66. Witnesses
٦٦۔ كِتَابُ الشَّهَادَاتِ
“The Testimony of a man or woman who is treacherous, or of one who has been subjected to one of the Haad punishments of Islam, or of one who bears a grudge against his brother, is not permissible.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2366)
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ وَلَا خَائِنَةٍ وَلَا مَحْدُودٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَلَا مَحْدُودَةٍ وَلَا ذِي غِمْرٍ عَلَى أَخِيهِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The testimony of a traitor, male or female, cannot be accepted, nor can the testimony of someone who is stopped at a limit, nor can the testimony of someone who is biased against his brother. Adam bin Faid and Al-Muthanna bin As-Sabbah cannot be used as evidence." This hadith has been narrated in weak ways from Umar, and whoever narrates this hadith from trustworthy sources does not mention Al-Majlood. Allah knows best, and it has been narrated from two other weak narrators.
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ وَلَا خَائِنَةٍ وَلَا مَوْقُوفٍ عَلَى حَدٍّ وَلَا ذِي غِمْرٍ عَلَى أَخِيهِ آدَمُ بْنُ فَائِدٍ وَالْمُثَنَّى بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِمَا وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ ضَعِيفَةٍ عَنْ عَمْرٍو وَمَنْ رَوَى مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ عَمْرٍو لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ الْمَجْلُودَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ آخَرِينَ ضَعِيفَيْنِ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The testimony of a betrayer, a woman betrayer, a person under the punishment of hadd (Islamic punishment), a person carrying suspicion against his brother, a person who had been tested with bearing false witness against others, a person with doubt in his loyalty, and a person related to the case are not acceptable. This is Yazeed ibn Abi Ziyad, also known as Ibn Ziyad Ash-Shami, and he is weak.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ خَائِنٍ وَلَا خَائِنَةٍ وَلَا مَجْلُودِ حَدٍّ وَلَا ذِي غِمْرٍ لِأَخِيهِ وَلَا مُجَرَّبٍ عَلَيْهِ شَهَادَةُ زُورٍ وَلَا ظَنِينٍ فِي وَلَاءٍ وَلَا قَرَابَةٍ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ وَيُقَالُ ابْنُ زِيَادٍ الشَّامِيُّ هَذَا ضَعِيفٌ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered a sermon and said: "Surely, the testimony of a traitor or traitress is not permissible, nor is the testimony of someone who deceives his brother, nor the testimony of someone who is biased, nor the testimony of someone who is wrongfully accused." Ali Ibn Yahya bin Sa'id, who is the Persian Matruk, and Abdul A'la, who is weak, said, "The Sheikh (i.e., religious scholar) said, 'Nothing in this matter can be relied upon and attributed to the Prophet ﷺ ,' and it is narrated from Umar Ibn Al-Khattab."
رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَ وَقَالَ أَلَا لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْخَائِنِ وَلَا الْخَائِنَةُ وَلَا ذِي غِمْرٍ عَلَى أَخِيهِ وَلَا الْمَوْقُوفِ عَلَى حَدٍّ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ هُوَ الْفَارِسِيُّ مَتْرُوكٌ وَعَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ضَعِيفٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ لَا يَصِحُّ فِي هَذَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ شَيْءٌ يُعْتَمَدُ عَلَيْهِ وَيُرْوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ
[Machine] In it, Muslims are not cautious with each other except in specific cases, such as punishment or trial in false testimony, suspicion in loyalty or kinship. This is what he intended before repenting. We have narrated that he said to Abu Bakr, may Allah have mercy on him, "Repent and your testimony will be accepted." This is what is meant by what may be deemed valid from the reports, as is meant by all those who retract their testimony with them. And Allah knows best.
فِيهِ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ عُدُولٌ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ إِلَّا مَجْلُودًا فِي حَدٍّ أَوْ مُجَرَّبًا فِي شَهَادَةِ زُورٍ أَوْ ظَنِينًا فِي وَلَاءٍ أَوْ قَرَابَةٍ وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتُوبَ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تُبْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُكَ وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا عَسَى يَصِحُّ فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَخْبَارِ كَمَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ بِسَائِرِ مَنْ رَدَّ شَهَادَتَهُ مَعَهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ
[Machine] He used to say that the testimony of the informant is never permissible, and his repentance is between him and his Lord.
أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْقَاذِفِ أَبَدًا وَتَوْبَتُهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّهِ
[Machine] About Al-Hasan, they said: "His testimony will never be accepted, but his repentance is between him and Allah."
عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا لَا تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُ أَبَدًا وَتَوْبَتُهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللهُ
[Machine] His repentance regarding what has occurred between him and his Lord from the tremendous punishment and his testimony is not accepted.
تَوْبَتُهُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ رَبِّهِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْعَظِيمِ وَلَا تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُ
أَنْ يُجْلَدَ فَشَهَادَتُهُ جَائِزَةٌ