Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri recited this Verse: “O you who believe! When you contract a debt for a fixed period...” until: “then if one of you entrusts the other.” Then he said: “This abrogates what came before.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2365)   

تَلَا {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى} [البقرة 282] حَتَّى بَلَغَ {فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا} [البقرة 283] قَالَ هَذِهِ نَسَخَتْ مَا قَبْلَهَا  

[Machine] If you testify, there is determination, and if you entrust him, there is broadness and we were informed by Al-Hassan al-Basri that he said, "If he wishes, he testifies, and if he wishes, he does not testify. Do you not hear his statement, 'So if one of you entrusts the other'?" [Surah al-Baqarah 2:283]. Al-Shafi'i said, may Allah have mercy on him, and it has been preserved from the Prophet ﷺ that he pledged allegiance to a Bedouin in relation to a horse, and the Bedouin denied the orders of some hypocrites, and there was no evidence between them.  

إِنْ أَشَهَدْتَ فَحَزْمٌ وَإِنِ ائْتَمَنْتَهُ فَفِي حِلٍّ وَسَعَةٍ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَشْهَدَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا} [البقرة 283]؟ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ حُفِظَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ بَايَعَ أَعْرَابِيًّا فِي فَرَسٍ فَجَحَدَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ بِأَمْرِ بَعْضِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ  

[Machine] He was among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, Ali ibn Hamshaz Al-Adl informed us, Ismail ibn Ishaq Al-Qadi and Al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Ziyad said: Ismail ibn Abi Uways told me that his brother Abu Bakr narrated to me from Sulaiman ibn Bilal from Muhammad ibn Abi Atiq from Ibn Shihab from Umarah ibn Khuzaymah that his uncle informed him, and he was one of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ bought a horse from a Bedouin man, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ followed him to pay for the horse. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ walked fast, while the Bedouin man walked slowly. Some men came and intercepted the Bedouin man, and they started bargaining with him for the horse, unaware that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had already bought it. When they increased the price, the Bedouin man called out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , saying: "If you want to buy this horse, then buy it, otherwise, I'll sell it." When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard the call of the Bedouin man, he went to him and asked him, "Didn't I buy it from you?" The Bedouin man said, "No, by Allah, I didn't sell it to you." The people then surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Bedouin man, and they both retreated. The Bedouin man said, "Come here as a witness that I have sold it to you." Khuzaymah said, "I bear witness that you have sold it to him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then approached Khuzaymah and asked, "What do you bear witness to?" Khuzaymah said, "I bear witness to your truthfulness." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ considered the testimony of Khuzaymah equal to the testimony of two men.  

وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَمْشَاذٍ الْعَدْلُ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زِيَادٍ قَالَا أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَخِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ أَنَّ عَمَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ابْتَاعَ فَرَسًا مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ فَاسْتَتْبَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِيَقْضِيَ ثَمَنَ فَرَسِهِ فَأَسْرَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَشْيَ وَأَبْطَأَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ فَطَفِقَ رِجَالٌ يَعْتَرِضُونَ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ وَيُسَاوِمُونَهُ الْفَرَسَ وَلَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِ ابْتَاعَهُ حَتَّى زَادَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْأَعْرَابِيَّ فِي السَّوْمِ فَلَمَّا زَادُوا نَادَى الْأَعْرَابِيُّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِنْ كُنْتَ مُبْتَاعًا هَذَا الْفَرَسَ فَابْتَعْهُ وَإِلَّا بِعْتُهُ فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ سَمِعَ نِدَاءَ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ حَتَّى أَتَى الْأَعْرَابِيَّ فَقَالَ أَوَلَيْسَ قَدِ ابْتَعْتُ مِنْكَ؟ قَالَ لَا وَاللهِ مَا بِعْتُكَهُ قَالَ بَلِ ابْتَعْتُهُ مِنْكَ فَطَفِقَ النَّاسُ يَلُوذُونَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَبِالْأَعْرَابِيِّ وَهُمَا يَتَرَاجَعَانِ فَطَفِقَ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ يَقُولُ هَلُمَّ شَهِيدًا أَنِّي بَايَعْتُكَ فَقَالَ خُزَيْمَةُ أَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ بَايَعْتَهُ فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى خُزَيْمَةَ فَقَالَ بِمَ تَشْهَدُ؟ قَالَ بِتَصْدِيقِكَ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ شَهَادَةَ خُزَيْمَةَ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ bought a horse from Sawwa ibn Al-Harith Al-Muharibi, but he denied it. Khuzaymah ibn Thabit testified on his behalf, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, "What led you to testify even though you were not there?" He replied, "You spoke the truth, O Messenger of Allah, but I believed you and I knew that you do not speak except the truth." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "Whoever testifies for or against someone, his testimony is sufficient." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "If it were definite, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would not have given his pledge without clear evidence."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ابْتَاعَ مِنْ سَوَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْمُحَارِبِيِّ فَرَسًا فَجَحَدَ فَشَهِدَ لَهُ خُزَيْمَةُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى الشَّهَادَةِ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ مَعَهُ؟ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَلَكِنْ صَدَّقْتُكَ بِمَا قُلْتَ وَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّكَ لَا تَقُولُ إِلَّا حَقًّا فَقَالَ مَنْ شَهِدَ لَهُ خُزَيْمَةُ أَوْ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَلَوْ كَانَ حَتْمًا لَمْ يُبَايِعْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِلَا بَيِّنَةٍ  

