54. Tafsīr (Exegesis)
٥٤۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
[Machine] In His saying, "The heart did not lie about what it saw" [Quran 53:11], it is said that "he saw Gabriel, ﷺ , in a robe of fluttering light that filled everything between the heavens and the earth."
فِي قَوْلِهِ {§مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى} [النجم 11] قَالَ «رَأَى جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي حُلَّةٍ مِنْ رَفْرَفٍ قَدْ مَلَأَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ»
I was resting at (the house of) 'A'isha that she said: O Abu 'A'isha (kunya of Masruq), there are three things, and he who affirmed even one of them fabricated the greatest lie against Allah. I asked that they were. She said: He who presumed that Muhammad ﷺ saw his Lord (with his ocular vision) fabricated the greatest lie against Allah. I was reclining but then sat up and said: Mother of the Faithful, wait a bit and do not be in a haste. Has not Allah (Mighty and Majestic) said:" And truly he saw him on the clear horizon" (Al-Qur'an, Surat at-Takwir, 81:23) and" he saw Him in another descent" (Al-Qur'an, Surat Najm 53:13)? She said: I am the first of this Ummah who asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it, and he said: Verily he is Gabriel. I have never seen him in his original form in which he was created except on those two occasions (to which these verses refer); I saw him descending from the heaven and filling (the space) from the sky to the earth with the greatness of his bodily structure. She said: Have you not heard Allah saying: "Eyes comprehend Him not, but He comprehends (all) vision. and He is Subtle, and All-Aware" (Al-Qur'an, Surat al-Anʿam 6:103)? (She, i.e. 'A'isha, further said): Have you not heard that, verily, Allah says: "And it is not for any human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation or from behind a partition or that He sends a messenger to reveal, by His permission, what He wills. Indeed, He is Most High and Wise." (Al-Qur'an, Surat ash-Shura, 42:51) She said: He who presumes that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concealed anything from the Book of Allah fabricates the greatest lie against Allah. Allah says: "O Messenger, announce that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not, then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah does not guide the disbelieving people." (Al-Qur'an, Surat al-Ma'idah, 5:67). She said: He who presumes that he would inform about what was going to happen tomorrow fabricates the greatest lie against Allah. And Allah says "Say, 'None in the heavens and earth knows the unseen except Allah , and they do not perceive when they will be resurrected.'" (Al-Qur'an, Surat an-Naml, 27:65). (Using translation from Muslim 177a)
يَا أَبَا عَائِشَةَ ثَلَاثٌ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ عَلَى اللهِ الْفِرْيَةَ مَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَأَى رَبَّهُ فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ عَلَى اللهِ الْفِرْيَةَ قَالَ وَكُنْتُ مُتَّكِئًا فَجَلَسْتُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَلَمْ يَقُلِ اللهُ {وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ بِالْأُفُقِ الْمُبِينِ} [التكوير 23] {وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَى} [النجم 13]؟ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي أَوَّلُ مَنْ سَأَلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَمْ أَرَهُ فِي صُورَتِهِ الَّتِي خُلِقَ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا هَاتَيْنِ الْمَرَّتَيْنِ رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْهَبِطًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ سَادًّا عِظَمُ خَلْقِهِ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ» ثُمَّ قَالَتْ أَوَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ إِلَى قَوْلِ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {لَا تُدْرِكْهُ الْأَبْصَارُ وَهُوَ يُدْرِكُ الْأَبْصَارَ وَهُوَ اللَّطِيفُ الْخَبِيرُ} [الأنعام 103]؟ أَوَلَمْ تَسْمَعْ إِلَى قَوْلِ اللهِ {وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَهُ اللهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ} [الشورى 51]؟ وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا كَتَمَ شَيْئًا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ عَلَى اللهِ الْفِرْيَةَ وَاللهُ يَقُولُ {يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ رَبِّكَ} [المائدة 67] وَمَنْ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا يَكُونُ فِي غَدٍ فَقَدْ أَعْظَمَ عَلَى اللهِ الْفِرْيَةَ وَاللهُ يَقُولُ {قُلْ لَا يَعْلَمُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ الْغَيْبَ إِلَّا اللهُ}
ذِكْرُ سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى
[Machine] In his saying, "Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], al-Kawthar" [Surah Al-Kawthar:1], it is stated that the Prophet ﷺ said, "It is a river in Paradise, its banks are of pearls. So I said, 'O Jibril, what is this?' He said, 'It is al-Kawthar which Allah, blessed and exalted, has given to you. And the Sidrat al-Muntaha has been raised up for me, its end being in the seventh heaven."
فِي قَوْلِهِ {§إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ} [الكوثر 1] أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ هُوَ نَهْرٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَافَّتَاهُ قِبَابٌ مِنْ لُؤْلُؤٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَ هُوَ الْكَوْثَرُ الَّذِي أَعْطَاكَهُ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى وَرُفِعَتْ لِي سِدْرَةُ الْمُنْتَهَى مُنْتَهَاهَا فِي السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنَى فَأَوْحَى إِلَى عَبْدِهِ مَا أَوْحَى} [النجم: 10]
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ saw Jibril ﷺ with him having six hundred wings.
