Mus’ab bin Sa’d reported on the authority of his father (Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas) “I brought a sword to the Prophet ﷺ on the day of the Badr and I said (to him) Apostle of Allaah ﷺ , Allaah has healed up my breast from the enemy today, so give me this sword. He said “This sword is neither mine nor yours. I then went away saying “today this will be given to a man who has not been put to trial like me. Meanwhile a messenger and came to me and said “Respond, I thought something was revealed about me owing to my speech. I came and the Prophet ﷺ said to me “You asked me for this sword, but this was neither mine nor yours. Now Allaah has given it to me, hence it is yours. He then recited “they ask thee concerning (things taken as) spoils of war. Say “(Such) spoils are at the disposal of Allaah and the Apostle. Abu Dawud said “According to the reading of the Qur’an of Ibn Mas’ud the verse goes. They ask thee concerning (things taken as ) spoils of war. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2740)  

جِئْتُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بِسَيْفٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ شَفَا صَدْرِي الْيَوْمَ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ فَهَبْ لِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ فَقَالَ «إِنَّ هَذَا السَّيْفَ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ» فَذَهَبْتُ وَأَنَا أَقُولُ يُعْطِي الْيَوْمَ مَنْ لَمْ يُبْلِ بَلَائِي فَبَيْنَمَا أَنَا إِذْ جَاءَنِي الرَّسُولُ فَقَالَ أَجِبْ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ نَزَلَ فِيَّ شَيْءٌ لِكَلَامِي فَجِئْتُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «إِنَّكَ سَأَلْتَنِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ وَلَيْسَ هُوَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ وَإِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ لِي وَهُوَ لَكَ» ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever goes to such and such a place or does such and such a thing, then he will have such and such (reward or consequence)." So the young men hurried to him and the elders stood under the banners. When Allah granted them victory, the young men came seeking what had been assigned to them. The elders said, "Do not take it away from us, for we were only a support for you." So Allah revealed, "So fear Allah and amend that which is between yourselves" [Surah Al-Anfal, verse 1].  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ أَتَى مَكَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَوْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا» فَسَارَعَ إِلَيْهِ الشُّبَّانُ وَثَبَتَ الشِّيُوخُ تَحْتَ الرَّايَاتِ فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ لَهُمْ جَاءَ الشَّبَابُ يَطْلُبُونَ مَا جُعِلَ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ الْأَشْيَاخُ لَا تَذْهَبُوا بِهِ دُونَنَا فَإِنَّمَا كُنَّا رِدْءًا لَكُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1]  

[Machine] "I lifted my head on the day of Uhud, and I found that I did not see anyone from the people except that they were leaning under their shields due to sleepiness."  

«رَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَجَعَلْتُ لَا أَرَى أَحَدًا مِنَ الْقَوْمِ إِلَّا تَحْتَ حَجَفَتِهِ يَمِيلُ مِنَ النُّعَاسِ»  

[Machine] "I was one of those whom fatigue overcame as a trust on the day of Uhud, to the extent that my sword fell from my hand repeatedly."  

«كُنْتُ مِمَّنْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ النُّعَاسُ أَمَنَةً يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ حَتَّى سَقَطَ سَيْفِي مِنْ يَدِي مِرَارًا»  

[Machine] I said, "Indeed, we are a people who are not firm in confronting our enemy, and we do not know who the group is." The group said to me, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is the group." So I said, "Indeed, Allah says in His book, 'O you who have believed, when you meet those who disbelieve advancing [for battle], do not turn to them your backs [in flight]' [Surah Al-Anfal, verse 15]." He said, "This verse was revealed specifically for the people of Badr, not before it or after it."  

قُلْتُ إِنَّا قَوْمٌ لَا نَثْبُتُ عِنْدَ قِتَالِ عَدُوِّنَا وَلَا نَدْرِي مَنِ الْفِئَةُ؟ قَالَ لِي الْفِئَةُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا زَحْفًا فَلَا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الْأَدْبَارَ} [الأنفال 15] قَالَ إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ لِأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ لَا لِقَبْلِهَا وَلَا لِبَعْدِهَا  

[Machine] When the people met, O God, who among us was most cutting to their kin and came to that which we do not know, so open tomorrow, and that was his opening, so God revealed, "If you ask for victory, surely the victory has come to you." [Al-Anfal 19]  