[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ who said: There are three people whose prayers are not answered by Allah: a man who has a disobedient wife and does not divorce her, a man who has financial authority over someone and does not bear witness in his favor, and a person who gives his wealth to a foolish person even though Allah (ﷻ) has said, "And do not give the foolish your property" [Quran 4:5].  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ ثَلَاثَةٌ يَدْعُونَ اللهَ فَلَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ سَيِّئَةُ الْخُلُقِ فَلَمْ يُطَلِّقْهَا وَرَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَالٌ فَلَمْ يُشْهِدْ عَلَيْهِ وَرَجُلٌ آتَى سَفِيهًا مَالَهُ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمْ} [النساء 5]  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said regarding the saying of Allah (If you are in debt and cannot find a scribe, let there be a pledge taken in hand) until the end of the verse (Indeed, the first person to deny Adam was his son Dawood. He saw a man with bright shining light, and he said, 'O Lord, who is this?'). When death approached him and the angels came to him, he said, 'There are still forty years left of my life.' They said, 'You have given them to your son Dawood.' He said, 'I have not given anything to anyone.' So Allah brought out the book and the angels testified against him. Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Abdan informed us that Ahmad ibn Ubayd narrated to us, on the authority of Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Baghwiy, on the authority of Abu Salamah Musa ibn Ismail, on the authority of Hammad ibn Salamah, mentioning the meaning of this Hadith except that he said at the beginning of it, when the verse about debt was revealed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, and at the end of it, and Adam lived a complete one thousand years and Dawood lived one hundred years.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي قَوْلِ اللهِ ﷻ {إِذَا تَدَايَنْتُمْ بِدَيْنٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ} [البقرة 282] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَحَدَ آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَرَاهُ ذُرِّيَّتَهُ فَرَأَى رَجُلًا أَزْهَرَ سَاطِعًا نُورُهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ هَذَا ابْنُكَ دَاوُدُ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ فَمَا عُمُرُهُ؟ قَالَ سِتُّونَ سَنَةً قَالَ يَا رَبِّ زِدْ فِي عُمُرِهِ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَزِيدَهُ مِنْ عُمُرِكَ قَالَ وَمَا عُمُرِي؟ قَالَ أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ قَالَ آدَمُ فَقَدْ وَهَبْتُ لَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ وَكَتَبَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابًا وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَتَهُ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ وَجَاءَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ قَالَ إِنَّهُ بَقِيَ مِنْ عُمْرِي أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً قَالُوا إِنَّهُ قَدْ وَهَبْتَهُ لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ قَالَ مَا وَهَبْتُ لِأَحَدٍ شَيْئًا فَأَخْرَجَ اللهُ الْكِتَابَ وَشَهَّدَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَتَهُ 20519 وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْبَغَوِيُّ ثنا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي أَوَّلِهِ لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الدَّيْنِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَأَكْمَلَ لِآدَمَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ وَلِدَاوُدَ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ  

