65. Etiquettes of Judements

٦٥۔ كِتَابُ آدَابِ الْقَاضِي

65.59 [Machine] The judge does not accept the testimony of the witness except with a statement from the opposing party who is witnessed against, and does not rule in absentia.

٦٥۔٥٩ بَابُ الْقَاضِي لَا يَقْبَلُ شَهَادَةَ الشَّاهِدِ إِلَّا بِمَحْضَرٍ مِنَ الْخَصْمِ الْمَشْهُودِ عَلَيْهِ , وَلَا يَقْضِي عَلَى الْغَائِبِ

bayhaqi:20486Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-Rūdhbārī > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar b. Aḥmad b. Shawdhab al-Wāsiṭī Bihā > Shuʿayb b. Ayyūb > Muḥammad b. ʿAbdullāh al-Anṣārī > Ḥātim b. Abū Ṣaghīrah > Simāk b. Ḥarb > Ḥanash b. al-Muʿtamir > ʿAlī

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah sent me to Yemen, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, you send me to a people where I must pass judgement among them and I am young and have little knowledge of judgement?" He said to me, "O Ali, when one of the two disputing parties comes to you, listen to what they have to say, but do not pass judgement until you have also heard from the other party, just as you have heard from the first one. Then, it will become clear to you how to pass judgement." I continued to be a judge like this, as narrated by Hatim ibn Abi Saghira.  

البيهقي:٢٠٤٨٦أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ بِهَا ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَنْ حَاتِمِ بْنِ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ حَنَشِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تَبْعَثُنِي إِلَى قَوْمٍ أَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِالْقَضَاءِ؟ فَقَالَ لِي يَا عَلِيُّ إِذَا أَتَاكَ أَحَدُ الْخَصْمَيْنِ فَسَمِعْتَ مِنْهُ فَلَا تَقْضِ لَهُ حَتَّى تَسْتَمِعَ مِنَ الْآخَرِ كَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنِ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّهُ يَتَبَيَّنُ لَكَ الْقَضَاءُ قَالَ فَمَا زِلْتُ قَاضِيًا كَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ حَاتِمِ بْنِ أَبِي صَغِيرَةَ  

bayhaqi:20487my father

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to the Yemen as judge, and I asked: Messenger of Allah, are you sending me when I am young and have no knowledge of the duties of a judge? He replied: Allah will guide your heart and keep your tongue true. When two litigants sit in front of you, do not decide till you hear what the other has to say as you heard what the first had to say; for it is best that you should have a clear idea of the best decision. He said: I had been a judge (for long); or he said (the narrator is doubtful): I have no doubts about a decision afterwards. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3582)   

البيهقي:٢٠٤٨٧وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ السُّنَنِ لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ أنبأ شَرِيكٌ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنْ حَنَشٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قَاضِيًا فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تُرْسِلُنِي وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ وَلَا عِلْمَ لِي بِالْقَضَاءِ؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ سَيَهْدِي قَلْبَكَ وَيُثَبِّتُ لِسَانَكَ فَإِذَا جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ الْخَصْمَانِ فَلَا تَقْضِيَنَّ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مِنَ الْآخَرِ كَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّهُ أَحْرَى أَنْ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الْقَضَاءُ قَالَ فَمَا زِلْتُ قَاضِيًا أَوْ مَا شَكَكْتُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَعْدُ وَهَذَا يَتَنَاوَلُ الْمَوْضِعَ الَّذِي يَحْضُرُهُ الْخَصْمَانِ جَمِيعًا وَبِمَعْنَاهُ  

رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ شَرِيكٍ
bayhaqi:20488Abū Bakr b. Fūrak > ʿAbdullāh b. Jaʿfar > Yūnus b. Ḥabīb > Abū Dāwud > Sharīk And Zāʾidah Wasulaymān b. Muʿādh > Simāk b. Ḥarb > Ḥanash b. al-Muʿtamir > ʿAlī ؓ

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen, I said, "You are sending me while I am young and have little knowledge of the rulings?" So he said to me, "When the disputing parties come to you, do not decide in favor of the first one until you hear what the other says. For when you hear what the other says, you will know how to judge, as Allah will strengthen your tongue and guide your heart." Ali said, "I have continued to be a judge since then."  

البيهقي:٢٠٤٨٨أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ فُورَكٍ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا شَرِيكٌ وَزَائِدَةُ وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ قَالُوا ثنا سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ عَنْ حَنَشِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ

لَمَّا بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قُلْتُ تَبْعَثُنِي وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ لَا عِلْمَ لِي بِكَثِيرٍ مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ؟ فَقَالَ لِي إِذَا أَتَاكَ الْخَصْمَانِ فَلَا تَقْضِ لِلْأَوَّلِ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مَا يَقُولُ الْآخَرُ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا سَمِعْتَ مَا يَقُولُ الْآخَرُ عَرَفْتَ كَيْفَ تَقْضِي إِنَّ اللهَ سَيُثَبِّتُ لِسَانَكَ وَيَهْدِي قَلْبَكَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ فَمَا زِلْتُ قَاضِيًا بَعْدُ