34. Inheritance
٣٤۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ
[Machine] And the inheritance of brothers, if there is no one among the children of the mother and father, is like the inheritance of brothers from the same parents, both males and females. Except that they do not share with the children of the mother in this obligation, which the children of the father and mother share. So, if the brothers from the mother and father come together, there will be male heirs from the father and mother, and there will be no inheritance with them for any of the brothers from the father. And if the children of the mother and father are only one woman, and the children of the father are one woman or more than that of females, there is no male in them. Then, it is obligatory to give half to the sister from the father and mother, and it is obligatory to give one-sixth to the daughters of the father, to complete the two-thirds. If there is a male brother from the father, there is no obligation for them, and the distribution starts with the heirs, and they are given their obligations. If there is anything remaining after that, it is considered a favor between the children of the father, like the share of two females. If there is nothing remaining, they receive nothing. If the children of the mother and father are two women or more than that of females, then two-thirds are obligatory for them, and there is no inheritance with them for the daughters of the father except if there is a male with them from the father. If there is a male with them, the distribution starts with the obligations of those who have an obligation, and they are given their obligations. If there is anything remaining after that, it is considered a favor between the children of the father, like the share of two females. If there is nothing remaining, they receive nothing.
وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ سَوَاءٌ ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَشْتَرِكُونَ مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ الَّتِي شَرَكَهُمْ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ فَكَانَ فِي بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ ذَكَرٌ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً وَكَانَ بَنُو الْأَبِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ لَا ذَكَرَ فِيهِنَّ فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ وَيُفْرَضُ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ لَهُمْ وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ امْرَأَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ فَيُفْرَضُ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُنَّ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ مِنْ أَبٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ بُدِئَ بِفَرَائِضِ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فَأُعْطُوهَا فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ
[Machine] And about Ibrahim and Ash-Sha'bi, a sister to a father and mother and a brother and sisters to a father, in the saying of Ali and Zaid for the sister from the father and mother is half, and what remains for the sisters and the brother from the father is "for the male, a portion equal to that of two females" [An-Nisa 11]. And in the saying of Abdullah for the sister from the father and mother, half, and for the sisters from the father, two-thirds, and what remains for the brother from the father is two sisters to a father and mother and a brother and sister to a father, in the saying of Ali and Zaid for the two sisters from the father and mother, two-thirds, and what remains between the sister and the brother is "for the male, a portion equal to that of two females" [An-Nisa 11]. And in the saying of Abdullah for the two sisters from the father and mother, two-thirds, and what remains for the male is less than the female; because he did not intend to give the sisters more than two-thirds.
وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ وَأَخَوَاتٌ لِأَبٍ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْأَخَوَاتِ وَالْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] وَفِي قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ وَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ تَكْمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ أُخْتَانِ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ وَأُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَمَا بَقِيَ بَيْنَ الْأُخْتِ وَالْأَخِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] وَفِي قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلذَّكَرِ دُونَ الْأُنْثَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرْمِي أَنْ يَزِيدَ الْأَخَوَاتِ عَلَى الثُّلُثَيْنِ
You recite: ʿafter the payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debtsʿ [an-Nisaʿ 4:12]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that debts must be paid before carrying out bequests, [And he ruled] that sons from the same father and mother inherit from one another, but sons from different mothers (but the same father) do not. A man inherits from his brother through his father and mother but not from his brother through his father only. (Using translation from Aḥmad 1222)
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الدَّيْنَ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَأَنْتُمْ تَقْرَءُونَهَا {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ} [النساء 12] وإِنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ إِخْوَتِهِ لِأَبِيهِ