“When Allah created Adam, He breathed the soul into him, then he sneezed and said: ‘All praise is due to Allah.’ So he praised Allah by His permission. Then His Lord said to him: ‘May Allah have mercy upon you O Adam. Go to those angels – to that gathering of them sitting – so say: 'As-Salamu alaikum.' They said 'Wa Alaikas-Salamu Wa Rahmatullah’. Then he returned to his Lord, He said: ‘This is your greeting and the greeting of your children among each other.’ Then Allah said to him – while His Two Hands were closed – ‘Choose which of them you wish.’ He said: ‘I chose the right My Lord and both of the Hands of my Lord are right, blessed.’ Then He extended it, and there was Adam and his offspring in it.’ So he said: ‘What are these O my Lord?’ He said: ‘These are your offspring?’ Each one of them had his age written between his eyes. But among them there was a man who was the most illuminating of them – or among the most illuminated of them. He said: ‘O Lord! Who is this?’ He said: ‘This is your son Dawud, I wrote forty years for him.’ He said: ‘O Lord! Add to his age.’ He said: ‘That is what I have written for him.’ He said: ‘O Lord! Give him sixty of my years.’ He said: ‘So you shall have it.’” He said: “Then, he resided in Paradise as long as Allah willed, then he was cast from it, so Adam was counting for himself.” He said: “So the Angel of death came to him, and Adam said to him: ‘You are hasty, one-thousand years were written for me.’ He said: ‘Of course! But you gave sixty years to your son Dawud.’ So he rejected, and his offspring rejected, and he forgot, and his offspring forgot.” He said: “So ever since that day, what is written and witnessed has been decreed.” (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3367)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا خَلَقَ اللهُ آدَمَ وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ عَطَسَ فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ رَحِمَكَ رَبُّكَ يَا آدَمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ اذْهَبْ إِلَى أُولَئِكَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَى مَلَأٍ مِنْهُمْ جُلُوسٍ فَقُلِ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَذَهَبَ قَالُوا وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ تَحِيَّتُكَ وَتَحِيَّةُ بَنِيكَ وَبَنِيهِمْ وَقَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَهُ وَيَدَاهُ مَقْبُوضَتَانِ اخْتَرْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ فَقَالَ اخْتَرْتُ يَمِينَ رَبِّي وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْ رَبِّي يَمِينٌ مُبَارَكَةٌ ثُمَّ بَسَطَهَا فَإِذَا فِيهَا آدَمُ وَذُرِّيَّتُهُ فَقَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ مَا هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ ذُرِّيَّتُكَ فَإِذَا كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مَكْتُوبٌ عُمُرُهُ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ وَإِذَا فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ أَضْوَأُهُمْ أَوْ قَالَ مِنْ أَضْوَئِهِمْ لَمْ يُكْتَبْ لَهُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً فَقَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ زِدْ فِي عُمُرِهِ قَالَ ذَاكَ الَّذِي كُتِبَ لَهُ قَالَ فَإِنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَهُ مِنْ عُمُرِي سِتِّينَ سَنَةً قَالَ أَنْتَ وَذَاكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ أُسْكِنَ الْجَنَّةَ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ ثُمَّ أُهْبِطَ مِنْهَا وَكَانَ آدَمُ يَعُدُّ لِنَفْسِهِ فَأَتَاهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ لَهُ آدَمُ قَدْ عَجَّلْتَ قَدْ كُتِبَتْ لِي أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنَّكَ جَعَلْتَ لِابْنِكَ دَاوُدَ مِنْهَا سِتِّينَ سَنَةً فَجَحَدَ فَجَحَدَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ وَنَسِيَ فَنَسِيَتْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ فَيَوْمَئِذٍ أُمِرَ بِالْكِتَابِ وَالشُّهُودِ  

[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, what if I found another man with my wife, should I give him respite until I bring four witnesses?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Yes."  

يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدْتُ مَعَ امْرَأَتِي رَجُلًا أُمْهِلُهُ حَتَّى آتِيَ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Yes, he said: No, by the One who sent you with the truth, if I were to hasten it with a sword." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Listen to what your master says. Indeed, he is jealous, and I am more jealous than him. And Allah is more jealous than me."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ قَالَ كَلَّا وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأُعْجِلُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اسْمَعُوا مَا يَقُولُ سَيِّدُكُمْ؟ إِنَّهُ غَيُورٌ وَأَنَا أَغْيَرُ مِنْهُ وَاللهُ أَغْيَرُ مِنِّي  

[Machine] That Muawiyah wrote to Abu Musa asking about a man who entered his house and found another man with his wife so he killed either the man or the woman? So Abu Musa asked Ali about it, and Ali said to him, "What reminded you of this? This is not related to us. I have decided concerning you." He said that Muawiyah wrote to him asking if he asked him about it. He said, "I am Abu Hassan. If four witnesses come to us, otherwise he is punished with his own statement." Yahya ibn Sa'id said, "He is killed." The sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said that this is from the hadith of Malik ibn Anas, from Yahya ibn Sa'id, who said that Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, witnessed against a man with fornication and the fourth did not confirm, so he was whipped the three times.  

أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى سَلْ عَلِيًّا ؓ عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ بَيْتَهُ فَإِذَا مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَتَلَهَا أَوْ قَتَلَهُ؟ فَسَأَلَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ مَا ذَكَّرَكَ هَذَا؟ إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ مَا هُوَ بِأَرْضِنَا؟ عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ كَتَبَ إِلِيَّ مُعَاوِيَةُ فِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْهَا قَالَ أَنَا أَبُو حَسَنٍ إِنْ جَاءَنَا بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاءَ وَإِلَّا دَفَعَ بِرُمَّتِهِ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ يُقْتَلُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ مَضَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَشَهِدَ ثَلَاثَةٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ ؓ بِالزِّنَا وَلَمْ يُثْبِتِ الرَّابِعُ فَجَلَدَ الثَّلَاثَةَ  

[Machine] When Abu Bakrah and his companions testified against Al-Mughirah, Ziyad came and Umar said to him, "If he testifies, by Allah's will, it should only be with the truth." Ziyad replied, "I have seen flourishing and an evil council." Umar asked him, "Did you see al-Murd entering the Makhlah (a place where animal hides are dyed)?" He answered, "No." So Umar ordered for them to be flogged.  

