[Machine] 'Umar wrote to Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, "Verily, judgment is a mandatory duty and a followed Sunnah, so understand when it is presented to you. Speaking the truth without any effect does not benefit you, so avoid showing displeasure to people in your face, gatherings, and judgments, so that neither a noble person desires a disgrace from you, nor a weak person loses hope in your clear justice. Proof is required for one who claims, and an oath is required for one who denies, and reconciliation is permissible between Muslims except for reconciling what is forbidden or forbidding what is permissible. And whoever claims a hidden right or provides evidence, then give him the amount he claims. If he fails to produce evidence, then punish him for the time necessary for him to bring it forth. If he comes with proof, give him his due. If he is unable to produce evidence, then you have the right to pass judgment in his absence and this is the fairest excuse and the most just for the blind. This should not prevent you from executing a judicial decision you made today just because you doubted and were guided by another opinion. Review what is presented to you that is not in the Qur'an or Sunnah, then assess the matter at that point and learn proverbs and analogies. Then turn to Allah in what you see and what resembles it in truth. Beware of anger, anxiety, boredom, annoying people during disputes, and pretending. For God rewards him who executes judgment in the rightful places, and enriches him with it. Whoever intends solely for the sake of God, even if it is against his own self, God will suffice for him in what is between him and people. And whoever pretends to have what is not in his heart, God will disgrace him. Indeed, God, glorified and exalted be He, accepts only what is done sincerely for Him. And what do you think of a reward other than Allah's in his immediate provisions and the treasures of His mercy?"
عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ؓ إِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فَرِيضَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ وَسُنَّةٌ مُتَّبَعَةٌ فَافْهَمْ إِذَا أُدْلِيَ إِلَيْكَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَنْفَعُ تَكَلُّمُ حَقٍّ لَا نَفَاذَ لَهُ وَآسِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِي وَجْهِكَ وَمَجْلِسِكَ وَقَضَائِكَ حَتَّى لَا يَطْمَعَ شَرِيفٌ فِي حَيْفِكَ وَلَا يَيْأَسَ ضَعِيفٌ مِنْ عَدْلِكَ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ وَالصُّلْحُ جَائِزٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا صُلْحًا أَحَلَّ حَرَامًا أَوْ حَرَّمَ حَلَالًا وَمَنِ ادَّعَى حَقًّا غَائِبًا أَوْ بَيِّنَةً فَاضْرِبْ لَهُ أَمَدًا يَنْتَهِي إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ جَاءَ بِبَيِّنَةٍ أَعْطَيْتَهُ بِحَقِّهِ فَإِنْ أَعْجَزَهُ ذَلِكَ اسْتَحْلَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضِيَّةَ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَبْلَغُ فِي الْعُذْرِ وَأَجْلَى لِلْعَمَى وَلَا يَمْنَعْكَ مِنْ قَضَاءٍ قَضَيْتَهُ الْيَوْمَ فَرَاجَعْتَ فِيهِ لِرَأْيِكَ وَهُدِيتَ فِيهِ لِرُشْدِكَ أَنْ تُرَاجِعَ الْحَقَّ لِأَنَّ الْحَقَّ قَدِيمٌ لَا يُبْطِلُ الْحَقَّ شَيْءٌ وَمُرَاجَعَةُ الْحَقِّ خَيْرٌ مِنَ التَّمَادِي فِي الْبَاطِلِ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ عُدُولٌ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الشَّهَادَةِ إِلَّا مَجْلُودٌ فِي حَدٍّ أَوْ مُجَرَّبٌ عَلَيْهِ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ أَوْ ظَنِينٌ فِي وَلَاءٍ أَوْ قَرَابَةٍ فَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ تَوَلَّى مِنَ الْعِبَادِ السِّرَائِرَ وَسَتَرَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُدُودَ إِلَّا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالْأَيْمَانِ ثُمَّ الْفَهْمَ الْفَهْمَ فِيمَا أُدْلِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا لَيْسَ فِي قُرْآنٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ ثُمَّ قَايِسِ الْأُمُورَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَاعْرِفِ الْأَمْثَالَ وَالْأَشْبَاهَ ثُمَّ اعْمِدْ إِلَى أَحَبِّهَا إِلَى اللهِ فِيمَا تَرَى وَأَشْبَهِهَا بِالْحَقِّ وَإِيَّاكَ وَالْغَضَبَ وَالْقَلَقَ وَالضَّجَرَ وَالتَّأَذِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ عِنْدَ الْخُصُومَةِ وَالتَّنَكُّرَ فَإِنَّ الْقَضَاءَ فِي مَوَاطِنِ الْحَقِّ يُوجِبُ اللهُ لَهُ الْأَجْرَ وَيُحْسِنُ بِهِ الذُّخْرَ فَمَنْ خَلُصَتْ نِيَّتُهُ فِي الْحَقِّ وَلَوْ كَانَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ كَفَاهُ اللهُ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَمَنْ تَزَيَّنَ لَهُمْ بِمَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ شَانَهُ اللهُ فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَا يَقْبَلُ مِنَ الْعِبَادَةِ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ لَهُ خَالِصًا وَمَا ظَنُّكَ بِثَوَابِ غَيْرِ اللهِ فِي عَاجِلِ رِزْقِهِ وَخَزَائِنِ رَحْمَتِهِ؟