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ رَأَى جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لَهُ سِتُّمِائَةِ جُنَاحٍ
54.53.3 Subsection
٥٤۔٥٣۔٣ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى} [النجم: 11]
It is narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas that he (the Holy Prophet) saw (Allah) with, his heart. (Using translation from Muslim 176a)
فِي قَوْلِهِ {§مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى} [النجم 11] قَالَ «رَآهُ بِقَلْبِهِ» وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ {مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى} [النجم 11] قَالَ «رَآهُ بِقَلْبِهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ saw his Lord, glorified and exalted, with his heart and not with his eyes.
«رَأَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَبَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى بِقَلْبِهِ وَلَمْ يَرَهُ بِبَصَرِهِ»
[Machine] I heard Ibn Abbas saying, "Indeed, Muhammad ﷺ saw his Lord."
سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ «إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ رَأَى رَبَّهُ ﷻ»
«عَبْدُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ»
[Machine] To be Khalil (a close companion) to Ibrahim, and for speech to be for Musa, and for visions to be for Muhammad ﷺ .
أَنْ تَكُونَ الْخُلَّةُ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالْكَلَامُ لِمُوسَى وَالرُّؤْيَةُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ»
54.53.4 Subsection
٥٤۔٥٣۔٤ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَى} [النجم: 13]
[Machine] Abdullah said, "He saw Gabriel, ﷺ , filled the horizon. He did not see him except in these two locations."
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَى} [النجم 13] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {لَقَدْ رَأَى مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَى} [النجم 18] قَالَ «رَأَى جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَدْ سَدَّ الْأُفُقَ لَمْ يَرَهُ إِلَّا فِي هَذَيْنِ الْمَكَانَيْنِ»
فِي قَوْلِهِ {§وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَى} [النجم 13] قَالَ «أَبْصَرَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَى رَفْرَفٍ قَدْ مَلَأَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَلَمْ يُبْصِرْ رَبَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى»
[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ , "And he certainly saw him in another descent, at the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary - near it is the Garden of Refuge - when there covered the Lote Tree that which covered [it]. The sight [of the Prophet] did not swerve, nor did it transgress [its limit]. He certainly saw of the greatest signs of his Lord." (Quran, Surah An-Najm, verse 13). He said, "I saw Gabriel by the Lote Tree, with six hundred wings, some of which covered the horizons."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ {وَلَقَدْ رَآهُ نَزْلَةً أُخْرَى} [النجم 13] قَالَ «رَأَيْتُ جِبْرِيلَ عِنْدَ السِّدْرَةِ لَهُ سِتُّمِائَةِ جِنَاحٍ يَتَنَاثَرُ مِنْهَا تَهَاوِيلُ الدُّرِّ»
54.53 Sūrat al-Najm
٥٤۔٥٣ سُورَةُ النَّجْمِ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {لَقَدْ رَأَى مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَى} [النجم: 18]
(regarding the revelation) Truly he (Muhammad) did see of the signs of his Lord; the Greatest!' (53.18) The Prophet ﷺ saw a green screen covering the horizon. (Using translation from Bukhārī 4858)
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ {لَقَدْ رَأَى مِنْ آيَاتِ رَبِّهِ الْكُبْرَى} [النجم 18] قَالَ رَأَى رَفْرَفًا فِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ «أَخْضَرَ قَدْ سَدَّ الْأُفُقَ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {إِلَّا اللَّمَمَ} [النجم: 32]
[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet, ﷺ , "Indeed, Allah the Almighty has decreed upon the son of Adam his share of adultery, and no doubt, he will definitely come across it. The adultery of the hand is the (actual) physical involvement, and the adultery of the tongue is through uttering (inappropriate) words, and the soul desires and craves (adultery), and the private parts either affirm or deny (committing adultery)."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كَتَبَ عَلَى ابْنِ آدَمَ حَظَّهُ مِنَ الزِّنَا أَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ لَا مَحَالَةَ فَزِنَا الْيَدَيْنِ الْبَطْشُ وَزِنَا اللِّسَانِ النُّطْقُ وَالنَّفْسُ تَمَنَّى وَتَشْتَهِي وَالْفَرْجُ يُصَدِّقُ ذَلِكَ وَيُكَذِّبُهُ»
54.53.7 Subsection
٥٤۔٥٣۔٧ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {أَفَرَأَيْتُمُ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى} [النجم: 19]
"I swore by Al-Lat and Al-'Uzza and my companions said to me: 'What a bad thing you have said! You have said something horrible.' So I went to the Messenger of Allah and told him about that. He said: 'Say: La ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lah, lahul-mulk wa lahul-hamd wa huwa 'ala kulli shay'in qadir (There is none worthy of worship except Allah with no partner or associate; His is the Dominion, to Him be all praise, and He is able to do all things). Spit to your left three times, seek refuge with Allah from the Shaitan, and do not say that again.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3777)
