[Machine] That grandparents divide inheritance between siblings, of the father, mother and siblings of the father, what is divided is worth more than one-third of the wealth. If there are many siblings, the grandparent is given one-third, and the rest is for the siblings. [For males is a share equal to that of two females] [An-Nisa 11]. He also decreed that the children of the father and mother have more right to it than the children of the father, both males and females. However, the children of the father divide the grandparent between the children of the father and mother, so they give back to them and the children of the father do not have anything with the children of the father and mother unless the sons of the father give back to the daughters of the father and mother. If there is anything left after the obligations of the daughters of the father and mother, it is for the siblings of the father. [For males is a share equal to that of two females] [An-Nisa 11].  

أَنَّ الْجَدَّ يُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ وَالْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ مَا كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ الْمَالِ فَإِنْ كَثُرَتِ الْإِخْوَةُ أُعْطِيَ الْجَدُّ الثُّلُثَ وَكَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَقِيَ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ} [النساء 11] الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَقَضَى أَنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مِنْ بَنِي الْأَبِ ذُكُورِهِمْ وَإِنَاثِهِمْ غَيْرَ أَنَّ بَنِي الْأَبِ يُقَاسِمُونَ الْجَدَّ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَيَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ مَعَ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنُو الْأَبِ يَرُدُّونَ عَلَى بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَإِنْ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ بَعْدَ فَرَائِضِ بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11]  

[Machine] Then I considered Amir al-Mu'minin Uthman bin Affan, who used to divide among the grandparents and siblings as I have written to you in this document.  

ثُمَّ حَسِبْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ كَانَ يَقْسِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْإِخْوَةِ نَحْوَ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فِي هَذِهِ الصَّحِيفَةِ  

[Machine] "And Allah knows best, and that is what was not decreed except by the rulers, meaning the caliphs. I have witnessed two caliphates before you, they allot him half with one brother and a third with two. If there are many siblings, the third is not diminished from him. He said, and I, Malik, have heard that Sulayman ibn Yasar said, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Zaid ibn Thabit obliged the third to the paternal grandfather with the siblings."  

وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ يَقْضِي فِيهِ إِلَّا الْأُمَرَاءُ يَعْنِي الْخُلَفَاءَ وَقَدْ حَضَرْتُ الْخَلِيفَتَيْنِ قَبْلَكَ يُعْطِيَانِهِ النِّصْفَ مَعَ الْأَخِ الْوَاحِدِ وَالثُّلُثَ مَعَ الِاثْنَيْنِ فَإِنْ كَثُرَ الْإِخْوَةُ لَمْ يُنْقِصَاهُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ 12434 قَالَ وَأنا مَالِكٌ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فَرَضَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ ؓ لِلْجَدِّ الثُّلُثَ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ  

[Machine] Ali gives one third of his fortune to his brothers, while Umar gives him one sixth. Umar writes to Abdullah, saying, "We are afraid that we have been unjust with the distribution, so give him one third." When Ali arrived, Umar gave him one sixth, and Obaidah said, "I prefer their agreement in unity over any disagreement in separation."  

عَلِيٌّ ؓ يُعْطِي الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ الثُّلُثَ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ يُعْطِيهِ السُّدُسَ وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ إِنَّا نَخَافُ أَنْ نَكُونَ قَدْ أَجْحَفْنَا بِالْجَدِّ فَأَعْطِهِ الثُّلُثَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ هَا هُنَا أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ فَقَالَ عَبِيدَةُ فَرَأْيُهُمَا فِي الْجَمَاعَةِ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ رَأْيِ أَحَدِهِمَا فِي الْفُرْقَةِ  

[Machine] And Abdullah used to give him a sixth, then he turned to one-third.  

وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ كَانَ يُعْطِيهِ السُّدُسَ ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ  

[Machine] Umar and Abdullah used to share with their brothers in seriousness what was between them and what was better for them than their division. Then Umar wrote to Abdullah, "It seems to us that we have been unjust in sharing with seriousness, so when my letter comes to you, share with it what is between you and what is better for you than your division." Abdullah took hold of that.  

