34. Inheritance
٣٤۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ
[Machine] The loyalty is for us, so I mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said to me, "That should not prevent you, for loyalty belongs to whoever emancipates."
الْوَلَاءَ لَنَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَا يَمْنَعْكِ ذَلِكَ؛ فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ
[Machine] "Allah's peace and blessings be upon him, loyalty is a matter of kinship, it cannot be bought or bestowed. This has been narrated from a different perspective than that of Ibn Umar, and it is not deemed authentic. It has been narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab and Ali ibn Abi Talib, based on their words. All of this is mentioned in the book of loyalty, God willing."
اللهِ ﷺ الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ وَرُوِيَ هَذَا مَوْصُولًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَلَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ مِنْ قَوْلِهِمَا وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فِي كِتَابِ الْوَلَاءِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى
[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ went out to Al-Baqi' and saw a man being sold. He bargained with him, then left him. Another man bought him and set him free. Then, he came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, 'I bought this man and set him free. What do you think of it?' The Prophet ﷺ asked, 'What do you think of his companionship?' The man replied, 'If he shows gratitude to you, it will be good for him and bad for you. If he disobeys you, it will be good for you and bad for him.' The Prophet ﷺ asked, 'What do you think of his wealth?' The man replied, 'If he dies and has no heirs, his wealth will be yours.' This is how the messenger ﷺ came."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ فَرَأَى رَجُلًا يُبَاعُ فَسَاوَمَ بِهِ ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ فَاشْتَرَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَأَعْتَقَهُ ثُمَّ أَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ هَذَا فَأَعْتَقْتُهُ فَمَا تَرَى فِيهِ؟ قَالَ أَخُوكَ وَمَوْلَاكَ قَالَ مَا تَرَى فِي صُحْبَتِهِ؟ قَالَ إِنْ شَكَرَكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَشَرٌّ لَكَ وَإِنْ كَفَرَكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ وَشَرٌّ لَهُ قَالَ مَا تَرَى فِي مَالِهِ؟ قَالَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَدَعْ وَارِثًا فَلَكَ مَالُهُ هَكَذَا جَاءَ مُرْسَلًا
[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet, ﷺ : "A woman has three entitlements: her share of inheritance, her dowry, and her child who has been cursed by her." This point is not definitive. Imam al-Bukhari said, "Umar ibn Ru'bahtah al-Tughlabi narrated from 'Abd al-Wahid al-Nasri, there is a difference of opinion regarding it." Abu Sa'd al-Malini said, "I am Abu Ahmad ibn 'Adi and I heard Ibn Hamad mentioning it from al-Bukhari." Abu Ahmad said, "His hadiths regarding 'Abd al-Wahid al-Nasri were rejected."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ تَحُوزُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثَلَاثَ مَوَارِيثَ لَقِيطَهَا وَعَتِيقَهَا وَوَلَدَهَا الَّذِي لَاعَنَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذَا غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ 12384 قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عُمَرُ بْنُ رُؤْبَةَ التَّغْلِبِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ النَّصْرِيِّ فِيهِ نَظَرٌ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ حَمَّادٍ يَذْكُرُهُ عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ أَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ أَحَادِيثَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ النَّصْرِيِّ
[Machine] That the daughter of Hamza freed a servant boy and then she died, leaving behind her daughter and Hamza's daughter. It is claimed that the Prophet ﷺ distributed half to her and half to her daughter.
أَنَّ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ أَعْتَقَتْ غُلَامًا لَهَا فَتُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ لَهَا النِّصْفَ وَلِابْنَتِهِ النِّصْفَ
[Machine] The master of Hamzah's daughter died and left behind his daughter and Hamzah's daughter. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave half to his daughter and half to Hamzah's daughter. This was narrated by Salamah ibn Kuhayl and Ash-Sha'biy from Abdullah ibn Shaddad. Ibn Shaddad was the foster brother of Hamzah's daughter. The hadith is disconnected and it was said that Ash-Sha'biy narrated from Abdullah ibn Shaddad from his father, but it is not verified. Ibn Abi Layla narrated it from Al-Hakam from Abdullah ibn Shaddad from Hamzah's daughter. All of these narrators unanimously agreed that Hamzah's daughter was the freed slave. Ibrahim An-Nakha'i said that the slave of Hamzah ibn Abdul-Muttalib died and the Prophet ﷺ gave half of the inheritance as a gift to Hamzah's daughter and took the other half. This is a mistake, and Sharik said that Ibrahim made this mistake unless he heard something and narrated it.
مَاتَ مَوْلًى لَابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِابْنَتِهِ النِّصْفَ وَلِابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ النِّصْفَ وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ وَابْنِ شَدَّادٍ أَخُو بِنْتِ حَمْزَةَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَالْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَلَيْسَ بِمَحْفُوظٍ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ عَنِ ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ وَكُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ أَجْمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ هِيَ الْمُعْتَقَةُ وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ تُوُفِّيَ مَوْلًى لِحَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَأَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ النِّصْفَ طُعْمَةً وَقَبَضَ النِّصْفَ وَهَذَا غَلَطٌ وَقَدْ قَالَ شَرِيكٌ تَقَحَّمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ تَقَحُّمًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ سَمِعَ شَيْئًا فَرَوَاهُ
[Machine] A man died and left behind his daughter and his freed slaves, whom he had emancipated. So the Prophet gave half to his daughter and half to the freed slaves, and this is also a hadith.
أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَمَوَالِيَهُ الَّذِينَ أَعْتَقُوهُ فَأَعْطَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ابْنَتَهُ النِّصْفَ وَمَوَالِيَهُ النِّصْفَ وَهَذَا أَيْضًا مُرْسَلٌ
[Machine] His companions said, "Whenever Zaid couldn't find anyone from this group, meaning the clan, he wouldn't respond to anyone who shot an arrow, but he would respond to those who pledged allegiance. If there was no one to pledge allegiance, then he would turn to the treasury."
عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ قَالُوا كَانَ زَيْدٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ أَحَدًا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ يَعْنِي الْعَصَبَةَ لَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَى ذِي سَهْمٍ وَلَكِنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَى الْمَوَالِي فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَوَالٍ فَعَلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ
[Machine] Abdullah does not inherit anything from his relatives, and Ali and Zaid say, "If the relative has a share, then he has his share, and whatever remains belongs to the muwallis, they are the kalalah."
عَبْدُ اللهِ لَا يُوَرِّثُ مَوَالِيَ مَعَ ذِي رَحِمٍ شَيْئًا وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ وَزَيْدٌ ؓ يَقُولَانِ إِذَا كَانَ ذُو رَحِمٍ ذُو سَهْمٍ فَلَهُ سَهْمُهُ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْمَوَالِي هُمْ كَلَالَةٌ
[Machine] I saw the woman who inherited from Ali, so he gave half to the daughter and half to the slaves. The narration about this from Ali differs, it is narrated differently from him.
رَأَيْتُ الْمَرْأَةَ الَّتِي وَرَّثَهَا عَلِيٌّ ؓ فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ وَالْمَوَالِيَ النِّصْفَ الرِّوَايَةُ فِي هَذَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ هَكَذَا
[Machine] Ali used to give half to his daughter and one-eighth to his wife and return the remainder to his daughter.
كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ يُعْطِي الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ وَالْمَرْأَةَ الثُّمُنَ وَيَرُدُّ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى الِابْنَةِ
[Machine] "Umar and Abdullah inherit the womb apart from the guardians, so I said to him 'Would Ali do that?' He said, 'Ali used to be the strictest among them in that.'"
عُمَرُ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ ؓ يُوَرِّثَانِ الْأَرْحَامَ دُونَ الْمَوَالِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَفَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ أَشَدَّهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