[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Verily, Allah does not take away knowledge by snatching it from the people, but He takes away knowledge by causing the death of scholars until, when there remains no scholar, people take ignorant leaders who, when consulted, give rulings without knowledge, thus they go astray and lead others astray with them." This is the wording of the hadith of Abu al-Abbas.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَنْزِعُ الْعِلْمَ انْتِزَاعًا يَنْتَزِعُهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلَكِنْ يَقْبِضُ الْعُلَمَاءَ حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَتْرُكْ عَالِمًا اتَّخَذَ النَّاسُ رُءُوسًا جُهَّالًا فَأَفْتَوْا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ فَضَلُّوا وَأَضَلُّوا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whoever attributes to me what I did not say, let him prepare a place for himself in Hell. And whoever issues a fatwa without knowledge, his sin is upon the one who issued it. And whoever points towards his brother with a matter that he knows is false, then he has betrayed him."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَالَ عَلَيَّ مَا لَمْ أَقُلْ فَلْيَتَبَوَّأْ بَيْتًا فِي جَهَنَّمَ وَمَنْ أَفْتَى بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ كَانَ إِثْمُهُ عَلَى مَنْ أَفْتَاهُ وَمَنْ أَشَارَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ بِأَمْرٍ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الرُّشْدَ فِي غَيْرِهِ فَقَدْ خَانَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There are three types of judges: two in Hellfire and one in Paradise. The man who knows the truth and judges accordingly is in Paradise. The man who judges among people out of ignorance is in Hellfire. And the man who knows the truth but acts unjustly is in Hellfire. We say that when a judge strives to reach a verdict, he is not held accountable. The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'His effort without knowledge will not guide him to the truth except by coincidence. He does not have permission to do so.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْقُضَاةُ ثَلَاثَةٌ اثْنَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَوَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ رَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ فَقَضَى بِهِ فَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَرَجُلٌ قَضَى بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْجَهْلِ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَرَجُلٌ عَرَفَ الْحَقَّ فَجَارَ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ لَقُلْنَا إِنَّ الْقَاضِيَ إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ اجْتِهَادُهُ بِغَيْرِ عَلِمٍ لَا يَهْدِيهِ إِلَى الْحَقِّ إِلَّا اتِّفَاقًا فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَأْذُونًا لَهُ فِيهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There are three types of judges: one judge in Hellfire, and a judge in Paradise. The judge who judges without justice, knowing the truth, is in Hellfire. The judge who judges without knowledge, destroying people's rights, is also in Hellfire. The judge who judges with justice is in Paradise." And Abu Sa'ad al-Maliniyy narrated to us, who narrated from Abu Ahmed bin Adi, who narrated from Al-Hassan bin Sufyan, who narrated from Hirmalah, who narrated from Ibn Wahb, who narrated from Hatim bin Ismail, who narrated from Shareek, and he mentioned it in a similar manner.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْقُضَاةُ ثَلَاثَةٌ قَاضِيَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ فِي الْجَنَّةِ قَاضٍ قَضَى بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَذَاكَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ قَضَى وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ فَأَهْلَكَ حُقُوقَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ فِي النَّارِ وَقَاضٍ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ فَذَاكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ 20356 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا حَرْمَلَةُ ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ثنا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ  

[Machine] "Three are in the fire, and one is in paradise. As for the two who are in the fire, one is a neighbor who intentionally lies, and the other is a man who made a mistake in his opinion. But as for the one in paradise, he is a man who made an effort in his opinion and was correct. I then asked Abu Al-A'laiah, 'What is the matter with the one who made an effort in his opinion and was wrong?' He said, 'If he wanted, he would not have sat down to judge without being competent in judging.' The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said that the explanation of Abu Al-A'laiah on the one who does not judge competently is evidence that the report has reached someone who made an effort in his opinion, but is not qualified to do so. However, if he is qualified to make an effort in what permits ijtihad, his mistake is lifted by the judgment of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the hadith of Amr ibn al-As and Abu Hurairah. And success is by Allah's guidance."  

