[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said about the Arab Muslims, "They do not have anything from the war booty except when they fight alongside the Muslims."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي أَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ  

[Machine] And Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, was fair and just in his distribution among the people. It was said to Abu Bakr, the successor of the Messenger of Allah, "O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, if you were to favor the Muhajireen (emigrants) and the Ansar (helpers), he said, "I would buy from them the shares. As for the sustenance, equality in it is better than abundance."  

وَلِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ فَقِيلَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ لَوْ فَضَّلْتَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ فَقَالَ أَشْتَرِي مِنْهُمْ شِرًى فَأَمَّا هَذَا الْمَعَاشُ فَالْأُسْوَةُ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ  

[Machine] Abu Bakr made a division and Umar ibn Khattab asked him to favor the immigrants and the early Muslims. He said, "Shall I buy their preference from them?" So he made a division and made it fair. Al-Shafi'i and Ali ibn Abi Talib settled the matter among the people and this is what I choose. And I ask Allah for success.  

قَسَمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ أَوَّلَ مَا قَسَمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَضِّلِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَأَهْلَ السَّابِقَةِ فَقَالَ أَشْتَرِي مِنْهُمْ سَابِقَتَهُمْ؟ فَقَسَمَ فَسَوَّى قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَسَوَّى عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَهَذَا الَّذِي أَخْتَارُ وَأَسْأَلُ اللهَ التَّوْفِيقَ  

[Machine] Ali ibn Abi Talib received some money from Isfahan, so he divided it into seven equal parts. He then took a slice that was larger than the others and broke it into seven smaller pieces. He placed one of these smaller pieces on each of the original seven parts. Then he mixed them up and asked the people who should take the first one.  

أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ أَتَاهُ مَالٌ مِنْ أَصْبَهَانَ فَقَسَمَهُ بِسَبْعَةِ أَسْبَاعٍ فَفَضَلَ رَغِيفٌ فَكَسَرَهُ بِسَبْعِ كِسَرٍ فَوَضَعَ عَلَى كُلِّ جُزْءٍ كِسْرَةً ثُمَّ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَيُّهُمْ يَأْخُذُ أَوَّلَ  

[Machine] Two women came to Ali and asked him. One of them was an Arab woman and the other was a servant of hers. Ali ordered each of them to give them a kur from food and forty dirhams, forty dirhams. The servant took what she was given and left, while the Arab woman said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, will you give me the same as you gave her even though I am an Arab and she is a servant?" Ali said to her, "I have looked in the Book of Allah and I have not found any preference for the descendants of Isma'il over the descendants of Ishaq."  

أَتَتْ عَلِيًّا امْرَأَتَانِ تَسْأَلَانِهِ؛ عَرَبِيَّةٌ وَمَوْلَاةٌ لَهَا فَأَمَرَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا بِكُرٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَمًا فَأَخَذَتِ الْمَوْلَاةُ الَّذِي أُعْطِيَتْ وَذَهَبَتْ وَقَالَتِ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ تُعْطِينِي مِثْلَ الَّذِي أَعْطَيْتَ هَذِهِ وَأَنَا عَرَبِيَّةٌ وَهِيَ مَوْلَاةٌ؟ قَالَ لَهَا عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِنِّي نَظَرْتُ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ فَلَمْ أَرَ فِيهِ فَضْلًا لِوَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَى وَلَدِ إِسْحَاقَ  

[Machine] I need the assistance of the Prophets' liberator; for I witnessed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when something came to him that he did not start with any of them.  

لَهُ حَاجَتِي عَطَاءُ الْمُحَرَّرِينَ؛ فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ جَاءَهُ شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَبْدَأْ بِأَوَّلَ مِنْهُمْ  

[Machine] That Omar mandated five thousand for the people of Badr and said, "I will prioritize them over others."  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ فَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ وَقَالَ لَأُفَضِّلَنَّهُمْ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ  

ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab fixed a grant of 4000 (Dirhams) for every Early Emigrant (i.e. Muhajir) and fixed a grant of 3500 (Dirhams) only for Ibn ʿUmar. Somebody said to ʿUmar, "Ibn ʿUmar is also one of the Early Emigrants; why do you give him less than four-thousand?" ʿUmar replied, "His parents took him with them when they migrated, so he was not like the one who had migrated by himself. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3912)   

كَانَ فَرَضَ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَفَرَضَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ وَخَمْسَمِائَةٍ فَقِيلَ لَهُ هُوَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَبِمَ تُنْقِصُهُ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هَاجَرَ بِهِ أَبَوَاهُ يَقُولُ لَيْسَ كَمَنْ هَاجَرَ بِنَفْسِهِ  

[Machine] Make the love of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ equal to the love of myself?  

