54. Tafsīr (Exegesis)
٥٤۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to recite at the two 'Ids (festivals) and on Friday, "Glorify the name of your most high Lord." (87) and "Has the story of the overwhelming reached you?" (88) He said: When a festival ('Id) and a Friday coincided, he recited them both (at the two prayers). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1122)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْعِيدَيْنِ وَيَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ {سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى} [الأعلى 1] وَ {هَلْ أَتَاكَ حَدِيثُ الْغَاشِيَةِ} [الغاشية 1] وَرُبَّمَا اجْتَمَعَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَرَأَهُمَا
[Machine] The first among the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to visit us was Mus'ab bin 'Umair and Ibn Umm Maktum. Then 'Ammar, Saad, and Bilal visited us. Then 'Uthman came on the twentieth day. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived and the people of Madinah were not happy about anything as much as they were happy about the arrival of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . So, he did not settle until the verse "Exalt the name of your Lord, the Most High" (Surah Al-A'la, 87:1) was revealed. This is a verse from the Mufassal Surahs. Abu 'Abdur-Rahman As-Sawab said: "It is not 'Uthman, it is 'Umar."
كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ وَابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا عَمَّارٌ وَسَعْدٌ وَبِلَالٌ ثُمَّ قَدِمَ عُثْمَانُ فِي عِشْرِينَ ثُمَّ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَا رَأَيْنَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَرِحُوا بِشَيْءٍ فَرَحَهُمْ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَا قَدِمَ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ {سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى} [الأعلى 1] وَسُورَةٌ مِنَ الْمُفَصَّلِ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الصَّوَابُ عُمَرُ لَيْسَ هُوَ عُثْمَانَ
“Mu’adh bin Jabal Al-Ansari led his companions in the ‘Isha’ prayer and he made it long. A man among us went away and prayed by himself. Mu’adh was told about that and he said: ‘He is a hypocrite.’ When the man heard about that, he went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him what Mu’adh had said to him. The Prophet ﷺ said: ‘Do you want to be a cause of Fitnah (trial, tribulation), O Mu’adh? When you lead the people in prayer, recite “By the sun and its brightness,”[Ash-Shams 91] and “Glorify the Name of your Lord the Most High,” [Al-A’la 87] and “By the night as it envelopes,” [Al-Lail 92] and “Recite in the Name of your Lord.’”[Al-‘Alaq] (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 986)
إِنَّهُ مُنَافِقٌ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ دَخَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ مَا قَالَ مُعَاذٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ فَتَّانًا يَا مُعَاذُ إِذَا أَمَمْتَ بِالنَّاسِ فَاقْرَأْ بِوالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا وَسَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى وَاقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى
[Machine] All of it is in the scriptures of Ibrahim and Musa, so when the verse "And [mention] Ibrahim, who fulfilled [his obligations]" [An-Najm 37] was revealed, he said "fulfilled". "No bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another" [An-Najm 38].
كُلَّهَا فِي صُحُفِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ {وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى} [النجم 37] قَالَ وَفَّى {أَلَّا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى} [النجم 38]