[Machine] "Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, loyalty is a matter of kinship, it cannot be bought or bestowed. This has been narrated from a different perspective than that of Ibn Umar, and it is not deemed authentic. It has been narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab and Ali ibn Abi Talib, based on their words. All of this is mentioned in the book of loyalty, God willing."  

اللهِ ﷺ الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ وَرُوِيَ هَذَا مَوْصُولًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَلَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فِي كِتَابِ الْوَلَاءِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ went out to Al-Baqi' and saw a man being sold. He bargained with him, then left him. Another man bought him and set him free. Then, he came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, 'I bought this man and set him free. What do you think of it?' The Prophet ﷺ asked, 'What do you think of his companionship?' The man replied, 'If he shows gratitude to you, it will be good for him and bad for you. If he disobeys you, it will be good for you and bad for him.' The Prophet ﷺ asked, 'What do you think of his wealth?' The man replied, 'If he dies and has no heirs, his wealth will be yours.' This is how the messenger ﷺ came."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَرَأَى رَجُلًا يُبَاعُ فَسَاوَمَ بِهِ ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ فَاشْتَرَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَأَعْتَقَهُ ثُمَّ أَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ هَذَا فَأَعْتَقْتُهُ فَمَا تَرَى فِيهِ؟ قَالَ أَخُوكَ وَمَوْلَاكَ قَالَ مَا تَرَى فِي صُحْبَتِهِ؟ قَالَ إِنْ شَكَرَكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَشَرٌّ لَكَ وَإِنْ كَفَرَكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ وَشَرٌّ لَهُ قَالَ مَا تَرَى فِي مَالِهِ؟ قَالَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَدَعْ وَارِثًا فَلَكَ مَالُهُ هَكَذَا جَاءَ مُرْسَلًا  

[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet, ﷺ : "A woman has three entitlements: her share of inheritance, her dowry, and her child who has been cursed by her." This point is not definitive. Imam al-Bukhari said, "Umar ibn Ru'bahtah al-Tughlabi narrated from 'Abd al-Wahid al-Nasri, there is a difference of opinion regarding it." Abu Sa'd al-Malini said, "I am Abu Ahmad ibn 'Adi and I heard Ibn Hamad mentioning it from al-Bukhari." Abu Ahmad said, "His hadiths regarding 'Abd al-Wahid al-Nasri were rejected."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ تَحُوزُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ مَوَارِيثَ لَقِيطَهَا وَعَتِيقَهَا وَوَلَدَهَا الَّذِي لَاعَنَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ 12384 قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عُمَرُ بْنُ رُؤْبَةَ التَّغْلِبِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ النَّصْرِيِّ فِيهِ نَظَرٌ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ حَمَّادٍ يَذْكُرُهُ عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ أَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ أَحَادِيثَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ النَّصْرِيِّ  

[Machine] That the daughter of Hamza freed a servant boy and then she died, leaving behind her daughter and Hamza's daughter. It is claimed that the Prophet ﷺ distributed half to her and half to her daughter.  

أَنَّ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ أَعْتَقَتْ غُلَامًا لَهَا فَتُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ لَهَا النِّصْفَ وَلِابْنَتِهِ النِّصْفَ  

[Machine] The master of Hamzah's daughter died and left behind his daughter and Hamzah's daughter. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave half to his daughter and half to Hamzah's daughter. This was narrated by Salamah ibn Kuhayl and Ash-Sha'biy from Abdullah ibn Shaddad. Ibn Shaddad was the foster brother of Hamzah's daughter. The hadith is disconnected and it was said that Ash-Sha'biy narrated from Abdullah ibn Shaddad from his father, but it is not verified. Ibn Abi Layla narrated it from Al-Hakam from Abdullah ibn Shaddad from Hamzah's daughter. All of these narrators unanimously agreed that Hamzah's daughter was the freed slave. Ibrahim An-Nakha'i said that the slave of Hamzah ibn Abdul-Muttalib died and the Prophet ﷺ gave half of the inheritance as a gift to Hamzah's daughter and took the other half. This is a mistake, and Sharik said that Ibrahim made this mistake unless he heard something and narrated it.  

مَاتَ مَوْلًى لَابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِابْنَتِهِ النِّصْفَ وَلِابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ النِّصْفَ وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ وَابْنِ شَدَّادٍ أَخُو بِنْتِ حَمْزَةَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَالْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ عَنِ ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ وَكُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ هِيَ الْمُعْتَقَةُ وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ تُوُفِّيَ مَوْلًى لِحَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَأَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ النِّصْفَ طُعْمَةً وَقَبَضَ النِّصْفَ وَهَذَا غَلَطٌ وَقَدْ قَالَ شَرِيكٌ تَقَحَّمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ تَقَحُّمًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ شَيْئًا فَرَوَاهُ  

[Machine] A man died and left behind his daughter and his freed slaves, whom he had emancipated. So the Prophet gave half to his daughter and half to the freed slaves, and this is also a hadith.  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَمَوَالِيَهُ الَّذِينَ أَعْتَقُوهُ فَأَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنَتَهُ النِّصْفَ وَمَوَالِيَهُ النِّصْفَ وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ  

[Machine] His companions said, "Whenever Zaid couldn't find anyone from this group, meaning the clan, he wouldn't respond to anyone who shot an arrow, but he would respond to those who pledged allegiance. If there was no one to pledge allegiance, then he would turn to the treasury."  

عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ قَالُوا كَانَ زَيْدٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدًا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ يَعْنِي الْعَصَبَةَ لَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَى ذِي سَهْمٍ وَلَكِنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَى الْمَوَالِي فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَوَالٍ فَعَلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ  

[Machine] Abdullah does not inherit anything from his relatives, and Ali and Zaid say, "If the relative has a share, then he has his share, and whatever remains belongs to the muwallis, they are the kalalah."  

عَبْدُ اللهِ لَا يُوَرِّثُ مَوَالِيَ مَعَ ذِي رَحِمٍ شَيْئًا وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ وَزَيْدٌ ؓ يَقُولَانِ إِذَا كَانَ ذُو رَحِمٍ ذُو سَهْمٍ فَلَهُ سَهْمُهُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْمَوَالِي هُمْ كَلَالَةٌ  

[Machine] I saw the woman who inherited from Ali, so he gave half to the daughter and half to the slaves. The narration about this from Ali differs, it is narrated differently from him.  

رَأَيْتُ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي وَرَّثَهَا عَلِيٌّ ؓ فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ وَالْمَوَالِيَ النِّصْفَ الرِّوَايَةُ فِي هَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ هَكَذَا  

[Machine] Ali used to give half to his daughter and one-eighth to his wife and return the remainder to his daughter.  

كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ يُعْطِي الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ الثُّمُنَ وَيَرُدُّ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى الِابْنَةِ  

[Machine] "Umar and Abdullah inherit the womb apart from the guardians, so I said to him 'Would Ali do that?' He said, 'Ali used to be the strictest among them in that.'"  

عُمَرُ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ ؓ يُوَرِّثَانِ الْأَرْحَامَ دُونَ الْمَوَالِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَفَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ أَشَدَّهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] A man died during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so the Prophet ﷺ said, "Check if he has any inheritors." They said, "No, except for a young boy who was his slave, so he freed him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Give him his inheritance." And so it was done.  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا تُوُفِّيَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ انْظُرُوا هَلْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ فَقَالُوا لَا إِلَّا غُلَامًا كَانَ لَهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِ مِيرَاثَهُ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] A man died during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he did not leave behind any inheritor except for a slave whom he had set free. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave him his inheritance. However, Hammad ibn Zaid went against them and narrated it from 'Amr ibn Dinar as Mursal.  

مَاتَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَارِثًا إِلَّا عَبْدًا لَهُ هُوَ أَعْتَقَهُ فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِيرَاثَهُ وَخَالَفَهُمَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ مُرْسَلًا  

[Machine] A man died during the time of the Prophet ﷺ and did not leave any heirs except for a slave who was set free by him. So the Prophet ﷺ gave him his inheritance. The judge said, "This is how it is."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَاتَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَدَعْ وَارِثًا إِلَّا مَوْلًى لَهُ هُوَ أَعْتَقَهُ فَأَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِيرَاثَهُ قَالَ الْقَاضِي هَكَذَا  

[Machine] A man emancipated another man, but the one who was emancipated died and did not have an heir. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave his inheritance to the emancipator, whose number is 12398. Abu Saad al-Maliny informed us that I am Abu Ahmed bin Adi who said, I heard Ibn Hammad saying, Al-Bukhari said, Awsajah, the slave of Ibn Abbas, narrated from him Amr bin Dinar, but his hadith is not authentic. The scholar said, And it was narrated by some narrators from Amr bin Dinar from Ikrimah from Ibn Abbas, and it is undoubtedly a mistake.  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ رَجُلًا فَمَاتَ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ فَأَعْطَى مِيرَاثَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمُعْتَقَ 12398 وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ حَمَّادٍ يَقُولُ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَوْسَجَةُ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَوَى عَنْهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ وَلَمْ يَصِحَّ حَدِيثُهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَرَوَاهُ بَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: I am nearer to every believer than himself, so if anyone leaves a debt or a helpless family, I shall be responsible, but if anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs. I am patron of him who has none, inheriting his property and freeing him from his liabilities. A maternal uncle is patron of him who has none, inheriting his property and freeing him from his liabilities. Abu Dawud said: da'iah means dependants or helpless family. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been transmitted by al-Zubaidi from Rashid b. Sa'd from Ibn 'A'idh on the authority of al-Miqdam. It has also been transmitted by Mu'awiyah b. Salih from Rashid who said: I heard al-Miqdam (say). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2900)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ فَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيْعَةً فَإِلَيْنَا وَمَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَأَنَا مَوْلَى مَنْ لَا مَوْلَى لَهُ أَرِثُ مَالَهُ وَأَفُكُّ عَانَهُ وَالْخَالُ وَارِثُ مَنْ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ يَرِثُ مَالَهُ وَيَفُكُّ عَانَهُ  