لَمَّا شَهِدَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ وَصَاحِبَاهُ عَلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ جَاءَ زِيَادٌ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ رَجُلٌ إِنْ يَشْهَدْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ قَالَ رَأَيْتُ ابْتِهَارًا وَمَجْلِسًا سَيِّئًا فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ الْمِرْوَدَ دَخَلَ الْمُكْحُلَةَ؟ قَالَ لَا فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَجُلِدُوا  

A man of the Ansar was killed at Khaybar and his relatives went to the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned that to him. He asked: Have you two witnesses who can testify to the murderer of your friend? They replied: Messenger of Allah! there was not a single Muslim present, but only Jews who sometimes have the audacity to do even greater crimes than this. He said: Then choose fifty of them and demand that they take an oath; but they refused and the Prophet ﷺ paid the blood-wit himself. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4524)   

أَصْبَحَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مَقْتُولًا بِخَيْبَرَ فَانْطَلَقَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَلَكُمْ شَاهِدَانِ يَشْهَدَانِ عَلَى قَتْلِ صَاحِبِكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ ثَمَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِنَّمَا هُمْ يَهُودُ وَقَدْ يَجْتَرِئُونَ عَلَى أَعْظَمَ مِنْ هَذَا وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian and two just witnesses. If they dispute, then the ruler is the guardian of the one who has no guardian. If a woman marries without a guardian, then her marriage is invalid." We have also narrated in the Book of Marriage from Al-Hasan and Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib that 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab said, "There is no marriage except with a guardian and two just witnesses." And it is narrated from Ibn 'Abbas as well that he said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said…”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ فَإِنْ نَكَحَتْ فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ وَرَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَالَ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ وَشَاهِدَيْ عَدْلٍ وَرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَالَّذِي  

[Machine] It did not allow women's testimony at all.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ النِّسَاءِ عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ  

[Machine] "And divorce is one of the most severe limits (penalties)."  

وَالطَّلَاقُ مِنْ أَشَدِّ الْحُدُودِ  

O womenfolk, you should give charity and ask much forgiveness for I saw you in bulk amongst the dwellers of Hell. A wise lady among them said: Why is it, Messenger of Allah, that our folk is in bulk in Hell? Upon this the Prophet observed: You curse too much and are ungrateful to your spouses. I have seen none lacking in common sense and failing in religion but (at the same time) robbing the wisdom of the wise, besides you. Upon this the woman remarked: What is wrong with our common sense and with religion? He (the Holy Prophet) observed: Your lack of common sense (can be well judged from the fact) that the evidence of two women is equal to one man, that is a proof of the lack of common sense, and you spend some nights (and days) in which you do not offer prayer and in the month of Ramadan (during the days) you do not observe fast, that is a failing in religion. (Using translation from Muslim 79a)   

رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ النِّسَاءِ تَصَدَّقْنَ وَأَكْثِرْنَ الِاسْتِغْفَارَ فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُكُنَّ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ النَّارِ قَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ مَا لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ تُكْثِرْنَ اللَّعْنَ وَتَكْفُرْنَ الْعَشِيرَ وَمَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَاقِصَاتِ عَقْلٍ وَدِينٍ أَغْلَبَ لِذِي اللُّبِ مِنْكُنَّ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَمَا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ وَالدِّينِ؟ قَالَ أَمَّا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ فَشَهَادَةُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَعْدِلُ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ فَهَذَا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ وَتَمْكُثُ اللَّيَالِيَ لَا تُصَلِّي وَتُفْطِرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَهَذَا نُقْصَانُ الدِّينِ  

"I am only a human being, and you bring your disputes to me, some perhaps being more eloquent in their plea than others, so that I give judgement on their behalf according to what I hear from them. Therefore, whatever I decide for anyone which by right belongs to his brother, he must not take anything, for I am granting him only a portion of Hell. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3583)   

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلِيَّ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَسْمَعُ مِنْهُ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ فَلَا يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Indeed, I am only human, and you have disputes which you bring to me for judgment. It may be that some of you are more eloquent in their argumentation than others, so I will decide in favor of what I hear. So whoever I decide a right for his brother, let him not take even a rope from him, for I am only giving him a slice of the Fire."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلِيَّ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَسْمَعُ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَأْخُذَنَّ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ  

(the wife of the Prophet) Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard some people quarreling at the door of his dwelling. He came out and said, "I am only a human being, and opponents come to me (to settle their problems); maybe someone amongst you can present his case more eloquently than the other, whereby I may consider him true and give a verdict in his favor. So, If I give the right of a Muslim to another by mistake, then it is really a portion of (Hell) Fire, he has the option to take or give up (before the Day of Resurrection). (Using translation from Bukhārī 2458)   

أَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ خُصُومَةً بِبَابِ حُجْرَتِهِ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِينِي الْخَصْمُ فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبْلَغَ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَحْسِبَ أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ مُسْلِمٍ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ فَلْيَأْخُذْهَا أَوْ لِيَتْرُكْهَا  

Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas and 'Abu bin Zamʿa quarreled over a boy. Saʿd said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! This boy is the son of my brother (ʿUtba bin Abi Waqqas) who took a promise from me that I would take him as he was his (illegal) son. Look at him and see whom he resembles." 'Abu bin Zamʿa said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! This is my brother and was born on my father's bed from his slave-girl." Allah's Apostle cast a look at the boy and found definite resemblance to ʿUtba and then said, "The boy is for you, O 'Abu bin Zamʿa. The child goes to the owner of the bed and the adulterer gets nothing but the stones (despair, i.e. to be stoned to death). Then the Prophet ﷺ said, "O Sauda bint Zama! Screen yourself from this boy." So, Sauda never saw him again. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2218)   

سَعْدٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَذَا ابْنُ أَخِي عُتْبَةَ عَهِدَ إِلِيَّ أَنَّهُ ابْنُهُ فَانْظُرْ إِلَى شَبَهِهِ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ هَذَا أَخِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِي مِنْ وَلِيدَتِهِ فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى شَبَهٍ بَيِّنٍ بِعُتْبَةَ فَقَالَ هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدُ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ فَلَمْ يَرَ سَوْدَةَ قَطُّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever introduces something in this matter of ours that is not part of it, it will be rejected."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِي أَمْرِنَا هَذَا مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ  

[Machine] 'Umar wrote to Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, "Verily, judgment is a mandatory duty and a followed Sunnah, so understand when it is presented to you. Speaking the truth without any effect does not benefit you, so avoid showing displeasure to people in your face, gatherings, and judgments, so that neither a noble person desires a disgrace from you, nor a weak person loses hope in your clear justice. Proof is required for one who claims, and an oath is required for one who denies, and reconciliation is permissible between Muslims except for reconciling what is forbidden or forbidding what is permissible. And whoever claims a hidden right or provides evidence, then give him the amount he claims. If he fails to produce evidence, then punish him for the time necessary for him to bring it forth. If he comes with proof, give him his due. If he is unable to produce evidence, then you have the right to pass judgment in his absence and this is the fairest excuse and the most just for the blind. This should not prevent you from executing a judicial decision you made today just because you doubted and were guided by another opinion. Review what is presented to you that is not in the Qur'an or Sunnah, then assess the matter at that point and learn proverbs and analogies. Then turn to Allah in what you see and what resembles it in truth. Beware of anger, anxiety, boredom, annoying people during disputes, and pretending. For God rewards him who executes judgment in the rightful places, and enriches him with it. Whoever intends solely for the sake of God, even if it is against his own self, God will suffice for him in what is between him and people. And whoever pretends to have what is not in his heart, God will disgrace him. Indeed, God, glorified and exalted be He, accepts only what is done sincerely for Him. And what do you think of a reward other than Allah's in his immediate provisions and the treasures of His mercy?"  

عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ؓ إِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فَرِيضَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ وَسُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ فَافْهَمْ إِذَا أُدْلِيَ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْفَعُ تَكَلُّمُ حَقٍّ لَا نَفَاذَ لَهُ وَآسِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِي وَجْهِكَ وَمَجْلِسِكَ وَقَضَائِكَ حَتَّى لَا يَطْمَعَ شَرِيفٌ فِي حَيْفِكَ وَلَا يَيْأَسَ ضَعِيفٌ مِنْ عَدْلِكَ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ وَالصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا صُلْحًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا وَمَنِ ادَّعَى حَقًّا غَائِبًا أَوْ بَيِّنَةً فَاضْرِبْ لَهُ أَمَدًا يَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِبَيِّنَةٍ أَعْطَيْتَهُ بِحَقِّهِ فَإِنْ أَعْجَزَهُ ذَلِكَ اسْتَحْلَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضِيَّةَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَبْلَغُ فِي الْعُذْرِ وَأَجْلَى لِلْعَمَى وَلَا يَمْنَعْكَ مِنْ قَضَاءٍ قَضَيْتَهُ الْيَوْمَ فَرَاجَعْتَ فِيهِ لِرَأْيِكَ وَهُدِيتَ فِيهِ لِرُشْدِكَ أَنْ تُرَاجِعَ الْحَقَّ لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ قَدِيمٌ لَا يُبْطِلُ الْحَقَّ شَيْءٌ وَمُرَاجَعَةُ الْحَقِّ خَيْرٌ مِنَ التَّمَادِي فِي الْبَاطِلِ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ عُدُولٌ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ إِلَّا مَجْلُودٌ فِي حَدٍّ أَوْ مُجَرَّبٌ عَلَيْهِ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ أَوْ ظَنِينٌ فِي وَلَاءٍ أَوْ قَرَابَةٍ فَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ تَوَلَّى مِنَ الْعِبَادِ السِّرَائِرَ وَسَتَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُدُودَ إِلَّا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْأَيْمَانِ ثُمَّ الْفَهْمَ الْفَهْمَ فِيمَا أُدْلِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا لَيْسَ فِي قُرْآنٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ ثُمَّ قَايِسِ الْأُمُورَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَاعْرِفِ الْأَمْثَالَ وَالْأَشْبَاهَ ثُمَّ اعْمِدْ إِلَى أَحَبِّهَا إِلَى اللهِ فِيمَا تَرَى وَأَشْبَهِهَا بِالْحَقِّ وَإِيَّاكَ وَالْغَضَبَ وَالْقَلَقَ وَالضَّجَرَ وَالتَّأَذِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ عِنْدَ الْخُصُومَةِ وَالتَّنَكُّرَ فَإِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فِي مَوَاطِنِ الْحَقِّ يُوجِبُ اللهُ لَهُ الْأَجْرَ وَيُحْسِنُ بِهِ الذُّخْرَ فَمَنْ خَلُصَتْ نِيَّتُهُ فِي الْحَقِّ وَلَوْ كَانَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ كَفَاهُ اللهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَمَنْ تَزَيَّنَ لَهُمْ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ شَانَهُ اللهُ فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَا يَقْبَلُ مِنَ الْعِبَادَةِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ لَهُ خَالِصًا وَمَا ظَنُّكَ بِثَوَابِ غَيْرِ اللهِ فِي عَاجِلِ رِزْقِهِ وَخَزَائِنِ رَحْمَتِهِ؟  