ثَلَاثَةٌ فَاثْنَانِ فِي النَّارِ وَوَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَأَمَّا اللَّذَانِ فِي النَّارِ فَرَجُلٌ جَارَ عَنِ الْحَقِّ مُتَعَمِّدًا وَرَجُلٌ اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ فَأَخْطَأَ وَأَمَّا الَّذِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَرَجُلٌ اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ فِي الْحَقِّ فَأَصَابَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ مَا بَالُ هَذَا الَّذِي اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ فِي الْحَقِّ فَأَخْطَأَ؟ قَالَ لَوْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَجْلِسْ يَقْضِي وَهُوَ لَا يُحْسِنُ يَقْضِي قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُحْسِنْ يَقْضِي دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْخَبَرَ وَرَدَ فِيمَنِ اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ وَهُوَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الِاجْتِهَادِ فَأَخْطَأَ فِيمَا يَسُوغُ فِيهِ الِاجْتِهَادُ رُفِعَ عَنْهُ خَطَؤُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ بِحُكْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ  

[Machine] "And he (the Prophet) was on the pulpit, O people, indeed the opinion is only from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and is a mistake because Allah has shown him that it is only from our own thinking and pretence. The Sheikh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: indeed what is intended by it, and Allah knows best, is an opinion that does not resemble an origin and in its meaning, and it invalidates what has been narrated from him and from others in criticising opinions. We have narrated from most of them the diligence in forming opinions in places other than the text, and Allah knows best."  

وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الرَّأْيَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مُصِيبًا لِأَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ كَانَ يُرِيهِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَّا الظَّنُّ وَالتَّكَلُّفُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ الرَّأْيَ الَّذِي لَا يَكُونُ مُشْبِهًا بِأَصْلٍ وَفِي مَعْنَاهُ وَرَدَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِ فِي ذَمِّ الرَّأْيِ فَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ أَكْثَرِهِمُ اجْتِهَادَ الرَّأْيِ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعِ النَّصِّ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Woe to those who are unjust on the earth, they will have a terrible fate on the day they meet Him. Except for those who uphold justice and make rulings based on truth, and who do not let personal desires, family ties, temptations, or fears influence their judgments. And Allah has made His Book a clear guide for them.  

وَيْلٌ لِدَيَّانِ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ دَيَّانِ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ يَوْمَ يَلْقَوْنَهُ إِلَّا مَنْ أَمَّ الْعَدْلَ وَقَضَى بِالْحَقِّ وَلَمْ يَقْضِ عَلَى هَوًى وَلَا عَلَى قَرَابَةٍ وَلَا عَلَى رَغَبٍ وَلَا عَلَى رَهَبٍ وَجَعَلَ كِتَابَ اللهِ مَرْآةً بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ  

[Machine] "Have you perished and caused others to perish?"  

هَلَكْتَ وَأَهْلَكْتَ  

[Machine] To become a judge, one must possess five qualities. If he commits one mistake, he will have one blemish. If he commits two mistakes, he will have two blemishes. He should be knowledgeable about what came before him, consult with those who have opinions, have integrity, be free from greed, be forbearing, and be capable of bearing the burden of sins.  

أَنْ يَكُونَ قَاضِيًا حَتَّى يَكُونَ فِيهِ خَمْسُ خِصَالٍ فَإِنْ أَخْطَأَتْهُ وَاحِدَةٌ كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَصْمَةٌ وَإِنْ أَخْطَأَتْهُ اثْنَتَانِ كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَصْمَتَانِ حَتَّى يَكُونَ عَالِمًا بِمَا كَانَ قَبْلَهُ مُسْتَشِيرًا لِذِي الرَّأْيِ ذَا نَزَاهَةٍ عَنِ الطَّمَعِ حَلِيمًا عَنِ الْخَصْمِ مُحْتَمِلًا لِلْأَثَمَةِ