A client of the Prophet ﷺ died and left some property, but he left no child or relative. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Give what he has left to a man belonging to his village. Abu Dawud said: The tradition of Sufyan is more perfect. Musaddad said: Thereupon the Prophet ﷺ said: Is there anyone belonging to his land ? They replied: Yes. He said: Then give him what he has left. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2902)   

أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَقَعَ مِنْ نَخْلَةٍ فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يَدَعْ وَلَدًا وَلَا حَمِيمًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْطُوا مِيرَاثَهُ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِهِ  

[Machine] That a loyal servant of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Is there anyone from his village here?" They said, "Yes." So the Prophet ﷺ gave him his inheritance, and it is possible that he was his slave by means other than manumission, so he did not take his inheritance and placed it in his village for the sake of reconciliation.  

أَنَّ مَوْلًى لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَا هُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِهِ؟ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ فَأَعْطَاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِيرَاثَهُ وَهَذَا يَحْتَمِلُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَوْلًى لَهُ بِغَيْرِ الْعِتَاقِ فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِيرَاثَهُ وَجَعَلَهُ فِي أَهْلِ قَرْيَتِهِ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْمَصْلَحَةِ  

[Machine] A man from the tribe of Khuzayah passed away during the time of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ . The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was then brought his inheritance and he asked, "Is there anyone who is his heir?" They searched for a heir but did not find one. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was then informed, and he said, "Give it to the eldest member of the tribe of Khuzayah."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا تُوُفِّيَ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ عَلَى عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِمِيرَاثِهِ فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ مِنْ وَارِثٍ؟ فَالْتَمَسُوهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُ وَارِثًا فَأُخْبِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ادْفَعُوهُ إِلَى أَكْبَرِ خُزَاعَةَ  

A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: I have property left by a man of Azd. I do not find any man of Azd to give it to him. He said: Go and look for man of Azd for a year. He then came to him after one year and said: Messenger of Allah, I did not find any man of Azd to give it to him. He said: Look for a man of Khuza'ah whom you meet first and give it to him. When he turned away, he said; Call the man to me. When he came to him, he said: Look for the leading man of Khuza'ah and give it to him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2903)   

أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ رَجُلٌ قَالَ إِنَّ عِنْدِي مِيرَاثَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ وَلَسْتُ أَجِدُ أَزْدِيًّا أَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ فَاذْهَبْ فَالْتَمِسْ رَجُلًا أَزْدِيًّا حَوْلًا قَالَ فَأَتَاهُ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَمْ أَجِدْ أَزْدِيًّا أَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ فَانْطَلِقْ فَانْظُرْ أَوَّلَ خُزَاعِيٍّ تَلْقَاهُ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا وَلَّى قَالَ عَلِيَّ بِالرِّجَلِ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ قَالَ انْظُرْ أَكْبَرَ خُزَاعَةَ فَادْفَعْهُ جِبْرِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَرَ هُوَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَحْمَرِيُّ  

[Machine] Abdullah, did you leave behind an heir or a statement of allegiance to anyone among you? I said no. He said, here there are many heirs, so he placed his wealth in the treasury.  

عَبْدُ اللهِ هَلْ تَرَكَ وَارِثًا أَوْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ عَلَيْهِ عَقْدُ وَلَاءٍ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ لَهُ هَا هُنَا وَرَثَةٌ كَثِيرٌ فَجَعَلَ مَالَهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say in his sermon, during the year of the Farewell pilgrimage: “Allah (SWT) has given each person who has rights his rights, and there is no bequest for in heir.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2713)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ فِي حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ  

[Machine] I saw my father depositing the surplus money into the treasury and not giving anything back to the heir.  

رَأَيْتُ أَبِي يَجْعَلُ فُضُولَ الْمَالِ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ وَلَا يَرُدُّ عَلَى وَارِثٍ شَيْئًا  

[Machine] That there should be no heir other than her, and Zaid did not object to any heir and put it in the treasury.  

أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهَا 12407 وَكَانَ زَيْدٌ لَا يَرُدُّ عَلَى وَارِثٍ شَيْئًا وَيَجْعَلُهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ  

"A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said" 'My son died, so what do I inherit from him?' He said: 'For you is a sixth.' When he turned to leave,he called him and said: 'For you is another sixth.' So when he turned to leave , he called him saying: 'The last sixth is consumable for you.'" (Using translation from Tirmidhī 2099)   

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ ابْنَ ابْنِي مَاتَ فَمَا لِي مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ؟ قَالَ لَكَ السُّدُسُ فَلَمَّا وَلَّى دَعَاهُ فَقَالَ لَكَ سُدُسٌ آخَرُ فَلَمَّا وَلَّى دَعَاهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ السُّدُسَ الْآخَرَ طُعْمَةٌ  

[Machine] "Omar asked the people if they knew anything from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ regarding inheritance. Ma'qil replied that he was given one-sixth. Omar asked, 'With whom?' Ma'qil said, 'I don't know.' Omar said, 'You don't know?' In another narration, Yunus ibn Abi Ishaq reported from Abu Ishaq from Amr ibn Maymun who said, 'I performed Hajj with Omar and he asked the people if anyone had heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioning anything about inheritance. Ma'qil ibn Yasar Al-Muzani stood up and said, 'I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ being asked about a duty that involved inheritance, and he gave one-third or one-sixth in it.' Omar asked, 'What is this duty?' Ma'qil replied, 'I don't know.' Omar kicked him and said, 'You don't know? What prevented you from finding out?' In another narration by Yunus in this Hadith, he said, 'He gathered the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and allocated a share for inheritance.' Muhammad ibn Yahya reported from Ahmad ibn Khalid Al-Wahbi from Yunus. Ibn Khuzaymah also reported it from Az-Zu`afarani from Shababah from Yunus."  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ سَأَلَ النَّاسَ مِنْ عَلِمَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الْجَدِّ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ مَعْقِلٌ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ قَالَ مَعَ مَنْ وَيْلَكَ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ لَا دَرَيْتَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ قَالَ حَجَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ فَأَنْشَدَ النَّاسَ مَنْ كَانَ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ فِي الْجَدِّ شَيْئًا فَقَامَ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ فَقَالَ أَنَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أُتِيَ بِفَرِيضَةٍ فِيهَا جَدٌّ فَأَعْطَاهُ ثُلُثًا أَوْ سُدُسًا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مَا الْفَرِيضَةُ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي فَرَكَلَهُ عُمَرُ وَقَالَ لَا دَرَيْتَ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَدْرِيَ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى عَنْ يُونُسَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ فَجَمَعَ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَعَلَ لِلْجَدِّ نَصِيبًا وَرَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْوَهْبِيِّ عَنْ يُونُسَ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ عَنِ الزَّعْفَرَانِيِّ عَنْ شَبَابَةَ عَنْ يُونُسَ  

[Machine] That he does not inherit anything from a deceased father, while the male child and the son of the son are entitled to one-sixth. Other than that, if the deceased does not leave behind a brother or sister from his father, the grandfather inherits and begins with one of them if he shares with the heirs. He is given his share, and if there is any surplus from the money, it belongs to the grandfather. And if there is no surplus, then the grandfather gets more than one-sixth.  

أَنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ أَبٍ دُنْيَا شَيْئًا وَهُوَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ وَمَعَ ابْنِ الِابْنِ يُفْرَضُ لَهُ السُّدُسُ وَفِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَخًا أَوْ أُخْتًا مِنْ أَبِيهِ يَخْلُفُ الْجَدُّ وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَحَدٍ إِنْ شَرَكَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَى فَرِيضَتَهُ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ مِنَ الْمَالِ السُّدُسُ فَأَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ كَانَ لِلْجَدِّ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلِ السُّدُسُ فَأَكْثَرُ مِنْهُ فَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ  

I heard 'Umar b. Khattab delivering sermon on the pulpit ol Messenger of Allah ﷺ and saying': Now, coming to the point, O people, there was revealed (the command pertaining to the prohibition of wine) and it was prepared (at that time) out of five things: grape, date, honey, wheat, barley, and wine is that which clouds the intellect, and, O people, I wish Messenger of Allah ﷺ had explained to us in greater detail three things: the inheritance of the grandfather, of one who dies without leaving any issue, and some of the problems of interest. (Using translation from Muslim 3032b)   

سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ أَمَّا بَعْدُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ وَهِيَ مِنَ الْخَمْسَةِ؛ مِنَ الْعِنَبِ وَالتَّمْرِ وَالْعَسَلِ وَالْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالْخَمْرُ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ وَثَلَاثٌ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمْ يُفَارِقْنَا حَتَّى يَعْهَدَ إِلَيْنَا فِيهِنَّ عَهْدًا يُنْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ الْكَلَالَةُ وَالْجَدُّ وَأَبْوَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الرِّبَا  

[Machine] About Umar, in every hundred cases, each one contradicts the other.  

عَنْ عُمَرَ فِي الْجَدِّ مِائَةَ قَضِيَّةٍ كُلُّهَا يَنْقُضُ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا  

[Machine] And he said, "Indeed, I have resolved various cases in seriousness, all of them I did not deviate from the truth in. And if I live, God willing, until summer, I will resolve a case in it that concerns a woman and she is under my guardianship."  

