54. Tafsīr (Exegesis)
٥٤۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {لَقَدْ كَانَ فِي يُوسُفَ وَإِخْوَتِهِ} [يوسف: 7]
The people said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Who is the most honorable amongst the people (in Allah's Sight)?" He said, "The most righteous amongst them." They said, "We do not ask you, about this. " He said, "Then Joseph, Allah's Prophet, the son of Allah's Prophet, The son of Allah's Prophet the son of Allah's Khalil (i.e. Abraham)." They said, "We do not want to ask about this," He said' "Then you want to ask about the descent of the Arabs. Those who were the best in the pre-lslamic period of ignorance will be the best in Islam provided they comprehend the religious knowledge." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3353)
قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَنْ أَكْرَمُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ «أَتْقَاهُمْ» قَالُوا لَيْسَ عَنْ هَذَا نَسْأَلُكَ قَالَ «يُوسُفُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ابْنُ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ابْنِ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ابْنِ خَلِيلِ اللهِ» قَالُوا لَيْسَ عَنْ هَذَا نَسْأَلُكَ قَالَ «فَعَنْ مَعَادِنِ الْعَرَبِ تَسْأَلُونِي فَإِنَّ خِيَارَهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ خِيَارُهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِذَا فَقِهُوا» قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ خَالَفَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ [132] 11186 أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ مِثْلَهُ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ} [يوسف: 18]
[Machine] Narrated Aisha, the wife of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , when the people of falsehood made their claims, and Allah cleared her of them. She said, "All of them narrated to me from her hadith, and some of them were more attentive to her hadith than others and were able to maintain it. And I have memorized every man's narration about her. Some of their narrations confirm each other, although some of them were more attentive than others. She said, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered and greeted, then he sat down and recited the tashahhud when he sat down. Then he said, 'O Aisha, such and such has reached me about you. If you are innocent, then Allah will declare you innocent, and if you have committed a sin, then seek forgiveness from Allah and turn to Him, for when a servant confesses to his sin and repents, Allah accepts his repentance.'" So I said to my father, "Should I answer the Messenger of Allah ﷺ regarding what he said?" He said, "By Allah, I do not know what to say to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." So I said to my mother, "Should I answer the Messenger of Allah ﷺ regarding what he said?" She said, "By Allah, I do not know what to say to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." So I said, "And I, a young girl, do not read the Quran much. By Allah, I certainly know, surely you have heard this narration until it has settled in your hearts and you have believed in it. So if I were to say to you that I am innocent, you would not believe me. But if I were to confess to you with something, and Allah knows that I am innocent, you would believe me. By Allah, I find no example for myself or for you except for the story of Yusuf (Joseph) when he said, 'Patience is beautiful and Allah is the one sought for help against what you describe' (Quran 12:18). By Allah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not intend to leave his place until Allah revealed, 'Verily, those who brought forth the slander (against Aisha) are a group among you' (Quran 24:11), all ten verses of it, to sum it up."