لِي أَصْحَابِي بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتَ قُلْتَ هُجْرًا فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ قُلْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَانْفُثْ عَنْ شِمَالِكَ ثَلَاثًا وَتَعَوَّذْ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ ثُمَّ لَا تَعُدْ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever amongst you swears, (saying by error) in his oath 'By Al-Lat and Al- Uzza', then he should say, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah.' And whoever says to his companions, 'Come let me gamble' with you, then he must give something in charity (as an expiation for such a sin)." (See Hadith No. 645) (Using translation from Bukhārī 6107)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ مِنْكُمْ فَقَالَ فِي حَلِفِهِ بِاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى فَلْيَقُلْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ
[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Mecca, he sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to a date palm tree where Al-Uzza was located. Khalid went to it, and it had three Samurah (date clusters). He cut the Samurah and demolished the house that was on it, then he came to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him about it. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Go back, for you have not accomplished anything". So Khalid returned, and when the Sadanah (a big wooden structure) became visible to him, they stared at the mountain and said, "O Uzza, O Uzza!" Khalid came to it and found a naked woman with her long hair spread out on her head, standing in the dust. He covered her with his sword until he killed her, then he returned to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him about it. The Prophet ﷺ said, "That is Al-Uzza".
لَمَّا فَتْحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى نَخْلَةٍ وَكَانَتْ بِهَا الْعُزَّى فَأَتَاهَا خَالِدٌ وَكَانَتْ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ سَمُرَاتٍ فَقَطَعَ السَّمُرَاتِ وَهَدَمَ الْبَيْتَ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ «ارْجِعْ فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تَصْنَعْ شَيْئًا» فَرَجَعَ خَالِدٌ فَلَمَّا بَصُرَتْ بِهِ السَّدَنَةُ وَهُمْ حَجَبَتُهَا أَمْعَنُوا فِي الْجَبَلِ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ يَا عُزَّى يَا عُزَّى فَأَتَاهَا خَالِدٌ فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ عُرْيَانَةٌ نَاشِرَةٌ شَعْرَهَا تَحْتَفِنُ التُّرَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهَا فَعَمَّمَهَا بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى قَتَلَهَا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ «تِلْكَ الْعُزَّى»
54.53 Sūrat al-Najm
٥٤۔٥٣ سُورَةُ النَّجْمِ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنَاةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الْأُخْرَى} [النجم: 20]
"I asked Aishah about the words of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime: 'So it sin not a sin on him who perform Hajj or Umrah (Pilgrimage) of the House (the Kabah at Makkah) to perform the going (Tawaf) between them (as-Safa and Al-Marwah) and (I said): 'By Allah, there is no sin on anyone if he does not go between As-Safa and Al-Marwa.' Aishah said: 'What a bad thing you said, O son of my brother! If this Ayah was as you have interpreted it, there would be no sin on a person if he did not go between them. But it was revealed concering the Ansar. Before they accepted Islam, they sued to enter Ihram for the false goddess Manat whom they used to worship at Al-Mushallal. Whoever enter Ihram for her would refrain from going between As-Safa and Al-Marwah. When they asked the Messenger of Allah about that, Allah, the Might and Sublime, revealed: 'Verily As-Safa and Al-Marwah (Two mountains in Makkah) are of the Symbols of Allah. So it is not a sin on him who performs Hajj or Urmrah (Pilgrimage) of the House (the Kabah at Makkah) to perform the going (Tawaf) between them (As-Safa and Al-Marwah). Then the Messenger of Allah enjoined going between them so no one has the right to refrain from going between them.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2968)
أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا} [البقرة 158] فَوَاللهِ مَا عَلَى أَحَدٍ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا يَطَّوَّفَ بِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتَ يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ لَوْ كَانَتْ كَمَا أَوَّلْتَهَا كَانَتْ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَلَّا يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَلَكِنَّهَا أُنْزِلَتْ فِي أَنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمُوا كَانُوا يُهِلُّونَ لِمَنَاةَ الطَّاغِيَةِ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَ عِنْدَ الْمُشَلَّلِ وَكَانَ مَنْ أَهَلَّ لَهَا يَتَحَرَّجُ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِالصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ فَلَمَّا سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا} [البقرة 158] ثُمَّ قَدْ سَنَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الطَّوَافَ بِهِمَا فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ الطَّوَافَ بِهِمَا
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {فَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ وَاعْبُدُوا} [النجم: 62]
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited An-Najm and prostrated during it. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 959)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ «قَرَأَ النَّجْمَ فَسَجَدَ بِهِمْ»