وَقَالَ إِنِّي قَدْ قَضَيْتُ فِي الْجَدِّ قَضَايَا مُخْتَلِفَةً كُلُّهَا لَا آلُو فِيهِ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَلَئِنْ عِشْتُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ إِلَى الصَّيْفِ لَأَقْضِيَنَّ فِيهَا بِقَضِيَّةٍ تَقْضِي بِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَهِيَ عَلَى ذَيْلِهَا  

[Machine] To finish it, he should complete it.  

أَنْ يُمْضِيَهُ لَأَمْضَاهُ  

[Machine] "O Umar, bring me the shoulder where I have written the matter of yesterday's incident." He said, "If Allah wanted to complete this matter, He would have completed it." Abdullah said, "We will suffice you in this matter, O Commander of the Faithful." He said, "No," and then he took it and erased it with his hand."  

عُمَرُ ؓ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ ائْتِنِي بِالْكَتِفِ الَّتِي كَتَبْتُ فِيهَا شَأْنَ الْجَدِّ بِالْأَمْسِ وَقَالَ لَوْ أَرَادَ اللهُ أَنْ يُتِمَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ لَأَتَمَّهُ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ نَحْنُ نَكْفِيكَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ لَا فَأَخَذَهَا فَمَحَاهَا بِيَدِهِ  

[Machine] Let him meddle in hellish bacteria, then let him pass judgment between grandparents and siblings.  

أَنْ يَتَقَحَّمَ جَرَاثِيمَ جَهَنَّمَ فَلْيَقْضِ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ  

[Machine] "He was the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , if I were to take a close friend, I would have taken Abu Bakr, as he made him his father through lineage."  

لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَلِيلًا لَاتَّخَذْتُهُ خَلِيلًا يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ جَعَلَ الْجَدَّ أَبًا  

لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَوْ كُنْتُ مُتَّخِذًا خَلِيلًا لَاتَّخَذْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَلِيلًا جَعَلَ الْجَدَّ أَبًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If I were to take anyone as a close friend, I would have taken Abu Bakr as my close friend."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَوِ أَتَّخِذُ أَحَدًا خَلِيلًا لَاتَّخَذْتُهُ فَإِنَّهُ أَنْزَلَهُ أَبًا يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ  

[Machine] That Abu Bakr made Jadda a father.  

أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ جَعَلَ الْجَدَّ أَبًا  

[Machine] Uthman bin Affan, if we follow your opinion, it is indeed the right path. And if we follow the opinion of the sheikh before you, then he was indeed a person of good judgment.  

عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ؓ إِنْ نَتَّبِعْ رَأْيَكَ فَإِنَّهُ رُشْدٌ وَإِنْ نَتَّبِعْ رَأْيَ الشَّيْخِ قَبْلَكَ فَنِعْمَ ذُو الرَّأْيِ كَانَ  

[Machine] "This is narrated by Hushaim from Khaled, from Abu al-Mutawakkil al-Naji, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, that Abu Bakr used to treat his grandfather as a father."  

ثنا هُشَيْمٌ ح وَأنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أنا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُتَوَكِّلِ النَّاجِي عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ؓ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ كَانَ يُنْزِلُ الْجَدَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَبِ  

[Machine] That among the people, there are ancestors who said "Exalted is the Majesty of our Lord" [Surah Al-Jinn: 3], and Sufyan recited "O children of Adam" [Surah Al-A'raf: 26], and "And I have followed the religion of my fathers" [Surah Yusuf: 38].  

أَنَّ فِيَ النَّاسِ جُدُودًا مَا قَالُوا {تَعَالَى جَدُّ رَبِّنَا} [الجن 3] وَقَرَأَ سُفْيَانُ {يَا بَنِي آدَمَ} [الأعراف 26] {وَاتَّبَعْتُ مِلَّةَ آبَائِي} [يوسف 38]  

[Machine] Is not your grandfather's grandfather older than you? So the man remained silent and did not answer him, as if he did not hear his response. So I said, "I am Adam." He said, "Do you not listen to the word of God, O son of Adam?"  

إِنَّهُ لَا جَدَّ أِيُّ أَبٍ لَكَ أَكْبَرُ؟ فَسَكَتَ الرَّجُلُ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ وَكَأَنَّهُ عَيِيَ عَنْ جَوَابِهِ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا آدَمُ قَالَ أَفَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى قَولِ اللهِ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ  

[Machine] The payment (diyah) is for those who receive inheritance, and the grandfather is the father.  

الدِّيَةُ لِمَنْ أَحْرَزَ الْمِيرَاثَ وَالْجَدُّ أَبٌ  

[Machine] Ali used to treat his grandfather as a father, which was criticized by some people in Iraq. The authentic saying about Ali is that he used to equate between his grandfather and his brothers, and perhaps he considered him a father in another sense. Allah knows best.  

