sahl Al-Ansari and Muhaysah bin Masood went out to Khaybar, but they separated for their own needs. Abdullah bin Sahl was killed, and then Abdulrahman bin Sahl, Huwayshah, and Muhaysah bin Masood went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Abdulrahman, the brother of the deceased, came forward to speak. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Hold on, hold on." Huwayshah and Muhaysah then spoke of the incident of Abdullah bin Sahl. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked them, "Do any of you swear by Allah that you saw the killer or his companion?" They said, "O Messenger of Allah, we were not present, and we did not witness." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Then the Jews will clear you of guilt by taking fifty oaths from you." They asked, "O Messenger of Allah, how can we accept oaths from disbelievers?" The Prophet ﷺ then accepted their request.
أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ وَمُحَيِّصَةَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ خَرَجَا إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَتَفَرَّقَا لِحَاجَتِهِمَا فَقُتِلَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ فَجَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ وَحُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ ابْنَا مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ لَيَتَكَلَّمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْكِبَرَ الْكِبَرَ فَتَكَلَّمَ حُوَيِّصَةُ وَمُحَيِّصَةُ فَذَكَرَا لَهُ شَأْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيَحْلِفُ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ فَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ قَاتِلَكُمْ أَوْ صَاحِبَكُمْ؟ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَمْ نَحْضُرْ وَلَمْ نَشْهَدْ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَتُبْرِئُكُمْ يَهُودُ بِخَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَيْفَ نَقْبَلُ أَيْمَانَ قَوْمٍ كُفَّارٍ؟ قَالَ فَعَقَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ
[Machine] The passage is in Arabic and its translation into English is as follows:
"Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: For those against whom you make a claim (i.e., a financial claim) by swearing, [saying, 'It is my right] fifty times what he could swear by. They refused and were embarrassed by swearing so he (Omar) said to the others, "You swear," but they refused. Abu Sa'id added I, with my chain of authority, confirm that Shafi'i said, 'Allah's Messenger ﷺ had taken the oath of allegiance from the Ansar on the Day (of the pledge at Hudaybiyah). And he said to them, 'This is the allegiance of you the Ansar concerning the matter which involves me and you.' And then the Prophet ﷺ held out his hand, and then they (i.e., the Ansar) were reluctant to offer their hands. Then the Prophet ﷺ said [to them), 'Offer your hands.' Then they offered their hands and the Prophet ﷺ said, 'I take the oath of allegiance from you for Islam and emigration (to Medina), and what involves you in me.' So wherever the Prophet ﷺ took the oath of allegiance from anyone of the believing women, he used to say to her, 'I have taken your pledge of allegiance for Islam' (and emigration). Abu Sa'id was asked by one of his companions, 'Did the Prophet ﷺ take the oath of allegiance from you?' He replied, 'Yes.'"
Please note that due to the translation from Arabic to English, the meaning may slightly differ.
عُمَرُ ؓ لِلَّذِينَ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِمْ تَحْلِفُونَ خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا مَا مَاتَ مِنْهَا؟ فَأَبَوْا وَتَحَرَّجُوا مِنَ الْأَيْمَانِ فَقَالَ لِلْآخَرِينَ احْلِفُوا أَنْتُمْ فَأَبَوْا زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ بِإِسْنَادِهِ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَقَدْ رَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْأَنْصَارِيِّينِ يَسْتَحِقُّونَ فَلَمَّا لَمْ يَحْلِفُوا حَوَّلَهَا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ يُبَرَّءُونَ بِهَا وَرَأَى عُمَرُ ؓ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى اللَّيْثِيِّينَ يُبَرَّءُونَ بِهَا فَلَمَّا أَبَوْا حَوَّلَهَا عَلَى الْجُهَنِيِّينَ يَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِهَا فَكُلُّ هَذَا تَحْوِيلُ يَمِينٍ مِنْ مَوْضِعٍ قَدْ رُتِّبَتْ فِيهِ إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يُخَالِفُهُ فَبِهَذَا وَمَا أَدْرَكْنَا عَلَيْهِ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنَا يَحْكُونَ عَنْ مُفْتِيهِمْ وَحُكَّامِهِمْ قَدِيمًا وَحَدِيثًا قُلْنَا فِي رَدِّ الْيَمِينِ
[Machine] The Prophet (PBUH) affirmed the oath of allegiance taken by the seeker of truth, which was exclusively done by Sulaiman ibn Abdur Rahman Ad-Damashqi, with his chain of narration. This is based on what has been mentioned previously and Allah knows best.
النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَدَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى طَالِبِ الْحَقِّ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ هَذَا وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى مَا مَضَى وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ
[Machine] It is four thousand, and he disputed with Umar. He said, "I have lent Miqdad seven thousand dirhams." Miqdad said, "It is only four thousand." Miqdad insisted by swearing that it is seven thousand. Umar said, "Take what he has given you." And this narration is authentic, except that it is disconnected. It is in accordance with what we have narrated from Umar regarding division, where one of them confirms his companion in what they agreed upon in Umar's opinion regarding rejecting the oath of the plaintiff. And in this report, there is an addition to the opinion of Uthman and Miqdad. And Allah knows best.
هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ فَخَاصَمَهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ إِنِّي قَدْ أَقْرَضْتُ الْمِقْدَادَ سَبْعَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ الْمِقْدَادُ إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ فَقَالَ الْمِقْدَادُ أَحْلِفْهُ أَنَّهَا سَبْعَةُ آلَافٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنْصَفَكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ خُذْ مَا أَعْطَاكَ قَالَ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَهُوَ مَعَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ فِي الْقَسَامَةِ يُؤَكِّدُ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ فِيمَا اجْتَمَعَا فِيهِ مِنْ مَذْهَبِ عُمَرَ ؓ فِي رَدِّ الْيَمِينِ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَفِي هَذَا الْمُرْسَلِ زِيَادَةُ مَذْهَبِ عُثْمَانَ وَالْمِقْدَادِ ؓ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ
[Machine] "He said, the oath is with the witness, and if he does not have evidence, then the oath is upon the accused, if he has associated with him. And if he refuses, the accuser must take an oath."
أَنَّهُ قَالَ الْيَمِينُ مَعَ الشَّاهِدِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ فَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ خَالَطَهُ فَإِنْ نَكَلَ حَلَفَ الْمُدَّعِي