[Machine] To be a judge, one should possess five qualities: chastity, forbearance, knowledge of what came before, seeking the advice of knowledgeable people, and not caring about people's criticism.  

أَنْ يَكُونَ قَاضِيًا حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِيهِ خَمْسُ خِصَالٍ عَفِيفٌ حَلِيمٌ عَالِمٌ بِمَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ يَسْتَشِيرُ ذَوِي الْأَلْبَابِ لَا يُبَالِي بِمَلَامَةِ النَّاسِ  

[Machine] If you want  

إِذَا شِئْتُمْ  

[Machine] Sulaiman bin Dawud, ﷺ , said to his son, "O my son, do not make a decision until you consult a guide, for if you do that, you will not regret it."  

قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِابْنِهِ يَا بُنِيَّ لَا تَقْطَعْ أَمْرًا حَتَّى تُؤَامِرَ مُرْشِدًا فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ تَحْزَنْ عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] As for you, Salman, your characteristic is not to get angry. And as for you, Amr, it is part of your character to consult him in his ear.  

أَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا سَلْمَانُ فَمَا كَانَ نَوْلُكَ تَغْضَبُ وَأَمَّا أَنْتَ يَا عَمْرُو فَكَانَ مِنْ نَوْلِكَ تُشَاوِرُهُ فِي أُذُنِهِ  

[Machine] Look at what is clear to you in the book of Allah, so do not ask anyone about it. And whatever is not clear to you in the book of Allah, follow the Sunnah in it. And whatever is not clear to you in the Sunnah, then strive in your opinion regarding it.  

انْظُرْ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَلَا تَسْأَلْنَ عَنْهُ أَحَدًا وَمَا لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ لَكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَاتَّبِعْ فِيهِ السُّنَّةَ وَمَا لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ لَكَ فِي السُّنَّةِ فَاجْتَهَدْ فِيهِ رَأْيَكَ  

[Machine] Umar wrote to Shurayh, "When a matter comes to you in the Book of Allah, then judge according to it, and let not the opinions of men distract you from it. But if it is not found in the Book of Allah and it is found in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , then judge according to it. And if it is not in the Book of Allah, nor in the Sunnah of His Messenger, then judge according to what the rightly guided Caliphs have ruled. And if it is not in the Book of Allah, nor in the Sunnah of His Messenger, nor in the rulings of the rightly guided Caliphs, then you may exert your own opinion if you wish, but I do not see any conspiracy from you towards me unless you submit to me." The Sheikh (may Allah have mercy on him) informed Umar about the place of conspiracy, which is consultation, because there may be principles that he is unaware of and needs to be informed of, and success comes from Allah.  

كَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ إِذَا أَتَاكَ أَمْرٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ تَعَالَى فَاقْضِ بِهِ وَلَا يَلْفِتَنَّكَ الرِّجَالُ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَكَانَ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَاقْضِ بِهِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَلَا فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ فَاقْضِ بِمَا قَضَى بِهِ أَئِمَّةُ الْهُدَى فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَلَا فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَلَا فِيمَا قَضَى بِهِ أَئِمَّةُ الْهُدَى فَأَنْتَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شِئْتَ تَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيَكَ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُؤَامِرَنِي وَلَا أَرَى مُؤَامَرَتَكَ إِيَّايَ إِلَّا أَسْلَمَ لَكَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَأَخْبَرَ عُمَرُ ؓ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ الْمُؤَامَرَةِ وَهِيَ الْمُشَاوَرَةُ فَرُبَّمَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْأُصُولِ مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغْ شُرَيْحًا فَيُخْبِرُهُ بِهِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he said: "Allah did not send a prophet or appoint a caliph except that he had two advisors: an advisor who would command him to do good and encourage him towards it, and an advisor who would command him to do evil and discourage him from it. So, the infallible one is the one whom Allah protects."  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا بَعَثَ اللهُ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ وَلَا اسْتَخْلَفَ مِنْ خَلِيفَةٍ إِلَّا كَانَتْ لَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ بِطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالْخَيْرِ وَتَحُضُّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَبِطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالشَّرِّ وَتَحُضُّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَالْمَعْصُومُ مَنْ عَصَمَهُ اللهُ 20315 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا حِبَّانُ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ هُوَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ أنبأ يُونُسُ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا اسْتُخْلِفَ خَلِيفَةٌ إِلَّا لَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ فَذَكَرَهُ 20316 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَخْبَرَنِي الْحَسَنُ ثنا حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ؓ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا بُعِثَ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ وَلَا اسْتُخْلِفَ مِنْ خَلِيفَةٍ إِلَّا كَانَتْ لَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There is no prophet or rightly-guided Caliph except that he has two garments: a garment that orders him to do good and forbids him from evil, and a garment that does not leave any impurity on him. So whoever is protected from the evil of these two garments, then he is protected. And it is with the garment that is dominant over him that the narration of As-Susi 20318 ends. Al-Bukhari mentioned that Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz, Abu Tahir Al-Faqih, Abu Zakariya ibn Abi Ishaq, Abu Al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ash-Shadhayakh, and Abu Saeed ibn Abi Amr all said: Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub informed me that Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd Al-Hakam told me that Abu Waqidah informed me from Safwan ibn Sulaym from Abu Salamah from Abu Ayoub that he said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Allah has not sent any prophet or appointed any successor after him except that he has two garments: a garment that orders him to do good and forbids him from evil, and a garment that does not leave any impurity on him. So whoever is protected by the garment of evil, then he is protected."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ وَلَا وَالٍ إِلَّا وَلَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ بَطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَاهُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَبِطَانَةٌ لَا تَأْلُوهُ خَبَالًا فَمَنْ وُقِيَ شَرَّهُمَا فَقَدْ وُقِيَ وَهِيَ مَعَ الَّتِي تَغْلِبُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ السُّوسِيِّ 20318 وَذَكَرَ الْبُخَارِيُّ مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ وَأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّاذْيَاخِيُّ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ ثنا أَبِي وَشُعَيْبٌ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ؓ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَا بَعَثَ اللهُ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ وَلَا كَانَ بَعْدَهُ خَلِيفَةٌ إِلَّا لَهُ بِطَانَتَانِ بِطَانَةٌ تَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَتَنْهَاهُ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَبِطَانَةٌ لَا تَأْلُوهُ خَبَالًا فَمَنْ وُقِيَ بِطَانَةَ السُّوءِ فَقَدْ وُقِيَ  