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ كَانَ يَجْعَلُ الْجَدَّ أَبًا فَأَنْكَرَ قَوْلَ عَطَاءٍ ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ الصَّحِيحُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُشْرِكُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ وَلَعَلَّهُ جَعَلَهُ أَبًا فِي حُكْمٍ آخَرَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "My son will be and I will not be his father. This is a popular proverb that he may not understand the days of his life, except that he is a good envoy."  

يَكُونَ ابْنِي وَلَا أَكُونَ أَبَاهُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ الشَّعْبِيُّ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ أَيَّامَ عُمَرَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ مُرْسَلٌ جَيِّدٌ  

[Machine] Umar is not a revelation in which we increase and decrease. It is only something we see, so if you see it and agree with me, you will follow it. Otherwise, you have nothing to do with it." Zaid refused and left angrily. He said, "I came to you thinking that you would be free from me, and then he came to him again at the same time as the first time. He continued with him until he said, "I will write to you about it." He wrote it on a piece of palm tree bark and gave him an example. His example is like a tree that grows on one root, and a branch came out of it, and then another branch came out of the first branch. The root waters the branch, so if the first branch is cut off, the water returns to the second branch, and if you cut off the second branch, the water returns to the first. So he brought it and Umar addressed the people. Then he read the piece of bark to them and said, "Zaid bin Thabit has said something about the matter, and I have approved it." He said, "This was the first matter. He wanted to take all the money of his grandson and leave it to his brothers. After that, Umar distributed it according to the decision."  

عُمَرُ ؓ لَيْسَ هُوَ بِوَحْيٍ حَتَّى نَزِيدَ فِيهِ وَنَنْقُصَ مِنْهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ شَيْءٌ نَرَاهُ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَهُ وَافَقَنِي تَبِعْتَهُ وَإِلَّا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْكَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَأَبَى زَيْدٌ فَخَرَجَ مُغْضَبًا قَالَ قَدْ جِئْتُكَ وَأَنَا أَظُنُّكَ سَتَفْرُغُ مِنْ حَاجَتِي ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى فِي السَّاعَةِ الَّتِي أَتَاهُ الْمَرَّةَ الْأُولَى فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى قَالَ فَسَأَكْتُبُ لَكَ فِيهِ فَكَتَبَهُ فِي قِطْعَةِ قَتَبٍ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ مَثَلًا إِنَّمَا مَثَلُهُ مَثَلُ شَجَرَةٍ نَبَتَتْ عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ فَخَرَجَ فِيهَا غُصْنٌ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فِي الْغُصْنِ غُصْنٌ آخَرُ فَالسَّاقُ يَسْقِي الْغُصْنَ فَإِنْ قُطِعَ الْغُصْنُ الْأَوَّلُ رَجَعَ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْغُصْنِ يَعْنِي الثَّانِي وَإِنْ قَطَعْتَ الثَّانِي رَجَعَ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْأَوَّلِ فَأَتَى بِهِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ قِطْعَةَ الْقَتَبِ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ قَدْ قَالَ فِي الْجَدِّ قَوْلًا وَقَدْ أَمْضَيْتُهُ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ جَدٍّ كَانَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْمَالَ كُلَّهُ مَالَ ابْنِ ابْنِهِ دُونَ إِخْوَتِهِ فَقَسَمَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ  

[Machine] That the grandfather is closer than the brothers, so our conversation continued until I gave him an example of some of his children's inheritance from each other, so he approached me angrily and said, "By Allah, if I had judged today between some of them in favor of some over others, I would have judged in favor of the grandfather and I would have thought that he deserved it, but perhaps they have rights, and perhaps I don't disappoint any of them, and I will surely decide between them if Allah wills it, according to what I see on that day." I considered it and sought forgiveness from Allah that this is the last conversation I had with Amir al-Mu'minin Umar about the matter of the grandfather and the brothers. Then I thought that he used to divide after them. Then Amir al-Mu'minin Uthman ibn Affan made a decision between the grandfather and the brothers similar to what I wrote to you in this document, and I thought that I understood that from what I witnessed of their judgments, and others added more to it than Ibn Abi al-Zinad and his father from Kharijah ibn Zaid from his father that when Umar ibn Al-Khattab consulted them about the inheritance of the grandfather and the brothers, Zaid said, and my opinion at that time was that the brothers are more entitled to their brother's inheritance than the grandfather, and Umar ibn Al-Khattab sees that the grandfather is more entitled to his grandson's inheritance than his brothers. Zaid said, so I gave Umar an example of that, and I said to him, "If a tree branched out from its root, and then a branch branched out from that branch, that branch connects the two branches without the root and nourishes them. Don't you see, O Amir al-Mu'minin, that one of the branches is closer to its brother than it is to the root?" Zaid said, I gave him an example of the root of the tree as an example of the grandfather, and I gave an example of the branch that branched out from the root as an example of the father, and I gave an example of the two branches that branched out from the branch as an example of the brothers.  

