54. Tafsīr (Exegesis)
٥٤۔ كِتَابُ التَّفْسِيرِ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ} [هود: 7]
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah's Hand is full, and (its fullness) is not affected by the continuous spending, day and night." He also said, "Do you see what He has spent since He created the Heavens and the Earth? Yet all that has not decreased what is in His Hand." He also said, "His Throne is over the water and in His other Hand is the balance (of Justice) and He raises and lowers (whomever He will)." (See Hadith No. 206, Vol. 6) (Using translation from Bukhārī 7411)
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «يَمِينُ اللهِ مَلْأَى لَا تَغِيضُهَا نَفَقَةٌ سَحَّاءُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ» وَقَالَ «أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا أَنْفَقَ مُنْذُ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُنْفِقْ مَا فِي يَمِينِهِ وَعَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ وَبِيَدِهِ الْأُخْرَى الْمِيزَانُ يَخْفِضُ وَيَرْفَعُ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ} [هود: 7]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said, "Allah existed and there was nothing besides Him, and His throne was above the water, and He wrote everything in the Remembrance (the preserved tablet), then He created seven heavens."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «كَانَ اللهُ وَلَا شَيْءَ غَيْرُهُ وَكَانَ عَرْشُهُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَكَتَبَ فِي الذِّكْرِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَوَاتٍ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ} [هود: 17]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said, "No one from my ummah, nor a Jew, nor a Christian, hears of me and does not believe in me, except that they will enter the Hellfire."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «لَا يَسْمَعُ بِي أَحَدٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِي أَوْ يَهُودِيٌّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيٌّ ثُمَّ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِي إِلَّا دَخَلَ النَّارَ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ} [هود: 17]
"We were with 'Abdullah bin 'Umar when he was circumambulating the House; a man came up to him and said: 'O Ibn 'Umar, what did you hear the Messenger of Allah say about the Najwa?' He said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah say: 'On the Day of Resurrection, the believer will be brought close to his Lord until He will cover him with His screen, then He will make him confess his sins. He will ask him: "Do you confess?" He will say: "O Lord, I confess." This will continue as long as Allah wills, then He will say: "I concealed them for you in the world, and I forgive you for them today." Then he will be given the scroll of his good deeds, or his record, in his right hand. But as for the disbeliever or the hypocrite, (his sins) will be announced before the witnesses.' " (One of the narrators) Khalid said: "At: 'before the witnesses' there is something missing." "These are the ones who lied against their Lord!' No doubt! The curse of Allah is on the wrongdoers." (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 183)
سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ فِي النَّجْوَى قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَدْنُو الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَضَعُ عَلَيْهِ كَنَفَهُ ثُمَّ يُقَرِّرُهُ بِذُنُوبِهِ هَلْ تَعْرِفُ؟ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّ أَعْرِفُ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ وَإِنِّي سَتَرْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَأَغْفِرُهَا لَكَ الْيَوْمَ ثُمَّ يُعْطَى صَحِيفَةَ حَسَنَاتِهِ وَأَمَّا الْكُفَّارُ فَيُنَادِي رَبُّهُمْ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْأَشْهَادِ {هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِمْ أَلَا لَعْنَةُ اللهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ} [هود 18]
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {فَلَا تَسْأَلْنِ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ} [هود: 46]
