54. Tafsīr (Exegesis)
٥٤۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ} [مريم: 28]
[Machine] I was in the land of Najran when they asked me and said, "Have you seen anything that you read, 'O sister of Harun'?" [Maryam, 28]. And between Musa and Isa, what have you learned from the years?" He said, "So I did not know how to respond to them." So when I arrived to the messenger of Allah, ﷺ , I mentioned it to him. He said, "Did you not inform them that they used to be called by the names of their prophets and the righteous ones?"
كُنْتُ بِأَرْضِ نَجْرَانَ فَسَأَلُونِي فَقَالُوا أَرَأَيْتُمْ شَيْئًا تَقْرَءُونَهُ {يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ} [مريم 28] وَبَيْنَ مُوسَى وَعِيسَى مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ مِنَ السِّنِينَ؟ قَالَ فَلَمْ أَدْرِ مَا أُجِيبُهُمْ بِهِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ «أَلَا أَخْبَرْتَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَمَّوْنَ بِأَنْبِيَائِهِمْ وَالصَّالِحِينَ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ} [مريم: 39]
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "On the Day of Resurrection Death will be brought forward in the shape of a black and white ram. Then a call maker will call, 'O people of Paradise!' Thereupon they will stretch their necks and look carefully. The caller will say, 'Do you know this?' They will say, 'Yes, this is Death.' By then all of them will have seen it. Then it will be announced again, 'O people of Hell !' They will stretch their necks and look carefully. The caller will say, 'Do you know this?' They will say, 'Yes, this is Death.' And by then all of them will have seen it. Then it (that ram) will be slaughtered and the caller will say, 'O people of Paradise! Eternity for you and no death O people of Hell! Eternity for you and no death."' Then the Prophet, recited:-- 'And warn them of the Day of distress when the case has been decided, while (now) they are in a state of carelessness (i.e. the people of the world) and they do not believe.' (19.39) (Using translation from Bukhārī 4730)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا دَخَلَ أَهْلُ النَّارِ النَّارَ وَأُدْخِلَ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ الْجَنَّةَ يُجَاءُ بِالْمَوْتِ كَأَنَّهُ كَبْشٌ أَمْلَحُ فَيُنَادِي مُنَادٍ يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ تَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ فَيَشْرَئِبُّونَ وَيَنْظُرُونَ وَكُلٌّ قَدْ رَأَوْهُ فَيَقُولُونَ نَعَمْ هَذَا الْمَوْتُ ثُمَّ يُنَادِي يَا أَهْلَ النَّارِ تَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا؟ فَيَشْرَئِبُّونَ وَيَنْظُرُونَ وَكُلُّهُمْ قَدْ رَأَوْهُ فَيَقُولُونَ نَعَمْ هَذَا الْمَوْتُ فَيُؤْخَذُ فَيُذْبَحُ ثُمَّ يُنَادِي يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ خُلُودٌ وَلَا مَوْتَ وَيَا أَهْلَ النَّارِ خُلُودٌ وَلَا مَوْتَ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ {وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ إِذْ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ} [مريم 39] قَالَ أَهْلُ الدُّنْيَا فِي غَفْلَةٍ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ} [مريم: 39]
[Machine] From the Prophet ﷺ regarding this verse {And warn them of the Day of Regret} [Maryam 39], he said: He calls out to the people of Paradise and they respond eagerly, looking on. Then he calls out to the people of Hellfire and they respond eagerly, looking on. Then it is said, "Do you know what death is?" They say, "Yes." Then death is brought in the form of a salty, old ram, and it is said, "This is death." Then it is presented and slaughtered. He said, "O people of Paradise, it is eternal life with no death, and O people of Hellfire, it is eternal life with no death." Then he recited {And warn them of the Day of Regret, when the matter will have been decreed} [Maryam 39].
