65. Etiquettes of Judements

٦٥۔ كِتَابُ آدَابِ الْقَاضِي

65.27 [Machine] The Problem of the Judge Regarding the Status of Witnesses: Among People There Are the Righteous and the Wicked, the Trustworthy and the Treacherous, and Allah Almighty has said: "Choose from among the witnesses whom you approve." [Al-Baqarah: 282]

٦٥۔٢٧ بَابُ مَسْأَلَةِ الْقَاضِي عَنْ أَحْوَالِ الشُّهُودِ فَفِي النَّاسِ بَرٌّ وَفَاجِرٌ وَأَمِينٌ وَخَائِنٌ , وَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {مِمَّنْ تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ} [البقرة: 282]

bayhaqi:20385[Chain 1] Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ And ʾAbū Saʿīd b. Abū ʿAmr > Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb > al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad al-Dūrī > Abū Dāwud al-Ḥafarī > Sufyān al-Thawrī > al-Aʿmash [Chain 2] Jaddī Yaḥyá b. Manṣūr al-Qāḍī > Aḥmad b. Salamah > Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm > ʿĪsá b. Yūnus > al-Aʿmash > Zayd b. Wahb > Ḥudhayfah ؓ

Messenger of Allah ﷺ narrated to us two narrations, one of which I have seen (happening) and I am waiting for the other. He narrated that honesty was preserved in the roots of the hearts of men (in the beginning) and then they learnt it (honesty) from the Qur'an, and then they learnt it from the (Prophet's) Sunna (tradition). He also told us about its disappearance, saying, "A man will go to sleep whereupon honesty will be taken away from his heart, and only its trace will remain, resembling the traces of fire. He then will sleep whereupon the remainder of the honesty will also be taken away (from his heart) and its trace will resemble a blister which is raised over the surface of skin, when an ember touches one's foot; and in fact, this blister does not contain anything. So there will come a day when people will deal in business with each other but there will hardly be any trustworthy persons among them. Then it will be said that in such-and-such a tribe there is such-and-such person who is honest, and a man will be admired for his intelligence, good manners and strength, though indeed he will not have belief equal to a mustard seed in his heart."

The narrator added: There came upon me a time when I did not mind dealing with anyone of you, for if he was a Muslim, his religion would prevent him from cheating; and if he was a Christian, his Muslim ruler would prevent him from cheating; but today I cannot deal except with so-and-so and so-and-so. (Using translation from Bukhārī 6497)   

البيهقي:٢٠٣٨٥أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ ح وَأنبأ أَبُو صَالِحِ بْنُ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ أنبأ جَدِّي يَحْيَى بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أنبأ عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ ؓ قَالَ

حَدَّثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِحَدِيثَيْنِ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا وَأَنَا أَنْتَظِرُ الْآخَرَ حَدَّثَنَا أَنَّ الْأَمَانَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِي جَذْرِ قُلُوبِ الرِّجَالِ فَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فَعَلِمُوا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَعَلِمُوا مِنَ السُّنَّةِ ثُمَّ حَدَّثَنَا عَنَ رَفْعِهَا فَقَالَ يَنَامُ الرَّجُلُ نَوْمَةً فَتُقْبَضُ الْأَمَانَةُ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ فَيَبْقَى أَثَرُهَا مِثْلَ أَثَرِ الْوَكْتِ ثُمَّ يَنَامُ الرَّجُلُ نَوْمَةً فَتُقْبَضُ الْأَمَانَةُ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ فَيَبْقَى أَثَرُهَا مِثْلَ أَثَرِ الْمَجْلِ كَجَمْرٍ دَحْرَجْتَهُ عَلَى رِجْلِكَ فَنَفِطَ فَتَرَاهُ مُنْتَبِرًا وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَيُصْبِحُ النَّاسُ يَتَبَايَعُونَ وَلَا يَكَادُ أَحَدٌ يُؤَدِّي حَتَّى يُقَالَ إِنَّ فِي بَنِي فُلَانٍ رَجُلًا أَمِينًا وَحَتَّى يُقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ مَا أَجْلَدَهُ وَأَظْرَفَهُ وَأَعْقَلَهُ وَلَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ مِثْقَالُ حَبَّةِ خَرْدَلٍ مِنْ خَيْرٍ قَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ ؓ وَلَقَدْ أَتَى عَلَيَّ زَمَانٌ وَمَا أُبَالِي أَيُّكُمْ بَايَعْتُهُ لَئِنْ كَانَ مُؤْمِنًا لَيَرُدَّنَّ عَلَيَّ دِينُهُ وَلَئِنْ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا أَوْ نَصْرَانِيًّا لَيَرُدَّنَّ عَلَيَّ سَاعِيهِ فَأَمَّا الْيَوْمُ فَمَا كُنْتُ أُبَايِعُ إِلَّا فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَرَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
bayhaqi:20386Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Yūsuf al-Aṣbahānī > Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan al-Qaṭṭān > ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-Hilālī > Yaḥyá b. Ḥammād > Abū ʿAwānah > Bayān > Qays > Ibn Abū Ḥāzim > Mirdās al-Aslamī ؓ