[Machine] He used to say to the man, "I will decide for you, and I suspect you are unjust. However, I can only judge based on the evidence that is presented to me. My judgement is not allowed to make something forbidden for you."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ لِلرَّجُلِ إِنِّي لَأَقْضِي لَكَ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ ظَالِمًا وَلَكِنْ لَا يَسَعُنِي إِلَّا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ بِمَا يَحْضُرْنِي مِنَ الْبَيِّنَةِ وَإِنَّ قَضَائِي لَا يُحِلُّ لَكَ حَرَامًا  

[Machine] Shurayh allowed women to testify in cases of lunar sighting and matters that men do not look into. The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And this is the opinion of the majority."  

كَانَ شُرَيْحٌ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ النِّسْوَةِ عَلَى الِاسْتِهْلَالِ وَمَا لَا يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ الرِّجَالُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ الْكَافَّةِ  

[Machine] It was narrated from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said, "So he mentioned the hadith in which he mentioned what I saw of women who are lacking in intellect and religion is widespread among you." She said, "O Messenger of Allah, what is the deficiency in intellect and religion?" He said, "As for the deficiency in intellect, the testimony of two women is equal to the testimony of one man, and this is the deficiency in intellect. And the nights that a woman does not pray or fast in Ramadan, this is the deficiency in religion."  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَفِيهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ نَاقِصَاتِ عَقْلٍ وَدِينٍ أَغْلَبَ لِذِي اللُّبِ مِنْكُنَّ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَمَا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ وَالدِّينِ؟ قَالَ أَمَّا نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ فَشَهَادَةُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَعْدِلُ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ فَذَلِكَ نُقْصَانُ الْعَقْلِ وَتَمْكُثُ اللَّيَالِيَ مَا تُصَلِّي وَتُفْطِرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَهَذَا نُقْصَانُ الدِّينِ  

[Machine] "It is not permissible except for four women in Istihlal."  

لَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا أَرْبَعُ نِسْوَةٍ فِي الِاسْتِهْلَالِ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ approved the testimony of the midwife, Muhammad bin Abdul Malik, whom Al-A'mash did not hear of, there was an unknown man between them. Abu Bakr bin Al-Harith Al-Faqih informed us, Abu Al-Hasan Ali bin Omar Al-Hafiz informed us, Omar bin Al-Hasan informed us, Ismail bin Al-Fadl and Muhammad bin Bishr bin Matar said, Wahb bin Baqiyah narrated to us, Muhammad bin Abdul Malik narrated to us, from Abu Abdul Rahman Al-Madaini, from Al-A'mash, who mentioned it in similar words. Abu Al-Hasan Ad-Daraqutni, Abu Abdul Rahman Al-Madaini, is an unknown man.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ الْقَابِلَةِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ الْأَعْمَشِ بَيْنَهُمَا رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ 20543 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرِ بْنِ مَطَرٍ قَالَا ثنا وَهْبُ بْنُ بَقِيَّةَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ  

[Machine] About Ali, we were not confident in him, but in his chain of narration there is a flaw. Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "If it were proven from Ali, we would have relied on him, if Allah wills. However, he is not proven among you or among us from him."  

عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ لَقُلْنَا بِهِ وَلَكِنْ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ خَلَلٌ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ صِرْنَا إِلَيْهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ وَلَكِنَّهُ لَا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَكُمْ وَلَا عِنْدَنَا عَنْهُ  

[Machine] Father of Bakra, repent and your testimony will be accepted. Or if you repent, your testimony will be accepted. Sufyan said that Az-Zuhri is the one who informed him, and I memorized it and then forgot it and doubted it. When we stood up, I asked the one who was present, and 'Umar ibn Qays said to me, 'He is Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib'. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'So I said to him, "Did you doubt what he said to you?" He said, "No, it is Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib, without doubt."' Al-Shafi'i said, 'I have often heard him narrate, and he calls him Sa'id and I have often heard him say about Sa'id, "If Allah wills."  

لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ تُبْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُكَ أَوْ إِنْ تُبْتَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُكَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ سَمَّى الزُّهْرِيُّ الَّذِي أَخْبَرَهُ فَحَفِظْتُهُ ثُمَّ نَسِيتُهُ وَشَكَكْتُ فِيهِ فَلَمَّا قُمْنَا سَأَلْتُ مَنْ حَضَرَ فَقَالَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَهَلْ شَكَكْتَ فِيمَا قَالَ لَكَ؟ قَالَ لَا هُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ غَيْرَ شَكٍّ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَكَثِيرًا مَا سَمِعْتُهُ يُحَدِّثُهُ فَيُسَمِّي سَعِيدًا وَكَثِيرًا مَا سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ وَقَدْ  

[Machine] "Repent, your testimony is accepted."  

