65. Etiquettes of Judements
٦٥۔ كِتَابُ آدَابِ الْقَاضِي
"Seven shall be shaded by Allah under his shade on a day in which there is no shade except His Shade: A just Imam, a young person raised upon worshiping Allah, a man whose heart is attached to the Masjid when he leaves from it until he returns from it, two men who love each other for Allah's sake, coming together upon that, and parting upon that, a man who remembers Allah in privacy and his eyes swell with tears, a man invited by a woman of status and beauty, but he says: 'I fear Allah, Mighty and Sublime is He,' and a man who conceals the charity he gives such that his left hand does not know what his right hand has spent." (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2391)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَبْعَةٌ يُظِلُّهُمُ اللهُ فِي ظِلِّهِ يَوْمَ لَا ظِلَّ إِلَّا ظِلُّهُ إِمَامٌ عَادِلٌ وَشَابٌّ نَشَأَ بِعِبَادَةِ اللهِ وَرَجُلٌ قَلْبُهُ مُعَلَّقٌ بِالْمَسْجِدِ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَعُودَ إِلَيْهِ وَرَجُلَانِ تَحَابَّا فِي اللهِ فَاجْتَمَعَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَتَفَرَّقَا وَرَجُلٌ ذَكَرَ اللهَ خَالِيًا فَفَاضَتْ عَيْنَاهُ وَرَجُلٌ دَعَتْهُ ذَاتُ حَسَبٍ وَجَمَالٍ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللهَ وَرَجُلٌ تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ فَأَخْفَاهَا حَتَّى لَا تَعْلَمَ شِمَالُهُ مَا تُنْفِقُ يَمِينُهُ
[Machine] "And the people of Paradise will say: Three things, they possess authority, they are moderate, they are charitable, and they are successful. And there is a man who is compassionate, gentle-hearted towards all relatives, and a Muslim who is poor and modest, and charitable. And the people of Hellfire are five: the weak, those who did not have supporters among you, and they do not follow the owners of wealth and possessions, and the betrayer whom greed is obvious in his behavior, and if he is given an opportunity to deceive, he will not hesitate to betray. And a man who does not wake up or go to sleep except with deceiving you regarding your wealth and family, and he mentions stinginess, lying, and obscene speech."
وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ ثَلَاثَةٌ ذُو سُلْطَانٍ مُقْصِدٌ مُتَصَدِّقٌ مُوَفَّقٌ وَرَجُلٌ رَحِيمٌ رَقِيقُ الْقَلْبِ لِكُلِّ ذِي قُرْبَى وَمُسْلِمٌ فَقِيرٌ عَفِيفٌ مُتَصَدِّقٌ وَأَهْلُ النَّارِ خَمْسَةٌ الضَّعِيفُ الَّذِي لَا زَبْرَ لَهُ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِيكُمْ تَبَعٌ لَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْلًا وَلَا مَالًا وَالْخَائِنُ الَّذِي لَا يَخْفَى لَهُ طَمَعٌ وَإِنْ دَقَّ إِلَّا خَانَهُ وَرَجُلٌ لَا يُصْبِحُ وَلَا يُمْسِي إِلَّا وَهُوَ يُخَادِعُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكَ وَمَالِكَ وَذَكَرَ الْبُخْلَ وَالْكَذِبَ وَالشِّنْظِيرَ الْفَاحِشَ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Those who are just in their rulings and dealings with their families and those under their authority will be on pulpits of light on the right hand of the Most Merciful, and both of His hands are right."
النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْمُقْسِطُونَ عِنْدَ اللهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عَلَى مَنَابِرَ مِنْ نُورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ وَمَا وُلُّوا
“There are three whose supplication is not rejected: The fasting person when he breaks his fast, the just leader, and the supplication of the oppressed person; Allah raises it up above the clouds and opens the gates of heaven to it. And the Lord says: ‘By My might, I shall surely aid you, even if it should be after a while.’” (Using translation from Tirmidhī 3598)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا تُرَدُّ دَعْوَتُهُمْ الْإِمَامُ الْعَادِلُ وَالصَّائِمُ حَتَّى يُفْطِرَ وَدَعْوَةُ الْمَظْلُومِ تُحْمَلُ عَلَى الْغَمَامِ وَتُفْتَحُ لَهَا أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَيَقُولُ الرَّبُّ وَعِزَّتِي لَأَنْصُرَنَّكِ وَلَوْ بَعْدَ حِينٍ
I heard the Prophet ﷺ saying, "There is no envy except in two: a person whom Allah has given wealth and he spends it in the right way, and a person whom Allah has given wisdom (i.e. religious knowledge) and he gives his decisions accordingly and teaches it to the others." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1409)
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا حَسَدَ إِلَّا فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ رَجُلٍ آتَاهُ اللهُ مَالًا فَسَلَّطَهُ عَلَى هَلَكَتِهِ فِي الْحَقِّ وَرَجُلٍ آتَاهُ اللهُ حِكْمَةً فَهُوَ يَقْضِي بِهَا وَيُعَلِّمُهَا
The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone seeks the office of judge among Muslims till he gets it and his justice prevails over his tyranny, he will go to Paradise; but the man whose tyranny prevails over his justice will go to Hell. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3575)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ طَلَبَ قَضَاءَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى يَنَالَهُ ثُمَّ غَلَبَ عَدْلُهُ جَوْرَهُ فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ وَمَنْ غَلَبَ جَوْرُهُ عَدْلَهُ فَلَهُ النَّارُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When the judge sits in his place, two angels descend upon him, guide him and grant him success, as long as he does not deviate. But if he deviates, they ascend and leave him."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا جَلَسَ الْقَاضِي فِي مَكَانِهِ هَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكَانِ يُسَدِّدَانِهِ وَيُوَفِّقَانِهِ وَيُرْشِدَانِهِ مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ فَإِذَا جَارَ عَرَجَا وَتَرَكَاهُ
[Machine] The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, Allah is with the judge as long as he is not unjust. However, when he becomes unjust, Allah distances Himself from him and Satan clings to him."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ مَعَ الْقَاضِي مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ فَإِذَا جَارَ بَرِئَ اللهُ مِنْهُ وَلَزِمَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, Allah is with the judge as long as he does not turn unjust. But when he turns unjust, Allah hands him over to himself." Ibn Saad said...
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ مَعَ الْقَاضِي مَا لَمْ يَجُرْ فَإِذَا جَارَ وَكَلَهُ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ صَاعِدٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, the most beloved of people to Allah on the Day of Resurrection and the closest of them to me in position will be a just leader. And the most hated of people to me on the Day of Resurrection and the most severe of them in punishment will be an unjust leader."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ أَحَبَّ النَّاسِ إِلَى اللهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَقْرَبَهُمْ مِنِّي مَجْلِسًا إِمَامٌ عَادِلٌ وَأَبْغَضَ النَّاسِ إِلِيَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَشَدَّهُمْ عَذَابًا إِمَامٌ جَائِرٌ
[Machine] He heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying: "I would rather sit in a gathering like this than to free four slaves." Shu'bah said, "I asked, 'Which gathering do you mean?' He said, 'Being a judge.'"
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَأَنْ أَقْعُدَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسِ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ أَرْبَعَ رِقَابٍ قَالَ شُعْبَةُ فَقُلْتُ لِأِيِّ مَجْلِسٍ يَعْنِي؟ قَالَ كَانَ قَاضِيًا
[Machine] "Because spending a day in which justice and fairness are achieved is more beloved to me than participating in a battle for a year or even a hundred days. This was said by Al-Hajjaj ibn Arta'ah when he was summoned by Ibn Mas'ud, and it is only narrated from Masruq."
لَأَنْ أَقْضِيَ يَوْمًا وَأُوَافِقَ فِيهِ الْحَقَّ وَالْعَدْلَ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ غَزْوِ سَنَةٍ أَوْ قَالَ مِائَةِ يَوْمٍ رَفَعَهُ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَاةَ إِلَى ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مُنْقَطِعًا وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: "There is no ruler who governs between people and mentions a hadith, then Masruq said: 'I would rather spend a day ruling justly than participating in a military expedition for the sake of Allah.'"
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَا مِنْ حَاكِمٍ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ وَقَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ لَأَنْ أَقْضِيَ يَوْمًا بِحَقٍّ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَغْزُوَ سَنَةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ﷻ