" I heard my paternal aunt say: 'The Messenger of Allah said; "Whoever among you is appointed to a position of authority. If Allah wills good for him. He will give him a righteous minister who will remind him if he forgets and help him if he remembers (Using translation from Nasāʾī 4204)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ وَلِيَ مِنْكُمْ عَمَلًا فَأَرَادَ اللهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا جَعَلَ لَهُ وَزِيرًا صَالِحًا إِنْ نَسِيَ ذَكَّرَهُ وَإِنْ ذَكَرَ أَعَانَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "When Allah intends good for a ruler, He appoints a trustworthy minister for him. If the ruler forgets something, the minister reminds him, and if he remembers something, the minister supports him. But if Allah intends otherwise, He appoints an evil minister for him. If the ruler forgets, the minister does not remind him, and if he remembers, the minister does not support him."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَرَادَ اللهُ بِالْأَمِيرِ خَيْرًا جَعَلَ لَهُ وَزِيرَ صِدْقٍ إِنْ نَسِيَ ذَكَّرَهُ وَإِنْ ذَكَرَ أَعَانَهُ وَإِذَا أَرَادَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ جَعَلَ لَهُ وَزِيرَ سُوءٍ إِنْ نَسِيَ لَمْ يُذَكِّرْهُ وَإِنْ ذَكَرَ لَمْ يُعِنْهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said that "the consultant is trustworthy." This was narrated by Abu Awana from Abdul Malik ibn 'Umayr from Abdullah ibn Zubayr. It was also narrated by Abdul Hakim ibn Mansur from Abdul Malik from Abu Salama from Abu al-Haytham ibn Tahiyyan.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمُسْتَشَارُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الْحَكِيمِ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ التَّيْهَانِ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "The counselor is trustworthy." In another narration, it is reported that Al-Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said..."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْمُسْتَشَارُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever attributes to me what I have not said, let him take his seat in the Fire. And whoever consults his brother and he guides him without proper knowledge, then he has betrayed him. And whoever issues a fatwa without it being firmly established, then his sin is upon the one who asked his opinion." This is the saying of Ibn Wahb.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ مَا لَمْ أَقُلْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمَنِ اسْتَشَارَهُ أَخُوهُ فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِغَيْرِ رُشْدِهِ فَقَدْ خَانَهُ وَمَنْ أَفْتَى بِفُتْيَا غَيْرِ ثَبْتٍ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفْتَاهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ  

[Machine] "Do not involve yourself in matters that do not concern you, stay away from your enemies, and keep only a trustworthy friend. For the trustworthy person among the people cannot be equaled by anyone else. Do not accompany the immoral person, as they will teach you their immorality, and do not disclose your secrets to them. Seek advice in your religion from those who fear Allah."  

لَا تَعْرِضَنَّ فِيمَا لَا يَعْنِيكَ وَاعْتَزِلْ عَدُوَّكَ وَاحْتَفِظْ مِنْ خَلِيلِكَ إِلَّا الْأَمِينَ فَإِنَّ الْأَمِينَ مِنِ الْقَوْمِ لَا يَعْدِلُهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَا تَصْحَبِ الْفَاجِرَ يُعَلِّمْكَ مِنْ فُجُورِهِ وَلَا تُفْشِ إِلَيْهِ سِرَّكَ وَاسْتَشِرْ فِي دِينِكَ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ اللهَ ﷻ  

[Machine] "Umar ibn Uthman ibn Abdullah ibn Sa'id, whose name was As-Siram, said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ named him Sa'id. He narrated to me that my grandfather said, 'Whenever Uthman sat on the seat, two opponents would approach him. He would say to one of them, "Go and call Ali," and to the other one, "Go and call Talha and Zubair," along with some of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ . Then he would say to both of them, "Speak," and he would listen to what they had to say. If it aligned with his opinion, he would let them go, otherwise he would consider it later. Then they would both stand up and leave.'"  

عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ وَكَانَ اسْمُهُ الصِّرْمَ فَسَمَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَعِيدًا قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي جَدِّي قَالَ كَانَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ إِذَا جَلَسَ عَلَى الْمَقَاعِدِ جَاءَهُ الْخَصْمَانِ فَقَالَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا اذْهَبِ ادْعُ عَلِيًّا وَقَالَ لِلْآخَرِ اذْهَبِ ادْعُ طَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَنَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُمَا تَكَلَّمَا ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَيَقُولُ مَا تَقُولُونَ؟ فَإِنْ قَالُوا مَا يُوَافِقُ رَأْيَهُ أَمْضَاهُ وَإِلَّا نَظَرَ فِيهِ بَعْدُ فَيَقُومَانِ وَقَدْ سَلِمَا  

[Machine] The tightness/narrowness  

الضِّيقُ  

[Machine] He is that.  

هُوَ ذَاكَ  

[Machine] Consult Tulaicha and Amr bin Ma'di Karib about your war strategy, and do not disregard any of their opinions, for each craftsman knows his own craft best.  

أَنْ شَاوِرْ طُلَيْحَةَ وَعَمْرَو بْنَ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ فِي أَمْرِ حَرْبِكَ وَلَا تُوَلِّهِمَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْئًا فَإِنَّ كُلَّ صَانِعٍ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِصِنَاعَتِهِ  

[Machine] About the Arabic language  

عَنِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ  

[Machine] "Regarding the saying, do not belittle yourselves due to the youthfulness of your teeth, for indeed, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, if he encountered a difficult matter, would call upon the young ones and seek their consultation, seeking the sharpness of their intellects. This is a narration of Ali."  

عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ لَا تَحْقِرُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ لِحَدَاثَةِ أَسْنَانِكُمْ فَإِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ كَانَ إِذَا نَزَلَ بِهِ الْأَمْرُ الْمُعْضِلُ دَعَا الْفِتْيَانَ فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ يَبْتَغِي حِدَّةَ عُقُولِهِمْ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ  

[Machine] If Umar does not consult in a matter, even if he does not consult the woman, maybe he will see something in her opinion or something that he approves of, and he will take it.  

إِنْ كَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَيَسْتَشِيرُ فِي الْأَمْرِ حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ لَيَسْتَشِيرُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَرُبَّمَا أَبْصَرَ فِي قَوْلِهَا أَوِ الشَّيْءَ يَسْتَحْسِنُهُ فَيَأْخُذُ بِهِ  

[Machine] I came to Ali and said, "Indeed, I am more steadfast and courageous than my cousin. If you see fit, would you replace him with me?" He said, "Oh nephew, the insight of an elder is better than the spectacle of a youth."  

أَتَيْتُ عَلِيًّا ؓ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي أَثْبَتُ مِنْ عَمِّي وَأَجْرَأُ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَنِي مَكَانَهُ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي إِنَّ رَأْيَ الشَّيْخِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ مَشْهَدِ الْغُلَامِ  

[Machine] A man came to Ali with his changed son and Ali said, "The advice of an elder is dearer to me than witnessing the beauty of a young person."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى عَلِيًّا ؓ بِابْنٍ لَهُ بَدِيلًا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ رَأْيُ الشَّيْخِ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ مَشْهَدِ الشَّابِّ  

[Machine] One day, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood among us as a preacher. He praised Allah and spoke highly of Him. Then he said, "O people, I am only a human being, and the messenger of my Lord will soon come to me, and I will respond to him. I am leaving behind two weighty things among you, the first of which is the Book of Allah, in which there is guidance and light. Hold firmly to the Book of Allah, and take heed from it." He emphasized the importance of the Book of Allah and encouraged the people to adhere to it. Then he said, "And the people of my household, I remind you of Allah, the Exalted, regarding the people of my household, three times."  

قَامَ فِينَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَطِيبًا فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ رَسُولُ رَبِّي فَأُجِيبَهُ وَإِنِّي تَارِكٌ فِيكُمُ الثَّقَلَيْنِ أَوَّلُهُمَا كِتَابُ اللهِ فِيهِ الْهُدَى وَالنُّورُ فَاسْتَمْسِكُوا بِكِتَابِ اللهِ وَخُذُوا بِهِ فَحَثَّ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ وَرَغَّبَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَأَهْلُ بَيْتِي أُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللهَ تَعَالَى فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِي ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed the people during the Farewell Pilgrimage and said, "O people, I have left among you that which if you hold fast to it, you will never go astray; the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet."  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي قَدْ تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ مَا إِنِ اعْتَصَمْتُمْ بِهِ فَلَنْ تَضِلُّوا أَبَدًا كِتَابُ اللهِ وَسُنَّةُ نَبِيِّهِ  