أَنَّ الْجَدَّ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ فَطَالَ تَحَاوُرُنَا فِيهِ حَتَّى ضَرَبْتُ لَهُ بَعْضَ بَنِيهِ مَثَلًا بِمِيرَاثِ بَعْضِهِمْ دُونَ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ كَالْمُغْتَاظِ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَوْ أَنِّي قَضَيْتُ الْيَوْمَ لِبَعْضِهِمْ دُونَ بَعْضٍ لَقَضَيْتُهُ لِلْجَدِّ وَلَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِ وَلَكِنْ لَعَلَّهُمْ أَنْ يَكُونُوا ذَوِي حَقٍّ وَلَعَلِّي لَا أُخَيِّبُ سَهْمَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ وَسَوْفَ أَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى نَحْوَ الَّذِي أَرَى يَوْمَئِذٍ فَحَسِبْتُهُ وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ آخِرِ كَلَامٍ حَاوَرْتُ فِيهِ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ فِي شَأْنِ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ ثُمَّ حَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ بَعْدَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ؓ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ نَحْوَ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ وَحَسِبْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ وَعَيْتُ ذَلِكَ فِيمَا حَضَرْتُ مِنْ قَضَائِهِمَا وَزَادَ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ لَمَّا اسْتَشَارَهُمْ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ قَالَ زَيْدٌ وَكَانَ رَأْيِي يَوْمَئِذٍ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ هُمْ أَوْلَى بِمِيرَاثِ أَخِيهِمْ مِنَ الْجَدِّ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَرَى يَوْمَئِذٍ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ أَوْلَى بِمِيرَاثِ ابْنِ ابْنِهِ مِنْ إِخْوَتِهِ قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَضَرَبْتُ لِعُمَرَ ؓ فِي ذَلِكَ مَثَلًا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ لَوْ أَنَّ شَجَرَةً تَشَعَّبَ مِنْ أَصْلِهَا غُصْنٌ ثُمَّ تَشَعَّبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْغُصْنِ خُوطَانِ ذَلِكَ الْغُصْنُ يَجْمَعُ ذَيْنِكَ الْخُوطَيْنِ دُونَ الْأَصْلِ وَيَغْذُوهُمَا أَلَا تَرَى يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَّ أَحَدَ الْخُوطَيْنِ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى أَخِيهِ مِنْهُ إِلَى الْأَصْلِ؟ قَالَ زَيْدٌ أَضْرِبُ لَهُ أَصْلَ الشَّجَرَةِ مَثَلًا لِلْجَدِّ وَأَضْرِبُ الْغُصْنَ الَّذِي تَشَعَّبَ مِنَ الْأَصْلِ مَثَلًا لِلْأَبِ وَأَضْرِبُ الْخُوطَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ تَشَعَّبَا مِنَ الْغُصْنِ مَثَلًا لِلْإِخْوَةِ  

[Machine] They made preference of the cousin over the brother, and Umar disliked talking about it. But when Umar became old, he said, "This is a matter that has happened. People must know about it." So he sent a message to Zaid ibn Thabit and asked him. Zaid said, "It was the opinion of Abu Bakr that we should give preference to the cousin over the brother." Umar said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, do not make a tree that has grown and branched out from it a branch, and then another branch branches out from that branch. Which branch should be given preference, the first branch or the second branch, when the branch has already come out of the original branch?" Umar then sent a message to Ali and asked him. Ali said to him, "Just as Zaid said, except that he made an overflowing river and from it a branch grew, and then two branches grew from it. He asked, 'What if this middle branch returns, wouldn't it go back to both branches?' Umar stood up and addressed the people, saying, 'Is there anyone among you who heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioning the preference in a matter?' A man stood up and said, 'I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mention a matter in which preference was mentioned, and he gave him one-third.' Umar asked, 'Who was with him among the heirs?' The man said, 'I don't know.' Umar said, 'You didn't know.' Then he addressed the people again, saying, 'Has anyone among you heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mention the preference in a matter?' A man stood up and said, 'I heard the Prophet ﷺ mention a matter in which preference was mentioned, and he gave him one-sixth.' Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked, 'Who was with him among the heirs?' The man said, 'I don't know.' Umar said, 'You didn't know.' Al-Sha'bi said, 'Zaid ibn Thabit made him a brother until he reached the age of three, he is their third. When they exceed that, he gives them one-third. And Ali ibn Abi Talib made him a brother until he reaches the age of six, he is their sixth. When they exceed that, he gives them one-sixth.'  

