34. Inheritance
٣٤۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ
[Machine] I heard Jabir ibn Abdullah say, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me while I was sick. He performed ablution and poured some of his ablution water on me. So I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I only have female relatives, so how will inheritance be for them?' Then the verse of compulsory inheritances (Al-Faraid) was revealed."
سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ يَقُولُ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا مَرِيضٌ فَتَوَضَّأَ وَنَضَحَ عَلَيَّ مِنْ وَضُوئِهِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّمَا يَرِثُنِي كَلَالَةٌ فَكَيْفَ الْمِيرَاثُ؟ فَنَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْفَرَائِضِ
Allah's Apostle ﷺ and Abi Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) visited me on foot in Banu Salama, and found me unconscious. He (the Holy Prophet) called for water and performed ablution and sprinkled out of it (the water) over me. I felt relieved. I said: Messenger of Allah, what should I do with my property? And this verse was revealed:" Allah enjoins you concerning your children: for the male is equal of the portion of two females." (Using translation from Muslim 1616b)
عَادَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَوَجَدَنِي لَا أَعْقِلُ فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ فَرَشَّ عَلَيَّ مِنْهُ فَأَفَقْتُ فَقُلْتُ كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ فِي مَالِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَنَزَلَتْ فِيَّ {يُوصِيكُمُ اللهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ
سَمِعَ أَبَا أُمَامَةَ يَقُولُ شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ
[Machine] A man from the people of Al-A'la came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, indeed, a man has died and left behind an aunt and a maternal uncle. He departed and left them as heirs. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ followed him on a donkey and said, 'O Lord, a man left behind an aunt and a maternal uncle, then he passed away and left them as heirs.' Then he continued saying the same thing as he walked. Then he said, 'O Lord, a man left behind an aunt and a maternal uncle, then he passed away and left them as heirs.' Then he said, 'O Lord, a man left behind an aunt and a maternal uncle, and I do not see anything descending upon me, which is not theirs."
أَتَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ أهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ رَجُلًا هَلَكَ وَتَرَكَ عَمَّةً وَخَالَةً انْطَلِقَ تَقْسِمْ مِيرَاثَهُ فَتَبِعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى حِمَارٍ وَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّةً وَخَالَةً ثُمَّ سَارَ هُنَيَّةً ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّةً وَخَالَةً ثُمَّ سَارَ هُنَيَّةً ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ عَمَّةً وَخَالَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ لَا أَرَى يَنْزِلُ عَلَيَّ شَيْءٌ لَا شَيْءَ لَهُمَا
[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ rode to Quba and sought guidance regarding the inheritance of his aunt and maternal aunt. It was revealed to him that they have no inheritance. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muhammad informed us, Abu al-Husayn al-Fasawi narrated to us, Abu Ali al-Lu'layyi narrated to us, Abu Dawud mentioned it, and Abu Nuaym Durar ibn Surad narrated it from Abdul Aziz, connected to the mention of Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri. In it, the narration is 12204. And it is narrated from Shareek ibn Abi Namir that Harith ibn Abd informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked about the inheritance of the aunt and maternal aunt, and he remained silent, so Jibril ﷺ descended upon him and said, "Jibril informed me that they have no inheritance."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ رَكِبَ إِلَى قُبَاءَ يَسْتَخِيرُ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْعَمَّةِ وَالْخَالَةِ فَأُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُمَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أنا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ ثنا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ فَذَكَرَهُ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ضِرَارُ بْنُ صُرَدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ؓ فِيهِ 12204 وَرُوِيَ عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ عَبْدٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ سُئِلَ عَنْ مِيرَاثِ الْعَمَّةِ وَالْخَالَةِ فَسَكَتَ فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِي جِبْرَائِيلُ أَنْ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُمَا
وَلَا الْجَدُّ أَبُو الْأُمِّ وَلَا ابْنَةُ الْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَلَا الْعَمَّةُ أُخْتُ الْأَبِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ وَلَا الْخَالَةُ وَلَا مَنْ هُوَ أَبْعَدُ نَسَبًا مِنَ الْمُتَوَفَّى مِمَّنْ هُوَ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ لَا يَرِثُ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ بِرَحِمِهِ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا
[Machine] The aunt's matter is being asked about and deliberated upon. He came to him with it, seeking advice, so he rejected it. He called for a paper or a cup with water in it, and erased that writing on it, then he said, "If Allah is pleased with you, I shall accept you."
شَأْنِ الْعَمَّةِ يَسْأَلُ عَنْهَا وَيَسْتَخِيرُ فِيهَا فَأَتَاهُ بِهِ يَرْفَأُ فَدَعَا بِتَوْرٍ أَوْ قَدَحٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ فَمَحَا ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابَ فِيهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْ رَضِيَكَ اللهُ لَأَقَرَّكَ لَوْ رَضِيَكَ اللهُ لَأَقَرَّكَ
[Machine] Regarding the Caliphate of Umar, the narration of the Madinah inhabitants is more reliable, and Allah knows best.
عَنْ عُمَرَ بِخِلَافِهِ وَرِوَايَةُ الْمَدَنِيِّينَ أَوْلَى بِالصِّحَّةِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