“The believers will be gathered on the Day of Resurrection, inspired or worried.” – Sa’eed was not sure – “And they will say: ‘If we seek someone to intercede for us with our Lord, we may find relief from our situation.’ So they will go to Adam and will say: ‘You are Adam, the father of mankind. Allah created you with His Hand and His angels prostrated to you. Intercede for us with your Lord, that He might grant us relief from our situation.’ He will say: ‘I am not the one,’ and he will mention to them and complain of the sin that he committed. He will feel too shy to do that (and will say): ‘Rather go to Nuh, for he is the first Messenger whom Allah sent to the people of earth.’ So they will go to him, but he will say: ‘I am not the one,’ and he will mention of how he asked of Allah that of which he had no knowledge.* He will feel too shy to do that (and will say): ‘Rather go to the Close Friend of the Most Merciful, Ibrahim.’ So they will go to him and he will say: ‘I am not the one. Rather go to Musa, a slave to whom Allah spoke and to whom He gave the Torah.’ So they will go to him and he will say: ‘I am not the one,’ and he will mention how he killed a soul, not in retaliation for murder (and will say): ‘Rather go to ‘Isa, the slave of Allah and His Messenger, the Word of Allah and a spirit created by Him.’ So they will go to him, but he will say: ‘I am not the one. Rather go to Muhammad, a slave whose past and future sins Allah forgave.’ So they will come to me and I will go with them.” – There was a similar report from Hasan who added (the Prophet ﷺ said:) And I will walk between two rows of the believers.” Then he went back to the Hadith of Anas. – And he said: “And I will ask my Lord for permission and permission will be given to me. When I see Him I will fall down prostrating, and I will be left as long as Allah wills to leave me. Then it will be said: ‘Get up, O Muhammad. Speak, you will be heard; ask, you will be given; intercede, your intercession will be accepted.’ I will praise Him with praise that He will teach me, then I will intercede, and a limit will be set. Then they will be admitted to Paradise, and I will come back a second time. When I see Him I will fall down prostrating, and I will be left as long as Allah wills to leave me. Then it will be said: ‘Get up, O Muhammad. Speak, you will be heard; ask, you will be given; intercede, your intercession will be accepted.’ I will praise Him with praise that He will teach me, then I will intercede, and a limit will be set. Then they will be admitted to Paradise, and I will come back a third time. When I see Him I will fall down prostrating, and I will be left as long as Allah wills to leave me. Then it will be said: ‘Get up, O Muhammad. Speak, you will be heard; ask, you will be given; intercede, your intercession will be accepted.’ I will praise Him with praise that He will teach me, then I will intercede, and a limit will be set. Then they will be admitted to Paradise, and I will come back a fourth time and will say: ‘O Lord, there is no one left except those who are detained by the Qur’an.’” ** Qatadah (the Tabi'ee in the chain) would narrate after this hadith that Anas (ra) said "Those who said 'La illaha illa Allah' (there is no god except Allah) and had the weight of a grain of barley in good in his heart will come out of the Fire, and those who said 'La illaha illa Allah' and had a weight of a grain of wheat in good in his heart will come out of the Fire, and those who said 'La illaha illa Allah' and had a weight of a grain of dust in good in his heart will come out of the Fire." (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 4312)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَجْتَمِعُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيَقُولُونَ لَوِ اسْتَشْفَعْنَا إِلَى رَبِّنَا فَأَرَاحَنَا مِنْ مَكَانِنَا هَذَا فَيَأْتُونَ آدَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَيَقُولُونَ أَنْتَ أَبُو النَّاسِ خَلَقَكَ اللهُ بِيَدِهِ وَأَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ فَاشْفَعْ لَنَا عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ فَيَقُولُ لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَيُذْكَرُ لَهُمْ وَيَشْكُو إِلَيْهِمْ ذَنْبَهُ الَّذِي أَصَابَ فَيَسْتَحْيِي اللهَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا نُوحًا فَإِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ رَسُولِ بَعَثَهُ اللهُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ [128] فَيُنَادُونَهُ فَيَقُولُ لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَيَذْكُرُ سُؤَالَهُ رَبَّهُ مَا لَيْسَ لَهُ بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَيَسْتَحْيِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلَ الرَّحْمَنِ فَيَأْتُونَهُ فَيَقُولُ لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا مُوسَى عَبْدًا كَلَّمَ اللهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ التَّوْرَاةَ فَيَأْتُونَهُ فَيَقُولُ لَسْتُ هُنَاكُمْ وَيَذْكُرُ قَتْلَهُ النَّفْسَ بِغَيْرِ النَّفْسِ وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا عِيسَى عَبْدَ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ وَكَلِمَةُ اللهِ وَرُوحُهُ فَيَأْتُونَهُ فَيَقُولُ لَسْتُ هُنَاكَ وَلَكِنِ ائْتُوا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَعَلَى جَمِيعِ أَنْبِيَاءِ اللهِ عَبْدًا غَفَرَ اللهُ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ قَالَ فَيَأْتُونَنِي فَأَنْطَلِقُ قَالَ سَعِيدٌ فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَرْفَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ «فَأَمْشِي بَيْنَ سِمَاطَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ» ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ قَالَ فَأَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى رَبِّي فَيَأْذَنُ لِي فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُهُ وَقَعْتُ سَاجِدًا فَيَدَعُنِي مَا شَاءَ اللهُ أَنْ يَدَعَنِي ثُمَّ يُقَالُ ارْفَعْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قُلْ تُسْمَعْ سَلْ تُعْطَهْ اشْفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ فَأَرْفَعُ رَأْسِي فَأَحْمَدُهُ بِتَحْمِيدٍ يُعَلِّمُنِيهِ ثُمَّ أَشْفَعُ فَيَحُدُّ لِي حَدًّا فَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ ثُمَّ أَعُودُ الثَّانِيَةَ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُهُ وَقَعْتُ سَاجِدًا فَيَدَعُنِي مَا شَاءَ اللهُ أَنْ يَدَعَنِي ثُمَّ يُقَالُ ارْفَعْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قُلْ تُسْمَعْ سَلْ تُعْطَهْ فَأَرْفَعُ رَأْسِي فَأَحْمَدُهُ بِتَحْمِيدٍ يُعَلِّمُنِيهِ ثُمَّ أَشْفَعُ فَيَحُدُّ لِي حَدًّا فَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ ثُمَّ أَعُودُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُ رَبِّي وَقَعْتُ لَهُ سَاجِدًا فَيَدَعُنِي مَا شَاءَ اللهُ ثُمَّ يُقَالُ لِي ارْفَعْ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قُلْ تُسْمَعْ سَلْ تُعْطَهْ اشْفَعْ تُشَفَّعْ فَأَرْفَعُ رَأْسِي فَأَحْمَدُهُ بِتَحْمِيدٍ يُعَلِّمُنِيهِ ثُمَّ أَشْفَعُ فَيَحُدُّ لِي حَدًّا فَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ ثُمَّ أَعُودُ الرَّابِعَةَ فَأَقُولُ يَا رَبِّ مَا بَقِيَ إِلَّا مَنْ حَبَسَهُ الْقُرْآنُ قَالَ وَيَقُولُ قَتَادَةُ عَلَى أَثَرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَكَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ مِثْقَالُ شَعِيرَةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ النَّارِ مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَكَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ بُرَّةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ وَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ النَّارِ مَنْ كَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {مُنِيبٌ} [هود: 75]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ met him, so he entered the mosque and a man was reciting and another man was supplicating. He (the Prophet) then left the next night, and I met him. He took my hand and the mosque was illuminated. We heard a voice, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, do you see him as a mirage?" He said, "No, rather he is a believing, repentant (servant), rather he is a believing, repentant (servant)."
لَقِيَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَدْخَلَهُ الْمَسْجِدَ وَرَجُلٌ يَقْرَأُ وَآخَرُ يَدْعُو قَالَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ اللَّيْلَةَ الْمُقْبِلَةَ فَلَقِيتُهُ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي وَقَدْ أَضَاءَ الْمَسْجِدُ فَسَمِعْنَا صَوْتًا فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَتُرَاهُ مُرَائِيًا؟ قَالَ «لَا بَلْ مُؤْمِنٌ مُنِيبٌ بَلْ مُؤْمِنٌ مُنِيبٌ»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ} [هود: 102]
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah gives respite to the oppressor, but when He takes him over, He never releases him." Then he recited:-- "Such is the seizure of your Lord when He seizes (population of) towns in the midst of their wrong: Painful indeed, and severe is His seizure.' (11.102) (Using translation from Bukhārī 4686)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْهُ أَوْ يُمْهِلْهُ » ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ} [هود 102]
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {فَمِنْهُمْ شَقِيٌّ وَسَعِيدٌ} [هود: 105]
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ , who is truthful and trustworthy, narrated to us: "Verily, the creation of the son of Adam is gathered in the womb of his mother for forty days, then it becomes a clot of blood like that, then it becomes a piece of flesh like that, then Allah sends an angel to him who writes down his lifespan, his deeds, his provisions, and whether he will be wretched or happy."
حَدَّثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ الصَّادِقُ الْمَصْدُوقُ إِنَّ خَلْقَ ابْنِ آدَمَ يُجْمَعُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ لِأَرْبَعِينَ ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَقَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يَكُونُ مُضْغَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكًا فَيَكْتُبُ أَرْبَعًا أَجَلَهُ وَعَمَلَهُ وَرِزْقَهُ وَشَقِيًّا أَمْ سَعِيدًا
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ} [هود: 114]
A man kissed a woman and then came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him of that, so this Divine Inspiration was revealed to the Prophet ﷺ 'And offer Prayers perfectly at the two ends of the day, and in some hours of the night; (i.e. (five) compulsory prayers). Verily, the good deeds remove the evil deeds (small sins) That is a reminder for the mindful.' (11.114) The man said, Is this instruction for me only?' The Prophet ﷺ said, "It is for all those of my followers who encounter a similar situation." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4687)
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَصَابَ مِنِ امْرَأَةٍ قُبْلَةً فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ كَفَّارَتِهَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ} [هود 114] قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلِي هَذِهِ؟ قَالَ «بَلْ هِيَ لِمَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا مِنْ أُمَّتِي»
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: {وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ} [هود: 114]
[Machine] A woman and her husband came to him, as the Prophet ﷺ sent him on a mission. She said to him, "Sell me some dates for a dirham." He said to her, "I found some dates in the house that are better than these." So he went with her, and he winked at her and kissed her. She became startled, and he left and met Abu Bakr. He said to him, "Am I ruined?" He said, "What is the matter with you?" So he explained his situation to him and said, "Do I have a chance for repentance?" He said, "Yes, repent and do not repeat it, and do not inform anyone." Then he went on until he met the Prophet ﷺ and he told him the story. The Prophet said, "Have you left a man from the Muslims waging jihad in the cause of Allah because of this?" And I thought that I am one of the people of Hell and that Allah will never forgive me, but the Prophet ﷺ interceded for me until the verse was revealed to him: "And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night. Indeed, good deeds do away with misdeeds. That is a reminder for those who remember." (Surah Hud, 114) So the Prophet ﷺ sent me and recited these verses to me.
أَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَزَوْجُهَا قَدْ بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي بَعْثٍ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ بِعْنِي بِدِرْهَمٍ تَمْرًا قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا وَأَعْجَبَتْنِي إِنَّ فِي الْبَيْتِ تَمْرًا أَطْيَبُ مِنْ هَذَا فَانْطَلَقَ بِهَا فَغَمَزَهَا وَقَبَّلَهَا فَفَزِعَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَلَقِيَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ هَلَكْتُ قَالَ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرَهُ وَقَالَ لَهُ هَلْ لِي مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ تُبْ وَلَا تَعُدْ وَلَا تُخْبِرَنَّ أَحَدًا ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ حَتَّى أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ «خَلَّفْتَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ غَازِيًا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بِهَذَا؟» وَظَنَنْتُ أَنِّي مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَأَنَّ اللهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ لِي أَبَدًا وَأَطْرَقَ عَنِّي نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ {وَأَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئَاتِ ذَلِكَ ذِكْرَى لِلذَّاكِرِينَ} [هود 114] فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَرَأَهُنَّ عَلَيَّ