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, he said: "The righteous ones will depart one after another, until only a handful will remain, like a handful of barley or dates, and Allah will not care about them at all."  

البيهقي:٢٠٣٨٦حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الْقَطَّانُ أنبأ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهِلَالِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ بَيَانٍ عَنْ قَيْسٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ مِرْدَاسٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ ؓ

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ يَذْهَبُ الصَّالِحُونَ الْأَوَّلُ فَالْأَوَّلُ وَيَبْقَى حُفَالَةٌ مِثْلُ حُفَالَةِ الشَّعِيرِ أَوِ التَّمْرِ وَلَا يُبَالِيهِمُ اللهُ بَالًا  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَمَّادٍ
bayhaqi:20387Abū ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥāfiẓ > Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb > al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad al-Dūrī > Muḥāḍir > al-Aʿmash > Ibrāhīm > ʿAbīdah > ʿAbdullāh

The Prophet ﷺ said, "The best people are those of my generation, and then those who will come after them (the next generation), and then those who will come after them (i.e. the next generation), and then after them, there will come people whose witness will precede their oaths, and whose oaths will precede their witness." (Using translation from Bukhārī 6429)   

البيهقي:٢٠٣٨٧أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّورِيُّ ثنا مُحَاضِرٌ ثنا الْأَعْمَشُ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبِيْدَةَ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْرُ النَّاسِ قَرْنِي ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ قَوْمٌ تَسْبِقُ أَيْمَانُهُمْ شَهَادَتَهُمْ وَشَهَادَتُهُمْ أَيْمَانَهُمْ  

أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ
bayhaqi:20388Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbdān > Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Maḥmawayh al-ʿAskarī > Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad al-Qalānisī > Ādam b. Abū Iyās > Shuʿbah > Abū Jamrah > Zahdam b. Muḍarrib > ʿImrān b. Ḥuṣayn

I heard ʿImran bin Husain saying, "The Prophet ﷺ said, 'The best people are those living in my generation, then those coming after them, and then those coming after (the second generation)." ʿImran said "I do not know whether the Prophet ﷺ mentioned two or three generations after your present generation. The Prophet ﷺ added, 'There will be some people after you, who will be dishonest and will not be trustworthy and will give witness (evidences) without being asked to give witness, and will vow but will not fulfill their vows, and obesity will appear among them." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2651)   

البيهقي:٢٠٣٨٨أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَحْمَوَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ ثنا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ ثنا شُعْبَةُ ثنا أَبُو جَمْرَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ زَهْدَمَ بْنَ مُضَرِّبٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ؓ يَقُولُ

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْرُكُمْ قَرْنِي ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُمْ قَالَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ لَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ قَرْنِهِ قَرْنَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ بَعْدَكُمْ قَوْمًا يَخُونُونَ وَلَا يُؤْتَمَنُونَ وَيَشْهَدُونَ وَلَا يُسْتَشْهَدُونَ وَيَنْذِرُونَ وَلَا يَفُونَ وَيَظْهَرُ فِيهِمُ السِّمَنُ  

رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ آدَمَ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