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ قَالَ أَهْلُ الْإِفْكِ مَا قَالُوا فَبَرَّأَهَا اللهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ وَكُلُّهُمْ حَدَّثَنِي طَائِفَةً مِنْ حَدِيثِهَا وَبَعْضُهُمْ كَانَ أَوْعَى لِحَدِيثِهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَأَثْبَتَ لَهُ اقْتِصَاصًا وَقَدْ وَعَيْتُ عَنْ كُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمُ الْحَدِيثَ الَّذِي حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَبَعْضُ حَدِيثِهِمْ يُصَدِّقُ بَعْضًا وَإِنْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْعَى لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ قَالَتْ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ فَتَشَهَّدَ حِينَ جَلَسَ ثُمَّ قَالَ «أَمَّا بَعْدُ يَا عَائِشَةُ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَإِنْ كُنْتِ بَرِيئَةً فَسَيُبَرِّئُكِ اللهُ وَإِنْ كُنْتِ أَلْمَمْتِ بِذَنْبٍ فَاسْتَغْفِرِي اللهَ وَتُوبِي إِلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا اعْتَرَفَ بِذَنْبِهِ ثُمَّ تَابَ تَابَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ» فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي أَجِبْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِيمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ مَا أَدْرِي مَا أَقُولُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ لِأُمِّي أَجِيبِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِيمَا قَالَ قَالَتْ وَاللهِ مَا أَدْرِي مَا أَقُولُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ [133] فَقُلْتُ وَأَنَا جَارِيَةٌ حَدِيثَةُ السِّنِّ لَا أَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ كَثِيرًا إِنِّي وَاللهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُمْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ حَتَّى اسْتَقَرَّ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ وَصَدَّقْتُمْ بِهِ فَلَئِنْ قُلْتُ لَكُمْ إِنِّي بَرِيئَةٌ لَا تُصَدِّقُونِي وَلَئِنِ اعْتَرَفْتُ لَكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي مِنْهُ بَرِيئَةٌ لَتُصَدُّقُنَّنِي فَوَاللهِ مَا أَجِدُ لِي مَثَلًا وَلَا لَكُمْ إِلَّا أَبَا يُوسُفَ حِينَ قَالَ {فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ} [يوسف 18] فَوَاللهِ مَا رَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَجْلِسَهُ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمُ} الْعَشْرَ آيَاتٍ كُلَّهَا مُخْتَصَرٌ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ} [يوسف: 18]
the mother of the faithful believers: Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his last illness said, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer." I said, "If Abu Bakr stood in your place, he would not be able to make the people hear him owing to his weeping. So please order ʿUmar to lead the prayer." He said, "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer." I said to Hafsa, "Say to him, 'Abu Bakr is a softhearted man and if he stood in your place he would not be able to make the people hear him owing to his weeping. So order ʿUmar to lead the people in the prayer.' " Hafsa did so but Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Keep quiet. Verily you are the companions of (Prophet) Joseph. Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in the prayer." Hafsa said to me, "I never got any good from you." (Using translation from Bukhārī 716)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ لِلنَّاسِ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِذَا قَامَ فِي مَقَامِكَ لَمْ يُسْمِعِ النَّاسَ مِنَ الْبُكَاءِ فَمُرْ عُمَرَ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ قَالَ «مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ» قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ فَقُلْتُ لِحَفْصَةَ قُولِي لَهُ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِذَا قَامَ فِي مَقَامِكَ لَمْ يُسْمِعِ النَّاسَ مِنَ الْبُكَاءِ فَأْمُرْ عُمَرَ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ فَفَعَلَتْ حَفْصَةُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنَّكُنَّ لَأَنْتُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ لِلنَّاسِ» قَالَتْ حَفْصَةُ مَا كُنْتُ لِأُصِيبَ مِنْكِ خَيْرًا
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُ الرَّسُولُ} [يوسف: 50]