تُبْ تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُكَ  

[Machine] To Abu Bakrah, Shibl, and Naafi, whoever among you repents, his testimony will be accepted. Al-Ozaaiyy narrated it from Al-Zuhri, from Ibn Al-Musayyib, that Umar sought repentance from Abu Bakrah. The Shaykh narrated it, and Abdul Razzaq narrated it from Muhammad bin Muslim, from Ibrahim bin Maisarah, from Ibn Al-Musayyib, that Umar said to those who testified against Al-Mughira, "Repent and your testimony will be accepted." He said, "Two of them repented, but Abu Bakrah refused to repent." He said, "And Umar's testimony was not accepted."  

لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ وَشِبْلٍ وَنَافِعٍ مَنْ تَابَ مِنْكُمْ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ وَرَوَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ اسْتَتَابَ أَبَا بَكْرَةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ لِلَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا عَلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ ؓ تُوبُوا تُقْبَلْ شَهَادَتُكُمْ قَالَ فَتَابَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَانِ وَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرَةَ أَنْ يَتُوبَ قَالَ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَا يَقْبَلُ شَهَادَتَهُ  

[Machine] I bear witness that Muslims have wronged me and if this is true, it is because he refused to repent for his accusations and persisted in them. If he had repented, they would not have classified him as a sinner. Allah knows best. Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I have heard from Ibn Abbas that he allowed the testimony of the accuser if he repented.  

أَشْهِدْ غَيْرِي فَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَدْ فَسَّقُونِي وَهَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ فَلِأَنَّهُ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ أَنْ يَتُوبَ مِنْ قَذْفِهِ وَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ قَدْ تَابَ مِنْهُ لَمَا أَلْزَمُوهُ اسْمَ الْفِسْقِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَبَلَغَنِي عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ الْقَاذِفِ إِذَا تَابَ  

[Machine] In His saying, {and never accept their testimony}, {except for those who repent}, {and those are the defiantly disobedient} [An-Nur 4] Then He said, meaning {unless they repent} [Al-Baqarah 160] So, whoever repents and reforms, his testimony will be accepted in the Book of Allah.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {وَلَا تَقْبَلُوا لَهُمْ شَهَادَةً أَبَدًا وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ} [النور 4] ثُمَّ قَالَ يَعْنِي {إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا} [البقرة 160] فَمَنْ تَابَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَشَهَادَتُهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ تُقْبَلُ  

[Machine] In the launcher, when he repented, he said, "His testimony is accepted." And they all said it, Atta, Tawus, and Mujahid.  

فِي الْقَاذِفِ إِذَا تَابَ قَالَ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُ وَقَالَ كُلُّنَا يَقُولُهُ عَطَاءٌ وَطَاوُسٌ وَمُجَاهِدٌ  

[Machine] About Ata bin Yasar, Tawus, and Mujahid, they said about the defector: "If he repents, his testimony will be accepted."  

عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَطَاوُسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا فِي الْقَاذِفِ إِنْ تَابَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ  

[Machine] Allah accepts his repentance and I return his testimony.  

يَقْبَلُ اللهُ تَوْبَتَهُ وَأَرُدُّ شَهَادَتَهُ؟  

[Machine] God accepts his repentance, but you do not accept his testimony?  

يَقْبَلُ اللهُ تَوْبَتَهُ وَلَا تَقْبَلُونَ شَهَادَتَهُ؟  

[Machine] "He used to say about the stone-thrower that when he finished throwing, he would deny himself and take back his statement, his testimony would be accepted. He said: Sa'id informed us, Sufyan narrated to us, from Mus'ar, from a man, from Abdullah ibn 'Utbah, he said: When he repented, his testimony would be accepted. He said: Sa'id informed us, Hushaym narrated to us, Jawaybir informed us, from Al-Dhahhak, that he used to say: When he repented, his testimony would be accepted."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي الْقَاذِفِ إِذَا فُرِغَ مِنْ ضَرْبِهِ فَأَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ وَرَجَعَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ إِذَا تَابَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ ثنا هُشَيْمٌ أنبأ جُوَيْبِرٌ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا تَابَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ  

[Machine] I saw a man being punished for slander. And when he finished his punishment, he made sincere repentance and said, "I seek forgiveness from Allah and repent to Him for slandering chaste women." I met Abu Al-Zinad and informed him about this, and he told me that according to our rules, if someone retracts their statement and seeks forgiveness from their Lord, their testimony is accepted. The Sheikh said that Abu Mu'awiya and Yahya ibn Sa'id narrated from Mis'ar from Imran ibn Umayr from Abdullah ibn Uthbah regarding the testimony of the accuser.  

رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا جُلِدَ حَدًّا فِي قَذْفٍ بِالرِّيبَةِ فَلَمَّا فُرِغَ مِنْ ضَرْبِهِ أَحْدَثَ تَوْبَةً قَالَ أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ قَذْفِ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا الزِّنَادِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا إِذَا رَجَعَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ وَاسْتَغْفَرَ رَبَّهُ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَرَوَى أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَوْلَهُ فِي شَهَادَةِ الْقَاذِفِ  

[Machine] About a man who was whipped, is his testimony permissible? They said, yes, if repentance is shown from him. And from Ibn Shihab, that he was asked about a man, if he is whipped (as punishment), is his testimony permissible? He said, yes, if repentance is shown from him. Malik said, and that is the matter with us. Allah the Almighty said, "Except for those who repent after that and correct themselves. For indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." [Al Imran 89]. So, if the one who is whipped repents and corrects himself, his testimony is allowed.  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ جُلِدَ هَلْ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ؟ فَقَالَا نَعَمْ إِذَا ظَهَرَتْ مِنْهُ التَّوْبَةُ وَعَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ إِذَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ هَلْ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا ظَهَرَتْ مِنْهُ التَّوْبَةُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ عِنْدَنَا قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى {إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا مِنْ بَعْدِ ذَلِكَ وَأَصْلَحُوا فَإِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [آل عمران 89] فَإِذَا تَابَ الَّذِي يُجْلَدُ الْحَدَّ وَأَصْلَحَ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ  

[Machine] When the people of falsehood said to her what they said, Allah cleared her of it. So the Prophet ﷺ mentioned the incident in detail, and in it, she said she testified meaning the Prophet ﷺ , then he said: "O Aisha, after that, it has reached me about you such and such. If you are innocent, then Allah will clear you, and if you have committed a sin, then seek Allah's forgiveness and repent to Him, for when a servant acknowledges his sin and repents, Allah accepts his repentance." And he mentioned the incident of the revelation of the verses in her vindication.  

حِينَ قَالَ لَهَا أَهْلُ الْإِفْكِ مَا قَالُوا فَبَرَّأَهَا اللهُ مِنْهُ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ وَفِيهِ قَالَتْ فَتَشَهَّدَ تَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ يَا عَائِشَةُ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَإِنْ كُنْتِ بَرِيئَةً فَسَيُبَرِّئُكِ اللهُ وَإِنْ كُنْتِ أَلْمَمْتِ بِالذَّنْبِ فَاسْتَغْفِرِي اللهَ وَتُوبِي إِلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا اعْتَرَفَ بِذَنَبِهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي نُزُولِ الْآيَاتِ فِي بَرَاءَتِهَا  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "Regret is repentance?" He said, "Yes."  

سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] Did you hear it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ? He replied, "Yes, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'Regret is repentance.'"  

لَهُ أَبِي أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ  

[Machine] He said, "Regret is repentance, and the one who repents is like someone who has no sins."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ وَالتَّائِبُ كَمَنْ لَا ذَنْبَ لَهُ كَذَا  

[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ who said, "The one who repents from a sin is like the one who has no sin." He (the Prophet) said this while he was doubtful. And the narration is from Abdul Kareem from Ziyad bin Abi Maryam from Abdullah bin Maqil from Abdullah bin Masood, as mentioned previously. And Allah knows best. This narration has also been reported with weak chains of transmission, and what we have mentioned is sufficient.  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ التَّائِبُ مِنَ الذَّنْبِ كَمَنْ لَا ذَنْبَ لَهُ كَذَا قَالَ وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ وَالْحَدِيثُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَعْقِلٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ ضَعِيفَةٍ بِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ كِفَايَةٌ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The one who repents from sin is like one who did not sin." (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 4250)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ التَّائِبُ مِنَ الذَّنْبِ كَمَنْ لَا ذَنْبَ لَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The one who repents from a sin is like the one who has no sin. This narration has a weak chain of narrators, and it is also narrated from another weak source, from Abu Sa'dah Al Ansari, from the Prophet ﷺ.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ التَّائِبُ مِنَ الذَّنْبِ كَمَنْ لَا ذَنْبَ لَهُ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَعْدَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said: "Everything that the son of Adam utters is written against him, so if he commits a sin and wants to repent to Allah, let him find a high place and raise his hands to Allah and say: 'I repent to You from this sin and I will never return to it again.' For indeed, Allah will forgive him as long as he does not return to that sin in his actions."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ ابْنُ آدَمَ فَإِنَّهُ مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا أَخْطَأَ الْخَطِيئَةَ وَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَتُوبَ إِلَى اللهِ ﷻ فَلْيَأْتِ بُقْعَةً رَفِيعَةً فَلْيَمُدَّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى اللهِ ﷻ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ إِنِّي أَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْهَا لَا أَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهَا أَبَدًا فَإِنَّهُ يَغْفِرُ لَهُ مَا لَمْ يَرْجِعْ فِي عَمَلِهِ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] He is the man who commits sin and then does not return to it.  

هُوَ الرَّجُلُ يَعْمَلُ الذَّنْبَ ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ  

[Machine] Abdullah said regarding the saying of Allah, "O you who have believed, repent to Allah with sincere repentance." [At-Tahrim 8] He said, "Repent from the sin and then do not return to it." Israel followed this from Abu Ishaq.  

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا تُوبُوا إِلَى اللهِ تَوْبَةً نَصُوحًا} [التحريم 8] قَالَ يَتُوبُ مِنَ الذَّنْبِ ثُمَّ لَا يَعُودُ تَابَعَهُ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