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ} [مريم 39] قَالَ يُنَادِي يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَشْرَئِبُّونَ فَيَنْظُرُونَ وَيُنَادِي يَا أَهْلَ النَّارِ فَيَشْرَئِبُّونَ فَيَنْظُرُونَ فَيُقَالُ هَلْ تَعْرِفُونَ الْمَوْتَ؟ فَيَقُولُونَ نَعَمْ فَيُجَاءُ بِالْمَوْتِ فِي صُورَةِ كَبْشٍ أَمْلَحَ فَيُقَالُ هَذَا الْمَوْتُ فَيُقَدَّمُ فَيُذْبَحُ قَالَ يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ خُلُودٌ وَلَا مَوْتَ وَيُقَالُ يَا أَهْلَ النَّارِ خُلُودٌ لَا مَوْتَ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ إِذْ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ} [مريم 39]
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَقَرَّبْنَاهُ نَجِيًّا} [مريم: 52]
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: Adam met Moses and Moses said to him, "You are the one whom Allah created with His own hands, and He made His angels prostrate to you, and He made you dwell in His Paradise and He taught you the names of all things. Then Allah showed Adam to Moses and said, "O Moses! Do you know anyone more knowledgeable than you?" Moses replied, "No." So, Allah said, "O Moses! Adam has more knowledge than you." Then Adam met Moses and repeated the same question and Adam answered, "No." Allah said, "O Adam! Moses has more knowledge than you."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَقِيَ آدَمُ مُوسَى فَقَالَ مُوسَى يَا آدَمُ أَنْتَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكَ اللهُ بِيَدِهِ وَأَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَأَسْكَنَكَ جَنَّتَهُ وَنَفَخَ فِيكَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ قَالَ آدَمُ يَا مُوسَى أَنْتَ الَّذِي اصْطَفَاكَ اللهُ بِرِسَالَاتِهِ وَآتَاكَ التَّوْرَاةَ وَكَلَّمَكَ وَقَرَّبَكَ نَجِيًّا فَأَنَا أَقْدَمُ أَمِ الذِّكْرُ؟ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ} [مريم: 64]
[Machine] "Muhammad, indeed the Prophet ﷺ said, and Ibrahim said, indeed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Jibril, 'What prevents you from visiting us more than you visit us?' So the verse was revealed: 'And we do not come down except by the command of your Lord.' [Surah Maryam 64] Muhammad said the verse."
مُحَمَّدٌ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِجِبْرِيلَ «مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَزُورَنَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا تَزُورُنَا؟» فَنَزَلَتْ {وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ} [مريم 64] قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ الْآيَةَ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا} [مريم: 71]
“No man who loses three of his children will ever enter the Fire, except in fulfillment of the oath (of Allah).”* (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1603)
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «مَا أَحَدٌ يَمُوتُ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ فَيَلِجُ النَّارَ إِلَّا تَحِلَّةَ الْقَسَمِ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَنَذَرُ الظَّالِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيًّا} [مريم: 72]
God willing, the people of the Tree would never enter the fire of Hell one amongst those who owed allegiance under that. She said: Messenger of Allah, why not? He scolded her. Hafsa said: And there is none amongst you but shall have to pass over that (narrow Bridge). Thereupon Allah's Apostle ﷺ said: Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, has said: We would rescue those persons who are God-conscious and we would leave the tyrants to their fate there (xix. 72). (Using translation from Muslim 2496)
أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ عِنْدَ حَفْصَةَ ؓ «لَا يَدْخُلُ النَّارَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّجَرَةِ أَحَدٌ الَّذِينَ بَايَعُوا تَحْتَهَا» قَالَتْ بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَانْتَهَرَهَا قَالَتْ حَفْصَةُ {وَإِنْ مِنْكُمْ إِلَّا وَارِدُهَا} [مريم 71] قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ {ثُمَّ نُنَجِّي الَّذِينَ اتَّقُوا وَنَذَرُ الظَّالِمِينَ فِيهَا جِثِيًّا} [مريم 72]
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ بِآيَاتِنَا} [مريم: 77]
[Machine] "And by God, I will not grant you until you disbelieve in Muhammad." So I said, "No, by God, I will not disbelieve in Muhammad until you die and then you are resurrected." He said, "If I die and then I am resurrected, you will come to me and I will have wealth and children, so I will give it to you." So Allah revealed, "So have you seen the one who disbelieves in Our verses... and he comes to Us alone?"
وَاللهِ لَا أَقْضِيكَ حَتَّى تَكْفُرَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ فَقُلْتُ لَا وَاللهِ لَا أَكْفُرُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ حَتَّى تَمُوتَ ثُمَّ تُبْعَثَ قَالَ فَإِنِّي إِذَا مُتُّ ثُمَّ بُعِثْتُ جِئْتَنِي وَلِي ثَمَّ مَالٌ وَوَلَدٌ فَأُعْطِيكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ بِآيَاتِنَا} [مريم 77] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَيَأْتِينَا فَرَدَّا} [مريم 80]
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي كَفَرَ بِآيَاتِنَا} [مريم: 77]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "No one can bear the harm inflicted upon him by people for the sake of Allah, while Allah continues to provide for them, give them good health, and protect them."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «لَا أَحَدَ أَصْبَرَ عَلَى أَذًى يَسْمَعُهُ مِنَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ يُشْرَكُ بِهِ وَيُجْعَلُ لَهُ نِدٌّ وَهُوَ يُعَافِيهِمْ وَيَرْزُقُهُمْ وَيَدْفَعُ عَنْهُمْ»