كَانَ عُمَرُ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ يُقَاسِمَانِ بِالْجَدِّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ السُّدُسُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ مُقَاسَمَتِهِمْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ عُمَرَ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ مَا أُرَانَا إِلَّا قَدْ أَجْحَفْنَا بِالْجَدِّ فَإِذَا جَاءَكَ كِتَابِي هَذَا فَقَاسِمْ بِهِ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الثُّلُثُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ مُقَاسَمَتِهِمْ فَأَخَذَ بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اللهِ  

[Machine] Six brothers and a grandfather, so he wrote to him, "Make him one of them and erase my book."  

سِتَّةِ إِخْوَةٍ وَجَدٍّ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ اجْعَلْهُ كَأَحَدِهِمْ وَامْحُ كِتَابِي  

[Machine] Give him seven dollars.  

أَعْطِهِ سُبْعَ الْمَالِ  

[Machine] He used to consider seriousness a brother until it becomes a sixth.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَجْعَلُ الْجَدَّ أَخًا حَتَّى يَكُونَ سَادِسًا  

[Machine] Ali used to share the inheritance equally with his siblings, totaling to six shares. If the siblings increase in number, he would receive one-sixth and each person would receive their rightful share. He does not inherit a brother or sister from his mother's side, and he does not divide with a brother from the father and mother's side. He does not increase the shares of the inheritance with the grandchildren, except if he has no other inheritors. If there is a sister from the father and mother's side, and a brother from the father's side, he gives the sister half and distributes the other half between himself and the brother. If there is a sister from the father and mother's side, a brother, and a sister from the father's side, he gives the sister from the father and mother's side ten shares, and distributes half of the remaining shares between himself and the brother, while the grandfather receives two shares.  

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ كَانَ يُشْرِكُ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ إِلَى سِتَّةٍ هُوَ سَادِسُهُمْ فَإِذَا كَثُرُوا أَعْطَاهُ السُّدْسَ وَيُعْطِي كُلَّ صَاحِبِ فَرِيضَةٍ فَرِيضَتَهُ وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ أَخًا لِأُمٍّ وَلَا أُخْتًا لِأُمٍّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ وَلَا يُقَاسِمُ بِأَخٍ لِأَبٍ أَخًا لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ عَلَى السُّدُسِ إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ غَيْرُهُ وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ لِأَبٍ وَجَدٍّ أَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ النِّصْفَ وَجَعَلَ النِّصْفَ بَيْنَ الْجَدِّ وَالْأَخِ وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ وَأُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَجَدٍّ جَعَلَهَا مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ وَلِلْأَخِ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمَانِ وَلِلْأُخْتِ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمٌ  

[Machine] Abdullah used to share the inheritance equally among his brothers. If taking one-third was better for him than dividing, he would take one-third and give each inheritor their share. He does not inherit from his mother's brother or sister along with his siblings, and does not divide with a brother of his father, nor with a brother and mother. He does not inherit from his cousin along with his siblings. If there is a sister of his father and mother, a brother of his father, and a grandfather, he would give the sister half and give the grandfather half, and the brother would not receive anything. If he has siblings and a grandfather, and someone among them has a specific share, he would give each of them their specific share. If one-third of what remains is better for him than dividing, he would give one-third of what remains. If dividing is better for him, he would divide. If taking one-sixth of the total wealth is better for him than dividing, he would give one-sixth. If dividing is better for him than one-sixth of the total wealth, he would divide.  

كَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ يُشْرِكُ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الثُّلُثُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ وَيُعْطِي كُلَّ صَاحِبِ فَرِيضَةٍ فَرِيضَتَهُ وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ أَخًا لِأُمٍّ وَلَا أُخْتًا لِأُمٍّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ وَلَا يُقَاسِمُ بِأَخٍ لِأَبٍ أَخًا لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَلَا يُوَرِّثُ ابْنَ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أُخْتٌ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ وَأَخٌ لِأَبٍ وَجَدٍّ أَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفَ وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ النِّصْفَ وَلَا يُعْطِي الْأَخَ شَيْئًا وَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ وَأَخَوَاتٌ وَجَدٌّ وَمَنْ لَهُ مَعَهُمْ فَرِيضَةٌ أَعْطَى كُلَّ صَاحِبِ فَرِيضَةٍ فَرِيضَتَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلُثُ مَا يَبْقَى خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ ثُلُثَ مَا بَقِيَ وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ قَاسَمَ وَإِنْ كَانَ سُدُسُ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ سُدُسِ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ قَاسَمَ  

[Machine] And about Ibrahim and Al-Sha'bi regarding a daughter, a sister, and a grandfather, Ali said: "The daughter gets half, the grandfather gets a sixth, and the sister gets what remains." Similarly, he said about a daughter, two sisters, and a grandfather, and in the case of a daughter and sisters and a grandfather.  

وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ فِي ابْنَةٍ وَأُخْتٍ وَجَدٍّ فِي قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ وَلِلْأُخْتِ مَا بَقِيَ وَكَذَا قَالَ فِي ابْنَةٍ وَأُخْتَيْنِ وَجَدٍّ وَفِي ابْنَةٍ وَأَخَوَاتٍ وَجَدٍّ  

[Machine] From four, the daughter has half, the grandfather has one share, and the sister has one share. If there are two sisters, then from eight, the daughter has four, the grandfather has two shares, and the sisters have one share each. If there are three sisters, then from ten, the daughter has five, the grandfather has two shares, and the sisters have one share each  

مِنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ؛ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ سَهْمَانِ وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمٌ وَلِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ وَإِنْ كَانَتَا أُخْتَيْنِ فَمِنْ ثَمَانِيَةٍ؛ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ وَلِلْأُخْتَيْنِ سَهْمٌ سَهْمٌ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ ثَلَاثُ أَخَوَاتٍ فَمِنْ عَشَرَةٍ؛ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ خَمْسَةٌ وَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ وَهُوَ خُمُسُ مَا بَقِيَ وَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ سَهْمٌ سَهْمٌ  

[Machine] That it reaches one-fifth, and if it reaches one-fifth, then he gives her one-third, and what remains is for the sisters. If there are obligations to a wife, husband, or mother, the heirs give their obligations and what remains is divided between the brothers and sisters. If one-third of what remains is better for him than the division, he gives one-third of what remains. If the division is better for him than one-third of what remains, he divides it. If the sixth of the entire property is better for him than the division, he gives the sixth. If the division is better for him than the sixth of the entire property, he divides it. In the society of Akdariyah, if there is a husband, mother, sister, and grandfather, he made it from nine, then multiplied it by three, so it became twenty-seven. He gives the husband nine shares, the mother six shares, the grandfather eight shares, and the sister four shares.  

أَنْ يَبْلُغْنَ خُمُسًا فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ خُمُسًا أَعْطَاهُ الثُّلُثَ وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ فَإِنْ لَحِقَتْ فَرَائِضُ امْرَأَةٍ أَوْ زَوْجٍ أَوْ أُمٍّ أَعْطَى أَهْلَ الْفَرَائِضِ فَرَائِضَهُمْ وَمَا بَقِيَ قَاسَمَ الْإِخْوَةَ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ فَإِنْ كَانَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ ثُلُثَ مَا بَقِيَ وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ مَا بَقِيَ قَاسَمَ وَإِنْ كَانَ سُدُسُ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَاسَمَةِ أَعْطَاهُ السُّدُسَ وَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُقَاسَمَةُ خَيْرًا لَهُ مِنْ سُدُسِ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ قَاسَمَ وَفِي الْأَكْدَرِيَّةِ إِذَا كَانَ زَوْجٌ وَأُمٌّ وَأُخْتٌ وَجَدٌّ جَعَلَهَا مِنْ تِسْعَةٍ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهَا فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ فَكَانَ مِنْ سَبْعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ فَأَعْطَى الزَّوْجَ تِسْعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ وَأَعْطَى الْأُمَّ سِتَّةَ أَسْهُمٍ وَأَعْطَى الْجَدَّ ثَمَانِيَةَ أَسْهُمٍ وَأَعْطَى الْأُخْتَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ  

