34. Inheritance

٣٤۔ كِتَابُ الْفَرَائِضِ

34.24 [Machine] Inheritance of brothers and sisters to a father and mother or to a father

٣٤۔٢٤ بَابُ مِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ أَوْ لِأَبٍ

bayhaqi:12326[Chain 1] Abū Saʿīd b. Abū ʿAmr > Abū ʿAbdullāh Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb > Muḥammad b. Naṣr > Muḥammad b. Bakkār [Chain 2] Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-Fārisī > Ismāʿīl b. Aḥmad al-Khallālī > Abū Yaʿlá > Muḥammad b. Bakkār > ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Abū al-Zinād from his father > Khārijah b. Zayd > Abīh Zayd b. Thābit > Maʿānī Hadhih al-Farāʾiḍ And ʾUṣūlahā > Zayd b. Thābit Waʾammā al-Tafsīr Fatafsīr Abū al-Zinād > Maʿānī Zayd b. Thābit

[Machine] And the inheritance of brothers, if there is no one among the children of the mother and father, is like the inheritance of brothers from the same parents, both males and females. Except that they do not share with the children of the mother in this obligation, which the children of the father and mother share. So, if the brothers from the mother and father come together, there will be male heirs from the father and mother, and there will be no inheritance with them for any of the brothers from the father. And if the children of the mother and father are only one woman, and the children of the father are one woman or more than that of females, there is no male in them. Then, it is obligatory to give half to the sister from the father and mother, and it is obligatory to give one-sixth to the daughters of the father, to complete the two-thirds. If there is a male brother from the father, there is no obligation for them, and the distribution starts with the heirs, and they are given their obligations. If there is anything remaining after that, it is considered a favor between the children of the father, like the share of two females. If there is nothing remaining, they receive nothing. If the children of the mother and father are two women or more than that of females, then two-thirds are obligatory for them, and there is no inheritance with them for the daughters of the father except if there is a male with them from the father. If there is a male with them, the distribution starts with the obligations of those who have an obligation, and they are given their obligations. If there is anything remaining after that, it is considered a favor between the children of the father, like the share of two females. If there is nothing remaining, they receive nothing.  

البيهقي:١٢٣٢٦أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالِيُّ ثنا أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ قَالَ وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ الذَّكَرِ وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ شَيْئًا وَهُمْ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ وَبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى جَدًّا أَبَا أَبٍ يَخْلُفُونَ وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ فَضْلٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ إِنَاثًا كَانُوا أَوْ ذُكُورًا {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَبًا وَلَا جَدًّا أَبَا أَبٍ وَلَا ابْنًا وَلَا وَلَدًا وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرًا وَلَا أُنْثَى وَلَا ابْنًا ذَكَرًا وَلَا أُنْثَى فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ الْوَاحِدَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ شَرَكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ فَمَا فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَطُّ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ لَهُمْ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ فَاشْتَرَكُوا مَعَ بَنِي أُمِّهِمْ وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا وَأَخَوَيْهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَإِخْوَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا فَكَانَ لِزَوْجِهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأُمِّهَا السُّدُسُ وَلِابْنَيْ أُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ فَلَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ يَشْتَرِكُ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي ثُلُثِهِمْ فَيَكُونُ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ بَنُو أُمِّ الْمُتَوَفَّى قَالَ

وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ سَوَاءٌ ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَشْتَرِكُونَ مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ الَّتِي شَرَكَهُمْ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ فَكَانَ فِي بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ ذَكَرٌ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً وَكَانَ بَنُو الْأَبِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ لَا ذَكَرَ فِيهِنَّ فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ وَيُفْرَضُ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ لَهُمْ وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ امْرَأَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ فَيُفْرَضُ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُنَّ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ مِنْ أَبٍ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ بُدِئَ بِفَرَائِضِ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فَأُعْطُوهَا فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ  

bayhaqi:12327Abū Bakr Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Aṣbahānī > Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbdullāh > Ismāʿīl b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥārith > al-Ḥasan b. ʿĪsá > Jarīr > al-Mughīrah > Aṣḥābih > Aṣḥāb Ibrāhīm And al-Shhaʿbī

[Machine] And about Ibrahim and Ash-Sha'bi, a sister to a father and mother and a brother and sisters to a father, in the saying of Ali and Zaid for the sister from the father and mother is half, and what remains for the sisters and the brother from the father is "for the male, a portion equal to that of two females" [An-Nisa 11]. And in the saying of Abdullah for the sister from the father and mother, half, and for the sisters from the father, two-thirds, and what remains for the brother from the father is two sisters to a father and mother and a brother and sister to a father, in the saying of Ali and Zaid for the two sisters from the father and mother, two-thirds, and what remains between the sister and the brother is "for the male, a portion equal to that of two females" [An-Nisa 11]. And in the saying of Abdullah for the two sisters from the father and mother, two-thirds, and what remains for the male is less than the female; because he did not intend to give the sisters more than two-thirds.  

البيهقي:١٢٣٢٧أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عِيسَى أنا جَرِيرٌ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَعَنْ أَصْحَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ

وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ وَأَخَوَاتٌ لِأَبٍ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْأَخَوَاتِ وَالْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] وَفِي قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ وَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ تَكْمِلَةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ أُخْتَانِ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ وَأُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَمَا بَقِيَ بَيْنَ الْأُخْتِ وَالْأَخِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] وَفِي قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَمَا بَقِيَ لِلذَّكَرِ دُونَ الْأُنْثَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرْمِي أَنْ يَزِيدَ الْأَخَوَاتِ عَلَى الثُّلُثَيْنِ  

bayhaqi:12328Abū ʿAlī al-Rūdhbārī > ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar b. Aḥmad b. Shawdhab al-Muqriʾ Biwāsiṭ > Shuʿayb b. Ayyūb > Muʿāwiyah b. Hishām > Sufyān > Abū Isḥāq > al-Ḥārith > ʿAlī

You recite: ʿafter the payment of legacies he may have bequeathed or debtsʿ [an-Nisaʿ 4:12]. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that debts must be paid before carrying out bequests, [And he ruled] that sons from the same father and mother inherit from one another, but sons from different mothers (but the same father) do not. A man inherits from his brother through his father and mother but not from his brother through his father only. (Using translation from Aḥmad 1222)   

البيهقي:١٢٣٢٨أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ الْمُقْرِئُ بِوَاسِطَ ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ

قَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الدَّيْنَ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَأَنْتُمْ تَقْرَءُونَهَا {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ} [النساء 12] وإِنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ دُونَ إِخْوَتِهِ لِأَبِيهِ