يَجْعَلَا الْجَدَّ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْأَخِ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَكْرَهُ الْكَلَامَ فِيهِ فَلَمَّا صَارَ عُمَرُ جَدًّا قَالَ هَذَا أَمْرٌ قَدْ وَقَعَ لَا بُدَّ لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ مَعْرِفَتِهِ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ كَانَ مِنْ رَأْيِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ أَنْ نَجْعَلَ الْجَدَّ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْأَخِ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا تَجْعَلْ شَجَرَةً نَبَتَتْ فَانْشَعَبَ مِنْهَا غُصْنٌ فَانْشَعَبَ فِي الْغُصْنِ غُصْنٌ فَمَا يُجْعَلُ الْغُصْنُ الْأَوَّلُ أَوْلَى مِنَ الْغُصْنِ الثَّانِي وَقَدْ خَرَجَ الْغُصْنُ مِنَ الْغُصْنِ؟ قَالَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمَا قَالَ زَيْدٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ سَيْلًا سَالَ فَانْشَعَبَتْ مِنْهُ شُعْبَةٌ ثُمَّ انْشَعَبَتْ مِنْهُ شُعْبَتَانِ فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الشُّعْبَةَ الْوُسْطَى رَجَعَ أَلَيْسَ إِلَى الشُّعْبَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا؟ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ هَلْ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَذْكُرُ الْجَدَّ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذُكِرَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فِيهَا ذِكْرُ الْجَدِّ فَأَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ لَا دَرَيْتَ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ هَلْ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ الْجَدَّ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ؟ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ ذُكِرَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فِيهَا ذِكْرُ الْجَدِّ فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ السُّدُسَ قَالَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ؟ قَالَ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ لَا دَرَيْتَ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ وَكَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَجْعَلُهُ أَخًا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ ثَلَاثَةً هُوَ ثَالِثُهُمْ فَإِذَا زَادُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَجْعَلُهُ أَخًا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ سِتَّةً هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ فَإِذَا زَادُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ  

[Machine] He said, then Zaid said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful), do not make a tree that has sprouted a branch, which then sprouted another branch from it, equal to the first branch. And yet, the two branches came from the first branch. So, he sent for Ali and asked him. Ali said, as Zaid said, except that Ali made it like a flowing river that flows, and a branch sprouted from it, and then two branches sprouted from it. Ali said, "Do you see if the water from this middle branch dries up, does it return to the two branches together?" Abu Bakr al-Ardastani informed us, Abu Nasr al-Iraqi informed us, Sufyan ibn Muhammad informed us, Ali ibn al-Hasan informed us, Abdullah ibn al-Walid mentioned it. The sheikh said, Abdullah ibn Mas'ud used to draw comparisons between ancestry, brothers, and sisters, either from the father and mother or from the father alone.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَا تَجْعَلْ شَجَرَةً نَبَتَتْ فَانْشَعَبَ مِنْهَا غُصْنٌ فَانْشَعَبَ فِي الْغُصْنِ غُصْنَانِ فَمَا جَعَلَ الْأَوَّلَ أَوْلَى مِنَ الثَّانِي وَقَدْ خَرَجَ الْغُصْنَانِ مِنَ الْغُصْنِ الْأَوَّلِ؟ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ كَمَا قَالَ لِزَيْدٍ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ كَمَا قَالَ زَيْدٌ إِلَّا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا جَعَلَهُ سَيْلًا سَالَ فَانْشَعَبَتْ مِنْهُ شُعْبَةٌ ثُمَّ انْشَعَبَتْ مِنْهُ شُعْبَتَانِ فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ مَاءَ هَذِهِ الشُّعْبَةِ الْوُسْطَى يَبُسَ أَكَانَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الشُّعْبَتَيْنِ جَمِيعًا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَرْدَسْتَانِيُّ ثنا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَذَكَرَهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ يُشْرِكُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ أَوْ لِأَبٍ  

[Machine] That grandparents divide inheritance between siblings, of the father, mother and siblings of the father, what is divided is worth more than one-third of the wealth. If there are many siblings, the grandparent is given one-third, and the rest is for the siblings. [For males is a share equal to that of two females] [An-Nisa 11]. He also decreed that the children of the father and mother have more right to it than the children of the father, both males and females. However, the children of the father divide the grandparent between the children of the father and mother, so they give back to them and the children of the father do not have anything with the children of the father and mother unless the sons of the father give back to the daughters of the father and mother. If there is anything left after the obligations of the daughters of the father and mother, it is for the siblings of the father. [For males is a share equal to that of two females] [An-Nisa 11].  

أَنَّ الْجَدَّ يُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ مَا كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ الْمَالِ فَإِنْ كَثُرَتِ الْإِخْوَةُ أُعْطِيَ الْجَدُّ الثُّلُثَ وَكَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَقِيَ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ} [النساء 11] الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَقَضَى أَنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَبِ ذُكُورِهِمْ وَإِنَاثِهِمْ غَيْرَ أَنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ يُقَاسِمُونَ الْجَدَّ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَيَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ مَعَ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنُو الْأَبِ يَرُدُّونَ عَلَى بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَإِنْ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ بَعْدَ فَرَائِضِ بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11]  

[Machine] Then I considered Amir al-Mu'minin Uthman bin Affan, who used to divide among the grandparents and siblings as I have written to you in this document.  

ثُمَّ حَسِبْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ نَحْوَ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