[Machine] "It is better for the third of the grandfather's fortune to be given to him and to the brothers. Should he be a sibling and divide the fortune that has come to them, and for him {is a portion like that of two females} [An-Nisa 11] or should he become empty of one-sixth of the entire capital? So which of these would be better for the fortune of the grandfather to be given to him and what remains after that to be divided among the brothers, for the mother and father {is a portion like that of two females} [An-Nisa 11] except in one obligatory matter where their share in it is determined differently, and that is when a woman dies and leaves her husband, mother, grandfather, and sister to her father. It is then obligatory for the husband to receive half, the mother to receive one-third, the grandfather to receive one-sixth, and the sister to receive half. Then the sixth of the grandfather and the third of the sister are added together, and they are divided into thirds, with two-thirds going to the grandfather and one-third to the sister, and the inheritance of the brothers from the father is added to the grandfather if they do not have brothers from the mother and father as their inheritance is equal to the inheritance of the brothers from the mother and father, both the males and the females. So when the brothers from the mother and father and the brothers from the father come together, the children of the mother and father will inherit the grandfather by way of their father's sons, preventing him because of the abundance of the inheritance. So whatever is left for the brothers after the grandfather's share, it will be exclusively for the children of the mother and father and the sons of the father will not have any portion of it unless the children of the mother and father are only one woman. If there is only one woman, then she inherits the grandfather through her father's sons and whatever she and they have will be between her and them, except to complete half of the entire wealth. If there is something left for her and them beyond half of the entire wealth, then that surplus will be between the sons of the father {is a portion like that of two females} [An-Nisa 11]. If there is no surplus, then there is nothing for them."  

أَنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ الثُّلُثُ مِمَّا يَحْصُلُ لَهُ وَلِلْإِخْوَةِ أَمْ يَكُونُ أَخًا وَيُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ فِيمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ وَلَهُ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] أَوِ السُّدُسُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَارِغًا؟ فَأِيُّ ذَلِكَ مَا كَانَ أَفْضَلَ لِحَظِّ الْجَدِّ أُعْطِيَهُ وَكَانَ مَا بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ تَكُونُ قَسْمُتهُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ تُوِفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا وَجَدَّهَا وَأُخْتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَيُفْرَضُ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَلِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَلِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ وَلِلْأُخْتِ النِّصْفُ ثُمَّ يُجْمَعُ سُدُسُ الْجَدِّ وَنِصْفُ الْأُخْتِ فَيُقَسَّمُ أَثْلَاثًا لِلْجَدِّ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَانِ وَلِلْأُخْتِ الثُّلُثُ وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ إِخْوَةٌ لِأُمٍّ وأب كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ سَوَاءً ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخِوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ فَإِنَّ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ يُعَادُّونَ الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهِمْ فَيَمْنَعُونَهُ بِهِمْ كَثْرَةَ الْمِيرَاثِ فَمَا حَصَّلَ للْإِخْوَةُ بَعْدَ حَظِّ الْجَدِّ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ خَاصَّةً دُونَ بَنِي الْأَبِ وَلَا يَكُونُ لِبَنِي الْأَبِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ امْرَأَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَإِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِنَّهَا تُعَادُّ الْجَدَّ بِبَنِي أَبِيهَا مَا كَانُوا فَمَا حَصَلَ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ كَانَ لَهَا دُونَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ أَنْ تَسْتَكْمِلَ نِصْفَ الْمَالِ كُلَّهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا يُحَازُ لَهَا وَلَهُمْ فَضْلٌ عَنْ نِصْفِ الْمَالِ كُلِّهِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