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We are more liable to be in doubt than Abraham when he said, 'My Lord! Show me how You give life to the dead." . He (i.e. Allah) slid: 'Don't you believe then?' He (i.e. Abraham) said: "Yes, but (I ask) in order to be stronger in Faith." (2.260) And may Allah send His Mercy on Lot! He wished to have a powerful support. If I were to stay in prison for such a long time as Joseph did I would have accepted the offer (of freedom without insisting on having my guiltless less declared). (Using translation from Bukhārī 3372)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ رَحِمَ اللهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالشَّكِّ مِنْهُ قَالَ {رَبِّ أَرِنِي كَيْفَ تُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى قَالَ أَوَلَمْ تُؤْمِنْ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنْ لِيَطْمَئِنَّ قَلْبِي} [البقرة 260] وَقَالَ «يَرْحَمُ اللهُ لُوطًا كَانَ يَأْوِي إِلَى رُكْنٍ شَدِيدٍ وَلَوْ لَبِثْتُ فِي السِّجْنِ مَا لَبِثَ يُوسُفَ ثُمَّ جَاءَنِي الدَّاعِي لَأَجَبْتُهُ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ مَا بَالُ النِّسْوَةِ اللَّاتِي قَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ} [يوسف: 50]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, the noble son of the noble son of the noble son of the noble son is Yusuf, the son of Ya'qub, the son of Ishaq, the son of Ibrahim, the friend of the Most Merciful." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If I stayed in prison as long as Yusuf stayed, and then the caller came to me, I would answer him. When the messenger came to him, he said, 'Go back to your master and ask him about the women who cut their hands.' " [Surah Yusuf, verse 50]
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ الْكَرِيمَ ابْنَ الْكَرِيمِ ابْنِ الْكَرِيمِ ابْنِ الْكَرِيمِ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلِ الرَّحْمَنِ» قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَوْ لَبِثْتُ فِي السِّجْنِ مَا لَبِثَ يُوسُفُ ثُمَّ جَاءَنِي الدَّاعِي لَأَجَبْتُهُ إِذْ {جَاءَهُ الرَّسُولُ قَالَ ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَبِّكَ فَاسْأَلْهُ مَا بَالُ النِّسْوَةِ اللَّاتِي قَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ} [يوسف 50]
54.12.5 Subsection
٥٤۔١٢۔٥ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَيْأَسَ الرُّسُلُ} [يوسف: 110]
[Machine] Muhammad ﷺ was not promised anything by Allah except that He knew it would happen, even until he died. And indeed, the messengers continued to face difficulties until they thought that the believers with them had indeed rejected them. Ibn Abi Mulaykah said in the narration of 'Urwah, and Aisha used to recite it (they thought they had been lied to) with emphasis.
مَا وَعَدَ اللهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا وَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ حَتَّى مَاتَ وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ تَزَلِ الْبَلَايَا بِالرُّسُلِ حَتَّى ظَنُّوا أَنَّ مَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ كَذَبُوهُمْ قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ فِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تَقْرَؤُهَا (ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كُذِّبُوا) مُثَقَّلَةً
[Machine] The son of Abi Mulaykah and Talha ibn Abbas, until the Messenger and those who believed with him said, "When will the help of Allah come?" [Al-Baqarah 214] Ibn Abi Mulaykah said, "So I mentioned it to Urwah ibn Zubayr." He said, "Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, swore by Allah that Allah the Most High did not inform His Messenger of anything except that he knew it would happen before he dies. But calamities befell the prophets until they feared that those who were with them from the believers had denied them. And she used to recite, "They denied" [Al-Imran 11], heavily."
ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ وَتَلَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ {حَتَّى يَقُولَ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ مَتَى نَصْرُ اللهِ أَلَا إِنَّ نَصْرَ اللهِ قَرِيبٌ} [البقرة 214] قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ فَذَكَرْتُ لِعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ مَعَاذَ اللهِ وَاللهِ مَا حَدَّثَ اللهُ تَعَالَى رَسُولَهُ ﷺ شَيْئًا إِلَّا عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ وَلَكِنْ نَزَلَ بِالْأَنْبِيَاءِ الْبَلَاءُ حَتَّى خَافُوا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ كَذَّبُوهُمْ وَكَانَتْ تَقْرَأُ {كُذِّبُوا} [آل عمران 11] مُثْقَلَةً
[Machine] He read, "Until the messengers lost hope and thought that they were being lied to" [Joseph 110]. Lightly, he said, "When the messengers lose faith in their people and their people believe that the messengers are lying to them".
أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ {حَتَّى إِذَا اسْتَيْأَسَ الرُّسُلُ وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كُذِبُوا} [يوسف 110] خَفِيفَةً قَالَ «إِذَا اسْتَيْأَسَ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ إِيمَانِ قَوْمِهِمْ وَظَنَّ قَوْمُهُمْ أَنَّ الرُّسُلَ كَذَبُوهُمْ»