[Machine] The Prophet of Allah, ﷺ , said: "I have left among you that which if you hold onto, you will never go astray after me. They are the Book of Allah and my Sunnah. They will not separate until they meet me at the Pool."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنِّي قَدْ خَلَّفْتُ فِيكُمْ مَا لَنْ تَضِلُّوا بَعْدَهُمَا مَا أَخَذْتُمْ بِهِمَا أَوْ عَمِلْتُمْ بِهِمَا كِتَابُ اللهِ وَسُنَّتِي وَلَنْ يَفْتَرِقَا حَتَّى يَرِدَا عَلَيَّ الْحَوْضَ  

AbdurRahman ibn Amr as-Sulami and Hujr ibn Hujr said: We came to Irbad ibn Sariyah who was among those about whom the following verse was revealed: "Nor (is there blame) on those who come to thee to be provided with mounts, and when thou saidst: "I can find no mounts for you." We greeted him and said: We have come to see you to give healing and obtain benefit from you. Al-Irbad said: One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in prayer, then faced us and gave us a lengthy exhortation at which the eyes shed tears and the hearts were afraid. A man said: Messenger of Allah! It seems as if it were a farewell exhortation, so what injunction do you give us? He then said: I enjoin you to fear Allah, and to hear and obey even if it be an Abyssinian slave, for those of you who live after me will see great disagreement. You must then follow my sunnah and that of the rightly-guided caliphs. Hold to it and stick fast to it. Avoid novelties, for every novelty is an innovation, and every innovation is an error. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4607)   

صَلَّى لَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَلَاةَ الصُّبْحِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا فَوَعَظَنَا مَوْعِظَةً وَجِلَتْ مِنْهَا الْقُلُوبُ وَذَرَفَتْ مِنْهَا الْعُيُونُ فَقُلْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَأَنَّهَا مَوْعِظَةُ مُوَدِّعٍ فَأَوْصِنَا قَالَ أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللهِ وَالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وَإِنْ تَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَعِشْ مِنْكُمْ فَسَيَرَى اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا فَعَلَيْكُمْ بِسُنَّتِي وَسُنَّةِ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ الْمَهْدِيِّينَ عَضُّوا عَلَيْهَا بِالنَّوَاجِذِ وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحْدَثَاتِ الْأُمُورِ فَإِنَّ كُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الدُّورِيِّ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when he sent Mu'adh to Yemen, said to him, "How will you judge if a matter is presented to you?" He said, "I will judge according to the Book of Allah." He said, "And if you do not find it in the Book of Allah?" He said, "Then I will judge according to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He said, "And if you do not find it in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Then I will strive to form an opinion." He struck his chest with his hand and said, "Praise be to Allah who has granted the Messenger of Allah ﷺ what pleases the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." 20340 And Abu Ali Al-Roudbari informed us that Muhammad ibn Bakr narrated to us, and Abu Dawood Al-Sijistani narrated to us, and Musaddad narrated to us, and Yahya narrated to us from Shu'ba, who narrated to me from Abu Awn, from Al-Harith ibn Amr, from some of the companions of Mu'adh, from Mu'adh ibn Jabal, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when he sent him to Yemen, by implication.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قَالَ لَهُ كَيْفَ تَقْضِي إِذَا عَرَضَ لَكَ قَضَاءٌ؟ قَالَ أَقْضِي بِكِتَابِ اللهِ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْهُ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ قَالَ أَقْضِي بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَجِدْهُ فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ؟ قَالَ أَجْتَهِدُ بِرَأْيٍ لَا آلُو قَالَ فَضَرَبَ بِيَدِهِ فِي صَدْرِي وَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَفَّقَ رَسُولَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لِمَا يُرْضِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ 20340 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ ثنا مُسَدَّدٌ ثنا يَحْيَى عَنْ شُعْبَةَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَوْنٍ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ نَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُعَاذٍ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ بِمَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, would refer to the Book of Allah whenever a disputant came to him. If he found a ruling in it, he would judge accordingly. If he did not find any ruling in the Book, he would then check whether the Prophet ﷺ had a sunnah regarding it. If he knew the sunnah, he would rule accordingly, but if he did not know, he would seek the counsel of the Muslims. He would say, "So and so came to me with such and such matter, and I checked in the Book of Allah and the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but I did not find anything regarding it. Do you know if the Prophet of Allah ﷺ had ruled in this matter?" The group of Muslims may respond, "Yes, he ruled in this way and that," and he would then adhere to the ruling of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Ja'far, and other than him, narrated that Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, would say at such times, "All praise is due to Allah who has placed among us those who preserve the teachings of our Prophet ﷺ, and if fatigue overcomes him, he called upon the leaders of the Muslims and their scholars, and sought their consultation. If their opinions unanimously agreed on a matter, he would make a judgement according to it." Ja'far, and Ma'moon also narrated that Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, would do the same. If he was unable to find a ruling in the Quran and the sunnah, he would check whether Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, had a ruling on it. If Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, had already made a ruling on it, he would follow that ruling. Otherwise, he would call upon the leaders of the Muslims and their scholars, and seek their consultation. If they reached a consensus on a matter, he would make a judgement accordingly.  

كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ إِذَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ خَصْمٌ نَظَرَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَإِنْ وَجَدَ فِيهِ مَا يَقْضِي بِهِ قَضَى بِهِ بَيْنَهُمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ فِي الْكِتَابِ نَظَرَ هَلْ كَانَتْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ؟ فَإِنْ عَلَمِهَا قَضَى بِهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ خَرَجَ فَسَأَلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ أَتَانِي كَذَا وَكَذَا فَنَظَرْتُ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَفِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا فَهَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي ذَلِكَ بِقَضَاءٍ؟ فَرُبَّمَا قَامَ إِلَيْهِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ قَضَى فِيهِ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا فَيَأْخُذُ بِقَضَاءِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ وَحَدَّثَنِي غَيْرُ مَيْمُونٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ كَانَ يَقُولُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِينَا مَنْ يَحْفَظُ عَنْ نَبِيِّنَا ﷺ وَإِنْ أَعْيَاهُ ذَلِكَ دَعَا رُءُوسَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعَلَمَاءَهُمْ فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ قَضَى بِهِ قَالَ جَعْفَرٌ وَحَدَّثَنِي مَيْمُونٌ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ كَانَ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ أَعْيَا أَنْ يَجِدَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ نَظَرَ هَلْ كَانَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فِيهِ قَضَاءٌ؟ فَإِنْ وَجَدَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ قَدْ قَضَى فِيهِ بِقَضَاءٍ قَضَى بِهِ وَإِلَّا دَعَا رُءُوسَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَعُلَمَاءَهُمْ فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى الْأَمْرِ قَضَى بَيْنَهُمْ  

[Machine] That Umar ibn Al-Khattab wrote to him: "If a matter comes to you in the Book of Allah, then judge according to it and do not let people distract you from it. But if something comes to you that is not in the Book of Allah, then look to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah and judge according to it. And if something comes to you that is not in the Book of Allah and there is no Sunnah from the Messenger of Allah concerning it, then look to what the people have agreed upon and follow it. And if something comes to you that is not in the Book of Allah, there is no Sunnah from the Messenger of Allah concerning it, and no one before you has spoken about it, then choose whichever of the two options you wish: if you want, make your own effort and then make a decision accordingly, and if you want, delay making a decision. And I do not see delaying as anything other than good for you."  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا جَاءَكُمْ أَمْرٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ فَاقْضِ بِهِ وَلَا يَلْفِتَنَّكَ عَنْهُ الرِّجَالُ فَإِنْ أَتَاكَ مَا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَانْظُرْ سُنَّةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَاقْضِ بِهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَكَ مَا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَانْظُرْ مَا اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ فَخُذْ بِهِ فَإِنْ جَاءَكَ مَا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ سُنَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ فِيهِ أَحَدٌ قَبْلَكَ فَاخْتَرْ أِيَّ الْأَمْرَيْنِ شِئْتَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تَجْتَهِدَ بِرَأْيِكَ ثُمَّ تُقَدِّمَ فَتُقَدِّمَ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُأَخِّرَ فَتُأَخِّرَ وَلَا أَرَى التَّأَخُّرَ إِلَّا خَيْرًا لَكَ  

[Machine] Abdullah ibn Mas'ood said, "O people, a time has come upon us in which we are not the ones passing judgments and we are not there. Indeed, Allah has informed us of what you see. So whoever is presented with a matter after today, let him judge according to what is in the Book of Allah. And if a matter comes to him that is not in the Book of Allah but was decreed by the Messenger of Allah, let him judge according to it. And if a matter comes to him that is not in the Book of Allah and was not decreed by the Messenger of Allah, let him judge according to what the righteous have decreed. And if a matter comes to him that is not in the Book of Allah, was not decreed by the Messenger of Allah, and the righteous have not decreed it, then he should use ijtihaad and not say, 'I fear' or 'I think.' Indeed, the halal (permissible) is clear and the haram (forbidden) is clear, and between them are matters that are doubtful. So leave what makes you doubt for that which does not make you doubt." This narration was reported by Shu'bah from Al-A'mash from Umamah ibn Umair from Huraith ibn Zuhair from Abdullah ibn Mas'ood. Abu Nasr ibn Qatadah informed us, who was informed by Abu Al-Husayn Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Quhistani, who informed us, who was informed by Abu Umar, who was informed by Shu'bah, who was informed by Al-A'mash, who mentioned it.  

قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ أَتَى عَلَيْنَا زَمَانٌ لَسْنَا نَقْضِي وَلَسْنَا هُنَالِكَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ قَدْ بَلَّغَنَا مَا تَرَوْنَ فَمَنْ عَرَضَ لَهُ مِنْكُمْ قَضَاءٌ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ فَلْيَقْضِ فِيهِ بِمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ فَإِنْ أَتَاهُ أَمْرٌ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ فَلْيَقْضِ فِيهِ بِمَا قَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَإِنْ أَتَاهُ أَمْرٌ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ وَلَمْ يَقْضِ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلْيَقْضِ بِمَا قَضَى بِهِ الصَّالِحُونَ فَإِنْ أَتَاهُ أَمْرٌ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَلَمْ يَقْضِ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَقْضِ بِهِ الصَّالِحُونَ فَلْيَجْتَهِدْ رَأْيَهُ وَلَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ إِنِّي أَخَافُ وَإِنِّي أَرَى فَإِنَّ الْحَلَالَ بَيِّنٌ وَالْحَرَامَ بَيِّنٌ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ أُمُورٌ مُشْتَبِهَةٌ فَدَعْ مَا يَرِيبُكَ إِلَى مَا لَا يَرِيبُكَ 20344 وَرَوَاهُ شُعْبَةُ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حُرَيْثِ بْنِ ظُهَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بِمَعْنَاهُ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ أنبأ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْقُهُسْتَانِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ أنبأ أَبُو عُمَرَ ثنا شُعْبَةُ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] Zaid, decide according to the book of Allah. If it is not found in the book of Allah, then according to the tradition of the Prophet. If it is not found in the tradition of the Prophet, then consult the people of knowledge and strive and choose for yourself, and there is no problem.  

زَيْدٌ اقْضِ بِكِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَفِي سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي سُنَّةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَادْعُ أَهْلَ الرَّأْيِ ثُمَّ اجْتَهِدْ وَاخْتَرْ لِنَفْسِكَ وَلَا حَرَجَ  

[Machine] "And if it is not in the Book of Allah and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said it, then he said it, and if it is not in the Book of Allah and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not say it, but Abu Bakr and Umar said it, then he said it. Otherwise, he should exert his opinion."  

وَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَقَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ بِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ وَلَمْ يَقُلْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ قَالَ بِهِ وَإِلَّا اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ  

[Machine] This is a book written by Umar to Abu Musa. In it, he mentions understanding and comprehending what agitates your chest from what has not been conveyed to you in the Quran and Sunnah. So, acquaint yourself with proverbs and similes, then assess matters accordingly. Establish a foundation towards what is beloved to Allah and similar to it in what you see.  

هَذَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ ؓ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى ؓ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فِيهِ الْفَهْمَ الْفَهْمَ فِيمَا يَخْتَلِجُ فِي صَدْرِكَ مِمَّا لَمْ يَبْلُغْكَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَالسُّنَّةِ فَتَعَرَّفِ الْأَمْثَالَ وَالْأَشْبَاهَ ثُمَّ قِسِ الْأُمُورَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَاعْمِدْ إِلَى أَحَبِّهَا إِلَى اللهِ وَأَشْبَهِهَا فِيمَا تَرَى  

[Machine] And he said, "No, rather write down what Omar saw. If it is correct, then it is from Allah, and if it is a mistake, then it is from Omar."  

وَقَالَ لَا بَلِ اكْتُبْ هَذَا مَا رَأَى عُمَرُ فَإِنْ كَانَ صَوَابًا فَمِنَ اللهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ خَطَأً فَمِنْ عُمَرَ  

[Machine] He said, "Verily, a man should not imitate another man's religion. If he believes, then he believes, and if he disbelieves, then he disbelieves. If he insists on imitating, there is no doubt that he should imitate the deceased and leave the living, for verily, the living are not safe from trials."  

قَالُ أَلَا لَا يُقَلِّدَنَّ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا دِينَهُ فَإِنْ آمَنَ آمَنَ وَإِنْ كَفَرَ كَفَرَ فَإِنْ كَانَ مُقَلِّدًا لَا مَحَالَةَ فَلْيُقَلِّدِ الْمَيِّتَ وَيَتْرُكَ الْحِيَّ فَإِنَّ الْحِيَّ لَا تُؤْمَنُ عَلَيْهِ الْفِتْنَةُ  

[Machine] I went to the Prophet ﷺ with a golden cross necklace around my neck. He said, "I heard him say, 'They have taken their scholars and monks as lords besides Allah' [at-Tawbah 9:31]." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, they did not worship them." He said, "Indeed, but they made permissible for them what Allah had forbidden and they forbade for them what Allah had made permissible. So, that is their worship of them."  

أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَفِي عُنُقِي صَلِيبٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ قَالَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ {اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ} [التوبة 31] قَالَ قُلْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا يَعْبُدُونَهُمْ قَالَ أَجَلْ وَلَكِنْ يُحِلُّونَ لَهُمْ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ فَيَسْتَحِلُّونَهُ وَيُحَرِّمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ فَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ فَتِلْكَ عِبَادَتُهُمْ لَهُمْ  

[Machine] About this verse "They have taken their scholars and monks as lords besides Allah," [Surah At-Tawbah 31], did they pray to them? He said, "No, but they made permissible for them what Allah had forbidden and they made forbidden for them what Allah had made permissible, so they became like lords with that, which is an added speech."  

عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونَ اللهِ} [التوبة 31] أَكَانُوا يُصَلُّونَ لَهُمْ؟ قَالَ لَا وَلَكِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُحِلُّونَ لَهُمْ مَا حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَسْتَحِلُّونَهُ وَيُحَرِّمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ لَهُمْ فَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ فَصَارُوا بِذَلِكَ أَرْبَابًا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ زَائِدَةَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Verily, Allah does not take away knowledge by snatching it from the people, but He takes away knowledge by causing the death of scholars until, when there remains no scholar, people take ignorant leaders who, when consulted, give rulings without knowledge, thus they go astray and lead others astray with them." This is the wording of the hadith of Abu al-Abbas.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَنْزِعُ الْعِلْمَ انْتِزَاعًا يَنْتَزِعُهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلَكِنْ يَقْبِضُ الْعُلَمَاءَ حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَتْرُكْ عَالِمًا اتَّخَذَ النَّاسُ رُءُوسًا جُهَّالًا فَأَفْتَوْا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ فَضَلُّوا وَأَضَلُّوا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whoever attributes to me what I did not say, let him prepare a place for himself in Hell. And whoever issues a fatwa without knowledge, his sin is upon the one who issued it. And whoever points towards his brother with a matter that he knows is false, then he has betrayed him."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ مَا لَمْ أَقُلْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ بَيْتًا فِي جَهَنَّمَ وَمَنْ أَفْتَى بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ كَانَ إِثْمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفْتَاهُ وَمَنْ أَشَارَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ بِأَمْرٍ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الرُّشْدَ فِي غَيْرِهِ فَقَدْ خَانَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There are three types of judges: two in Hellfire and one in Paradise. The man who knows the truth and judges accordingly is in Paradise. The man who judges among people out of ignorance is in Hellfire. And the man who knows the truth but acts unjustly is in Hellfire. We say that when a judge strives to reach a verdict, he is not held accountable. The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'His effort without knowledge will not guide him to the truth except by coincidence. He does not have permission to do so.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْقُضَاةُ ثَلَاثَةٌ اثْنَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَوَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ رَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ فَقَضَى بِهِ فَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَرَجُلٌ قَضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْجَهْلِ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَرَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ فَجَارَ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ لَقُلْنَا إِنَّ الْقَاضِيَ إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ اجْتِهَادُهُ بِغَيْرِ عَلِمٍ لَا يَهْدِيهِ إِلَى الْحَقِّ إِلَّا اتِّفَاقًا فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَأْذُونًا لَهُ فِيهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There are three types of judges: one judge in Hellfire, and a judge in Paradise. The judge who judges without justice, knowing the truth, is in Hellfire. The judge who judges without knowledge, destroying people's rights, is also in Hellfire. The judge who judges with justice is in Paradise." And Abu Sa'ad al-Maliniyy narrated to us, who narrated from Abu Ahmed bin Adi, who narrated from Al-Hassan bin Sufyan, who narrated from Hirmalah, who narrated from Ibn Wahb, who narrated from Hatim bin Ismail, who narrated from Shareek, and he mentioned it in a similar manner.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْقُضَاةُ ثَلَاثَةٌ قَاضِيَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ قَاضٍ قَضَى بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَذَاكَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ قَضَى وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ فَأَهْلَكَ حُقُوقَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ فَذَاكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ 20356 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا حَرْمَلَةُ ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ثنا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ  

[Machine] "Three are in the fire, and one is in paradise. As for the two who are in the fire, one is a neighbor who intentionally lies, and the other is a man who made a mistake in his opinion. But as for the one in paradise, he is a man who made an effort in his opinion and was correct. I then asked Abu Al-A'laiah, 'What is the matter with the one who made an effort in his opinion and was wrong?' He said, 'If he wanted, he would not have sat down to judge without being competent in judging.' The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the explanation of Abu Al-A'laiah on the one who does not judge competently is evidence that the report has reached someone who made an effort in his opinion, but is not qualified to do so. However, if he is qualified to make an effort in what permits ijtihad, his mistake is lifted by the judgment of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the hadith of Amr ibn al-As and Abu Hurairah. And success is by Allah's guidance."  

ثَلَاثَةٌ فَاثْنَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَوَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَأَمَّا اللَّذَانِ فِي النَّارِ فَرَجُلٌ جَارَ عَنِ الْحَقِّ مُتَعَمِّدًا وَرَجُلٌ اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ فَأَخْطَأَ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَرَجُلٌ اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ فِي الْحَقِّ فَأَصَابَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ مَا بَالُ هَذَا الَّذِي اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ فِي الْحَقِّ فَأَخْطَأَ؟ قَالَ لَوْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَجْلِسْ يَقْضِي وَهُوَ لَا يُحْسِنُ يَقْضِي قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ يَقْضِي دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْخَبَرَ وَرَدَ فِيمَنِ اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ وَهُوَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فَأَخْطَأَ فِيمَا يَسُوغُ فِيهِ الِاجْتِهَادُ رُفِعَ عَنْهُ خَطَؤُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ بِحُكْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] "And he (the Prophet) was on the pulpit, O people, indeed the opinion is only from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and is a mistake because Allah has shown him that it is only from our own thinking and pretence. The Sheikh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: indeed what is intended by it, and Allah knows best, is an opinion that does not resemble an origin and in its meaning, and it invalidates what has been narrated from him and from others in criticising opinions. We have narrated from most of them the diligence in forming opinions in places other than the text, and Allah knows best."  

وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الرَّأْيَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مُصِيبًا لِأَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ كَانَ يُرِيهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَّا الظَّنُّ وَالتَّكَلُّفُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ الرَّأْيَ الَّذِي لَا يَكُونُ مُشْبِهًا بِأَصْلٍ وَفِي مَعْنَاهُ وَرَدَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِ فِي ذَمِّ الرَّأْيِ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَكْثَرِهِمُ اجْتِهَادَ الرَّأْيِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِ النَّصِّ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Woe to those who are unjust on the earth, they will have a terrible fate on the day they meet Him. Except for those who uphold justice and make rulings based on truth, and who do not let personal desires, family ties, temptations, or fears influence their judgments. And Allah has made His Book a clear guide for them.  

وَيْلٌ لِدَيَّانِ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ دَيَّانِ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ يَوْمَ يَلْقَوْنَهُ إِلَّا مَنْ أَمَّ الْعَدْلَ وَقَضَى بِالْحَقِّ وَلَمْ يَقْضِ عَلَى هَوًى وَلَا عَلَى قَرَابَةٍ وَلَا عَلَى رَغَبٍ وَلَا عَلَى رَهَبٍ وَجَعَلَ كِتَابَ اللهِ مَرْآةً بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ  

[Machine] "Have you perished and caused others to perish?"  

هَلَكْتَ وَأَهْلَكْتَ  

[Machine] To become a judge, one must possess five qualities. If he commits one mistake, he will have one blemish. If he commits two mistakes, he will have two blemishes. He should be knowledgeable about what came before him, consult with those who have opinions, have integrity, be free from greed, be forbearing, and be capable of bearing the burden of sins.  

أَنْ يَكُونَ قَاضِيًا حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِيهِ خَمْسُ خِصَالٍ فَإِنْ أَخْطَأَتْهُ وَاحِدَةٌ كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَصْمَةٌ وَإِنْ أَخْطَأَتْهُ اثْنَتَانِ كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَصْمَتَانِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ عَالِمًا بِمَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ مُسْتَشِيرًا لِذِي الرَّأْيِ ذَا نَزَاهَةٍ عَنِ الطَّمَعِ حَلِيمًا عَنِ الْخَصْمِ مُحْتَمِلًا لِلْأَثَمَةِ  

During the days (of the battle) of Al-Jamal, Allah benefited me with a word I had heard from Allah's Apostle after I had been about to join the Companions of Al-Jamal (i.e. the camel) and fight along with them. When Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed that the Persians had crowned the daughter of Khosrau as their ruler, he said, "Such people as ruled by a lady will never be successful." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4425)   

قَدْ نَفَعَنِي اللهُ بِكَلِمَةٍ سَمِعْتُهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بَعْدَمَا كِدْتُ أَنْ أَلْحَقَ بِأَصْحَابِ الْجَمَلِ فَأُقَاتِلَ مَعَهُمْ بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ أَهْلَ فَارِسٍ مَلَّكُوا عَلَيْهِمُ ابْنَةَ كِسْرَى فَقَالَ لَنْ يُفْلِحَ قَوْمٌ وَلَّوْا أَمْرَهُمُ امْرَأَةً لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْحَرْبِيِّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ مَلَّكُوا أَمْرَهُمُ امْرَأَةً  

While the Prophet ﷺ was saying something in a gathering, a Bedouin came and asked him, "When would the Hour (Doomsday) take place?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ continued his talk, so some people said that Messenger of Allah ﷺ had heard the question, but did not like what that Bedouin had asked. Some of them said that Messenger of Allah ﷺ had not heard it. When the Prophet ﷺ finished his speech, he said, "Where is the questioner, who inquired about the Hour (Doomsday)?" The Bedouin said, "I am here, O Allah's Apostle ." Then the Prophet ﷺ said, "When honesty is lost, then wait for the Hour (Doomsday)." The Bedouin said, "How will that be lost?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "When the power or authority comes in the hands of unfit persons, then wait for the Hour (Doomsday.)" (Using translation from Bukhārī 59)   

بَيْنَمَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ يُحَدِّثُ الْقَوْمَ حَدِيثًا جَاءَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ وَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُحَدِّثُ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ سَمِعَ مَا قَالَ فَكَرِهَ مَا قَالَ وَقَالَ بَعْضٌ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ حَتَّى إِذَا قَضَى حَدِيثَهُ قَالَ أَيْنَ السَّائِلُ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ؟ قَالَ هَذَا أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ إِذَا ضُيِّعَتِ الْأَمَانَةُ فَانْتَظِرِ السَّاعَةَ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا إِضَاعَتُهَا؟ قَالَ إِذَا أُسْنِدُ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَهْلِهِ فَانْتَظِرِ السَّاعَةَ  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has betrayed Allah, His Prophet, and all Muslims whoever employs a worker from among the Muslims while he knows that there are others who are more deserving of that and is also more knowledgeable of the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet."  

رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَنِ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَامِلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ فِيهِمْ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ وَأَعْلَمُ بِكِتَابِ اللهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ فَقَدْ خَانَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَجَمِيعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