حِينَ الْتَقَى الْقَوْمُ اللهُمَّ أَيُّنَا كَانَ أَقْطَعَ لِلرَّحِمِ وَآتَى لِمَا لَا نَعْرِفُ فَافْتَحِ الْغَدَ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ اسْتِفْتَاحَهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ {إِنْ تَسْتَفْتِحُوا فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الْفَتْحُ} [الأنفال 19]  

Allah sent (the Prophet) Muhammad and said:-- 'Say, No wage do I ask of you for this (Qur'an) nor am I one of the pretenders (i.e. a person who pretends things which do not exist). (38.68) When Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw Quraish standing against him, he said, "O Allah! Help me against them by afflicting them with seven years of famine similar to the seven years (of famine) of Joseph. So they were afflicted with a year of drought that destroyed everything, and they ate bones and hides. (One of them said), "And they ate hides and dead animals, and (it seemed to them that) something like smoke was coming out of the earth. So Abu Sufyan came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Muhammad! Your people are on the verge of destruction! Please invoke Allah to relieve them." So the Prophet ﷺ invoked Allah for them (and the famine disappeared). He said to them. "You will revert (to heathenism) after that." ʿAbdullah then recited: 'Then watch you for the Day that the sky will bring forth a kind of smoke plainly visible.......but truly you will revert (to disbelief).' He added, "Will the punishment be removed from them in the Hereafter? The smoke and the grasp and the Al-Lizam have all passed." One of the sub-narrater said, "The splitting of the moon." And another said, "The defeat of the Romans (has passed). (Using translation from Bukhārī 4824)   

قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا رَأَى قُرَيْشًا قَدِ اسْتَعْصَوْا قَالَ «اللهُمَّ أَعِنِّي بِسَبْعٍ كَسَبْعِ يُوسُفَ» فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ السَّنَةُ حَتَّى حَصَّتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى أَكَلُوا الْجُلُودَ وَجَعَلَ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ كَهَيْئَةِ الدُّخَانِ فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فَقَالَ أَيْ مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ هَلَكُوا فَادْعُ اللهَ أَنْ يَكْشِفَ عَنْهُمْ فَدَعَا وَقَالَ إِنْ يَعُودُوا نَعُدْ هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورٍ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُبِينٍ} [الدخان 10] قَالَ عَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ فَقَدْ مَضَى الدُّخَانُ وَالْبَطْشَةُ وَاللِّزَامُ وَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْقَمَرُ وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ وَالرُّومُ  

[Machine] "She descended upon the people of Badr."  

نَزَلَتْ فِي أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ  

[Machine] "On the day of Badr, the following verse was revealed: 'And whoever turns his back to them on that day...' [Quran, 8:16]"  

عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أُنْزِلَتْ فِي يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ {وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ} [الأنفال 16]  

that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to Ubayy bin Ka'b, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Ubayy!" And he was performing Salat, so Ubayy turned around but he did not respond to him, so Ubayy finished his Salat quickly. Then he turned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: 'As-Salamu 'Alaikum, O Messenger of Allah!' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Wa 'Alaikum As-Salam - what prevented you from responding to me when I called you Ubayy?' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah! I was performing Salat.' So he said: 'Do you not find among what Allah revealed to me: Respond to Allah and to the Messenger when they call you to what gives you life?' He said: 'Of course, I shall not repeat that, if Allah wills.' He said: 'Would you like for me to teach you a Surah the likes of which has neither been revealed in the Tawrah, nor the Injil, nor the Zabur, nor in the entire Qur'an?' He said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah!' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'What do you recite in your Salat?' He said: 'I recite Umm Al-Qur'an.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! The like of it has neither been revealed in the Tawrah, nor the Injil nor the Zabur, nor in the Furqan. It is the seven oft-repeated, and the Magnificent Qur'an which I was given.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2875)   

خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِيهِ أُبَيُّ» فَالْتَفَتَ أُبَيٌّ وَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّى أُبَيٌّ فَخَفَّفَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ «وَيْحَكَ مَا مَنَعَكَ أُبَيُّ أَنْ دَعَوْتُكَ أَنْ لَا تُجِيبَنِي؟» قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كُنْتُ فِي صَلَاةٍ قَالَ فَلَيْسَ تَجِدُ فِيمَا أَوْحَى اللهُ إِلَيَّ أَنِ {اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ} [الأنفال 24] قَالَ بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَا أَعُودُ وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «أَتُحِبُّ أَنْ أُعَلِّمَكَ سُورَةً لَمْ يَنْزِلْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَلَا فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ وَلَا فِي الزَّبُورِ وَلَا فِي الْفُرْقَانِ مَثَلُهَا؟» قَالَ نَعَمْ أَيْ رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَلَّا تَخْرُجَ مِنْ هَذَا الْبَابِ حَتَّى تَعْلَمَهَا» أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِيَدِي يُحَدِّثُنِي وَأَنَا أَتَبَاطَأُ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ تَبْلُغَ الْبَابَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْقَضِيَ الْحَدِيثُ فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنَ الْبَابِ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا السُّورَةُ الَّتِي وَعَدْتَنِي؟ قَالَ «كَيْفَ تَقْرَأُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ؟» فَقَرَأْتُ عَلَيْهِ أُمَّ الْقُرْآنِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا أُنْزِلَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَلَا فِي الْإِنْجِيلِ وَلَا فِي الزَّبُورِ وَلَا فِي الْفُرْقَانِ مَثَلُهَا إِنَّهَا السَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ الَّذِي أُعْطِيْتُ»  

[Machine] When this verse was revealed [And fear a trial which will not strike those who have wronged among you exclusively] [Al-Anfal: 25], the Prophet ﷺ said, "And we are present on that day." I was amazed by this verse, what kind of trial is this? Until we saw it.  

لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَاتَّقُوا فِتْنَةً لَا تُصِيبَنَّ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا مِنْكُمْ خَاصَّةً} [الأنفال 25] الْآيَةَ قَالَ وَنَحْنُ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُتَوَافِرُونَ قَالَ فَجَعَلْتُ أَتَعْجَبُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَيُّ فِتْنَةٍ تُصِيبُنَا مَا هَذِهِ الْفِتْنَةُ؟ حَتَّى رَأَيْنَاهَا  

[Machine] "Do you know what is the tribulation? May your mother lose you! Muhammad ﷺ used to fight against the polytheists, and entering into battle with them was a tribulation. Your fighting is nothing but for the sake of power."  

«وَهَلْ تَدْرِي مَا الْفِتْنَةُ؟ ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ يُقَاتِلُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَكَانَ الدُّخُولُ فِيهِمْ فِتْنَةً وَلَيْسَ قِتَالُكُمْ إِلَّا عَلَى الْمُلْكِ»  

[Machine] The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, Allah has provided us with the spoils of war as a mercy, which He has showered upon us with blessings and relief, and He has lightened the burden upon us due to His knowledge of our weakness."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللهَ أَطْعَمَنَا الْغَنَائِمَ رَحْمَةً رَحِمَنَا بِهَا وَتَخْفِيفًا وَخَفَّفَ عَنَّا لِمَا عَلِمَ مِنْ ضَعْفِنَا»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The spoils of war were not lawful for any people before you who had black curly hair. When they would descend upon them, fire would consume them. But on the day of Badr, the people hastened in the spoils of war, so Allah sent down [the verse]: 'And indeed a book [i.e., decree] from Allah had come before [Badr] to prevent from a slaughtering of the believers. Until when you saw the spoils of war coming to you, you were greedy for them. And you remained with avarice for them.' [Al-Anfal: 68] until the end of the verse 'So consume what you have taken of war booty [as being] lawful and good.' [Al-Anfal: 69]  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِقَوْمٍ سُودِ الرُّءُوسِ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانَتْ تَنْزِلُ نَارٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَأْكُلُهَا فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ أَسْرَعَ النَّاسُ فِي الْغَنَائِمِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللهِ سَبَقَ} [الأنفال 68] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} [الأنفال 69]  

[Machine] "When this verse was revealed {If you should spend all that is in the earth, you could not cause the hearts to unite} [Al-Anfal 63], they said, 'They are the ones who love each other for the sake of Allah.'"  

لَمَّا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ} [الأنفال 63] قَالَ هُمُ الْمُتَحَابُّونَ فِي اللهِ  

[Machine] In his saying, exalted be He, "If there had been a Book from Allah [that] preceded, it would have touched you in what you took [as] a great punishment". [Al-Anfal 68]. He said, "Mercy from Allah preceded them before they committed the sin".  

فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى {لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [الأنفال 68] قَالَ «§سَبَقَتْ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللهِ الرَّحْمَةُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ»