34. Inheritance
٣٤۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ
[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "A killer does not inherit from the blood money of the one he killed."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلٌ مِنْ دِيَةِ مَنْ قَتَلَ
[Machine] "He said in his text that the intentional or unintentional killer does not inherit anything from the blood money."
أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي مَتْنِهِ لَا يَرِثُ قَاتِلُ عَمْدٍ وَلَا خَطَأٍ شَيْئًا مِنَ الدِّيَةِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَا الْفَسَوِيُّ ثنا اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ
[Machine] That a man with leprosy named 'Adi had two wives, and they fought and one of them was killed. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived, 'Adi informed him about it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Exercise self-restraint and do not inherit her."
أَنَّ عَدِيًّا الْجُذَامِيَّ كَانَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتَانِ اقْتَتَلَتَا فَرَمَى إِحْدَاهُمَا فَمَاتَتْ مِنْهَا فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَتَاهُ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ اعْقِلْهَا وَلَا تَرِثْهَا
[Machine] There was a man from the Banu Mudlij tribe named Qatadah. He had a mother and children, and he married an Arab woman. She said, "I will not be satisfied with you unless you take care of my children." He ordered her to take care of them, but his sons refused. Qatadah took one of his sons and killed him with a sword. Suraqah bin Malik bin Ju'shum went to Umar bin Al-Khattab and informed him of this. Umar said to him, "Prepare for me twenty hundred camels from the land of Banu Mudlij." When Umar arrived, he took thirty female camels, thirty males, and forty young ones. Then he said, "Where is the brother of the slain?" I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "The killer has no claim. These are good genealogical ties; some strengthen others. It has been narrated that it is connected from different aspects."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ يُدْعَى قَتَادَةَ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنْهَا ابْنَانِ فَتَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فَقَالَتْ لَا أَرْضَى عَنْكَ حَتَّى تَرْعَى عَلَيَّ أُمُّ وَلَدِكَ فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَرْعَى عَلَيْهَا فَأَبَى ابْنَاهَا ذَلِكَ فَتَنَاوَلَ قَتَادَةُ أَحَدَ ابْنَيْهِ بِالسَّيْفِ فَمَاتَ فَقَدِمَ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُعْشُمٍ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَعْدِدْ لِي بِقُدَيْدٍ وَهِيَ أَرْضُ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَخَذَ ثَلَاثِينَ جَذَعَةً وَثَلَاثِينَ حِقَّةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ خَلِفَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيْنَ أَخُو الْمَقْتُولِ؟ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَيْسَ لِلْقَاتِلِ شَيْءٌ هَذِهِ مَرَاسِيلُ جَيِّدَةٌ يَقْوَى بَعْضُهَا بِبَعْضٍ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "A killer has no rights, unless he has an inheritor who is the closest person to him, and the killer does not inherit anything."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ شَيْءٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ يَرِثُهُ أَقْرَبُ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ شَيْئًا
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The murderer does not have any share of inheritance."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ لِلْقَاتِلِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ شَيْءٌ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever kills a person, then they shall not inherit from him, even if they have no other inheritors. And if they have children or parents, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has decreed that the killer shall not receive any inheritance."
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرِثُهُ وَإِنَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ وَلَدَهُ أَوْ وَالِدَهُ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى لَيْسَ لِقَاتِلٍ مِيرَاثٌ
[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The killer does not inherit. Ishaaq ibn Abdullah cannot be used as evidence except that his testimony strengthens it. And Allah knows best."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْقَاتِلُ لَا يَرِثُ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّ شَوَاهِدَهُ تُقَوِّيهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ
[Machine] "A murderer does not inherit a mistake or intentionally."
عُمَرُ لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ خَطَأً وَلَا عَمْدًا
[Machine] Ali, Zaid, and Abdullah said, "The intentional killer does not inherit anything, nor does the unintentional killer."
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ قَالُوا لَا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ عَمْدًا وَلَا خَطَأً شَيْئًا
[Machine] A man threw a stone that hit his mother, causing her death. He then wanted his share of her inheritance, but his brothers said he had no right to it. They went to Ali and he told him, "Your share of her inheritance is the stone that killed her, and you are obliged to pay the blood money. You will not be given anything from her inheritance."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا رَمَى بِحَجَرٍ فَأَصَابَ أُمَّهُ فَمَاتَتْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَرَادَ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ إِخْوَتُهُ لَا حَقَّ لَكَ فَارْتَفَعُوا إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ حَظُّكَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا الْحَجَرُ وَأَغْرَمَهُ الدِّيَةَ وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا شَيْئًا
[Machine] A man who deliberately kills a man or a woman, and is one of their heirs, has no inheritance from them. And whatever woman kills a man or a woman, deliberately or accidentally, she has no inheritance from them. And if the killing is deliberate, the relatives of the victim have the right to either forgive or demand retaliation. If they forgive, there is no inheritance for them from his intellect or his wealth. This was decided by Umar ibn al-Khattab and Ali and Shurayh and others from the judges of the Muslims.
رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً مِمَّنْ يَرِثُ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُ مِنْهُمَا وَأَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ قَتَلَتْ رَجُلًا أَوِ امْرَأَةً عَمْدًا أَوْ خَطَأً فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهَا مِنْهُمَا وَإِنْ كَانَ الْقَتْلُ عَمْدًا فَالْقَوَدُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُوا أَوْلِيَاءُ الْمَقْتُولِ فَإِنْ عَفَوْا فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ وَلَا مِنْ مَالِهِ قَضَى بِذَلِكَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ وَشُرَيْحٌ وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ قُضَاةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
[Machine] Those who have insight and forbidding in what kills some of you, are the messengers of Allah among you. So come to them and they said, "Indeed, Allah commands you to slaughter a cow." They said, "Do you take us in ridicule?" He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant." [Al-Baqarah 67] He said, "If they had not been so stubborn, a cow would have sufficed them, but they made it difficult for themselves. So it became difficult for them until they came to the cow that they were commanded to slaughter. And they found it belonging to a man who had no other cow. They said, "By Allah, we will not slaughter it until its owner comes back, if he ever comes." So they took it upon themselves, filling it with gold. And they slaughtered it. And when they struck him with a part of it, he stood up and they asked, "Who killed you?" He said, "This is the doing of my nephew." Then he turned back dead, without leaving a will behind him."
ذَوُو الرَّأْيِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَلَى مَا يَقْتُلُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا وَهَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِيكُمْ فَأَتَوْهُ فَقَالَ {إِنَّ اللهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ} [البقرة 67] قَالَ فَلَوْ لَمْ يَعْتَرِضُوا الْبَقَرَ لَأَجْزَأَتْ عَنْهُمْ أَدْنَى بَقَرَةٍ وَلَكِنَّهُمْ شَدَّدُوا فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْبَقَرَةِ الَّتِي أُمِرُوا بِذَبْحِهَا فَوَجَدُوهَا عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ بَقَرَةٌ غَيْرَهَا فَقَالَ وَاللهِ لَا أَنْقُصُهَا مِنْ مِلْءِ جِلْدِهَا ذَهَبًا فَأَخَذُوهَا بِمِلْءِ جِلْدِهَا ذَهَبًا فَذَبَحُوهَا فَضَرَبُوهُ بِبَعْضِهَا فَقَامَ فَقَالُوا مَنْ قَتَلَكَ؟ قَالَ هَذَا لِابْنِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ مَالَ مَيِّتًا فَلَمْ يُعْطَ ابْنُ أَخِيهِ مِنْ مَالِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُوَرَّثْ قَاتِلٌ بَعْدَهُ