أَجْعَلُ حِبَّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَحِبِّ نَفْسِي؟  

[Machine] Allah divides it and I am the first among the family of the Prophet ﷺ, then the noblest of them. He prescribed for the wives of the Prophet ﷺ except Juwairiyah, Safiyah, and Maymunah. Aisha said, "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to be fair between us, so he was fair between them and Umar. Then he said, 'Indeed, I am the first among me and my companions, the first emigrants. We were expelled from our homes unjustly and aggressively, then the noblest of them. He prescribed for the companions of Badr five thousand from among them and four thousand for those who witnessed Badr from the Ansar, and prescribed for those who witnessed Hudaybiyyah three thousand. He said, 'Whoever hastens in migration, his gift is hastened, and whoever delays in migration, his gift is delayed. So, no man is to blame except he who lags behind his camel.'"  

اللهُ يَقْسِمُهُ وَأَنَا بَادِئٌ بِأَهْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ فَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا جُوَيْرِيَةَ وَصَفِيَّةَ وَمَيْمُونَةَ ؓنَّ وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَعْدِلُ بَيْنَنَا فَعَدَلَ بَيْنَهُنَّ عُمَرُ ؓ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنِّي بَادِئٌ بِي وَبِأَصْحَابِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ فَإِنَّا أُخْرِجْنَا مِنْ دِيَارِنَا ظُلْمًا وَعُدْوَانًا ثُمَّ أَشْرَفِهِمْ فَفَرَضَ لِأَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ وَلِمَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ شَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ وَقَالَ مَنْ أَسْرَعَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ أَسْرَعَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ وَمَنْ أَبْطَأَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ أَبْطَأَ بِهِ الْعَطَاءُ فَلَا يَلُومَنَّ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا مَنَاخَ رَاحِلَتِهِ  

[Machine] Indeed, you are weary. Return to your house and sleep, then come to me tomorrow morning." He said, "So I went to him the next morning, and he said, 'What did you bring?' I said, 'Five hundred thousand.' He said, 'All right?' I said, 'Yes, I don't know except that.' He said, 'Then he said to the people, 'Indeed, a lot of wealth has come to me. If you want us to distribute it to you, we will count it for you, and if you want us to measure it for you, we will measure it for you.' Then a man said, 'O Amir al-Mu'minin, I saw these non-Arab people writing down a record and giving it to the people.' He said, 'So he wrote down the records and imposed upon the Emigrants five thousand each and upon the Ansar four thousand each, and he imposed upon the wives of the Prophet ﷺ twelve thousand each.'"  

إِنَّكَ نَاعِسٌ ارْجِعْ إِلَى بَيْتِكَ فَنَمْ ثُمَّ اغْدُ عَلَيَّ قَالَ فَغَدَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا جِئْتَ بِهِ؟ قُلْتُ خَمْسُمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ قَالَ طَيِّبٌ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ لَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا ذَاكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِلنَّاسِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ قَدِمَ عَلَيَّ مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَنْ نَعُدَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدًّا وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَنْ نَكِيلَهُ لَكُمْ كَيْلًا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَعَاجِمَ يُدَوِّنُونَ دِيوَانًا يُعْطُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَدَوَّنَ الدَّوَاوِينَ وَفَرَضَ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي خَمْسَةِ أَلْفٍ خَمْسَةَ أَلْفٍ وَلِلْأَنْصَارِ فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَلْفٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَلْفٍ وَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away. Some money came from Bahrain. Abu Bakr said, "Whoever has any belongings or debts owed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, let him come and take it." Jabir ibn Abdullah stood up and said, "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'If I receive any money from Bahrain, I will give you this and this,' indicating with his hand. So Abu Bakr said to him, 'Get up and take it with your hand.' So he took it, and it was five hundred (dirhams). Abu Bakr said, 'Count it for him one thousand and divide it among the people, ten dirhams each.' And he said, 'Indeed, these are the dates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed for the people, so when the coming year arrives and there is more money than this, divide it among the people twenty dirhams each.' And there was a surplus, so he divided it among the servants, five dirhams each. Abu Bakr said, 'Indeed, you have servants who serve you and treat you, so we have set aside for them.' They said, 'If you prefer the Muhajirun and the Ansar over others due to their precedence and their status with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then the reward of those is upon Allah.' Abu Bakr said, 'Indeed, this is the livelihood that the Prophet ﷺ was upon. It is better than the accumulated wealth.' So he did this for them and held it until he died in the year thirteen in the month of Jumada al-Akhira, with a few nights remaining. Then Umar ibn al-Khattab took charge and the conquests came, and wealth came to him. So he said, 'Indeed, Abu Bakr saw something in this wealth that I see differently. I will not make the one who fought alongside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ equal to the one who fought against him.' So he allocated five thousand dirhams for the Muhajirun and the Ansar who witnessed the Battle of Badr, five thousand for Islam, like the Islam of the people of Badr who did not witness the battle, and four thousand for those who did not witness Badr. He allocated twelve thousand for the wives of the Prophet ﷺ, except for Safiyyah and Juwayriyyah, so he allocated six thousand for them, but they refused to accept it because they said, 'Indeed, you only allocated this for them due to their status as the wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and we had the same status. 'Umar knew of that, so he allocated twelve thousand for them, twelve thousand for Abbas, four thousand for Usamah ibn Zaid, and three thousand for Abdullah ibn Umar. Abdullah said, 'Oh father, why did you increase it by a thousand? The preference of Abu Usamah over your father, and Usamah was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ than you.' Umar said, 'The father of Usamah is more beloved to me than your father, and Usamah was more beloved to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ than you.' So he allocated five thousand for Hasan and Husayn and joined them with their father due to their status with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He allocated two thousand for the sons of the Muhajirun and the Ansar, two thousand each. Umar passed by Uthman, so he said, 'Increase it by one thousand for him.' Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Jahsh said to him, 'What occurred with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?' He said, 'I see nothing except that he has been killed.' So I said, 'He was indeed killed, so he unsheathed his sword and broke its scabbard,' he said, 'If the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has indeed been killed, then Allah is ever-living and does not die  

تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَاءَ مَالٌ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ شَيْءٌ أَوْ عِدَةٌ فَلْيَقُمْ فَلْيَأْخُذْ فَقَامَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَنِي مَالٌ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ لَأُعْطِيَنَّكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ وَحَثَى بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ قُمْ فَخُذْ بِيَدِكَ فَأَخَذَ فَإِذَا هُنَّ خَمْسُمِائَةٍ فَقَالَ عُدُّوا لَهُ أَلْفًا وَقَسَمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ وَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ مَوَاعِيدُ وَعَدَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عَامُ مُقْبِلٍ جَاءَ مَالٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ فَقَسَمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَفَضَلَتْ مِنْهُ فَضْلَةٌ فَقَسَمَ لِلْخَدَمِ خَمْسَةَ دَرَاهِمَ خَمْسَةَ دَرَاهِمَ وَقَالَ إِنَّ لَكُمْ خَدَمًا يَخْدُمُونَكُمْ وَيُعَالِجُونَ لَكُمْ فَرَضَخْنَا لَهُمْ فَقَالُوا لَوْ فَضَّلْتَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارَ لِسَابِقَتِهِمْ وَلِمَكَانِهِمْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَجْرُ أُولَئِكَ عَلَى اللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا الْمَعَاشَ الْأُسْوَةُ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْأَثَرَةِ فَعَمِلَ بِهَذَا وِلَايَتَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ سَنَةَ أُرَاهُ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْهُ مَاتَ فَوَلِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَفَتَحَ الْفُتُوحَ وَجَاءَتْهُ الْأَمْوَالُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ رَأَى فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ رَأْيًا وَلِي فِيهِ رَأْيٌ آخَرُ لَا أَجْعَلُ مَنْ قَاتَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَمَنْ قَاتَلَ مَعَهُ فَفَرَضَ لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ وَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ إِسْلَامٌ كَإِسْلَامِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ بَدْرًا أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَفَرَضَ لِأَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا إِلَّا صَفِيَّةَ وَجُوَيْرِيَةَ فَرَضَ لَهُمَا سِتَّةَ آلَافٍ فَأَبَتَا أَنْ تَقْبَلَا فَقَالَ لَهُمَا إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتُ لَهُنَّ لِلْهِجْرَةِ فَقَالَتَا إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتَ لَهُنَّ لِمَكَانِهِنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ لَنَا مِثْلُهُ فَعَرَفَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَفَرَضَ لَهُمَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَفَرَضَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ ؓ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَفَرَضَ لِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ وَفَرَضَ لِعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَتِ لِمَ زِدْتَهُ عَلَيَّ أَلْفًا؟ مَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَبِي وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبَا أُسَامَةَ كَانَ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ أَبِيكَ وَكَانَ أُسَامَةُ أَحَبَّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْكَ وَفَرَضَ لِلْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ ؓ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ أَلْحَقَهُمَا بِأَبِيهِمَا؛ لِمَكَانِهِمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَفَرَضَ لِأَبْنَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ أَلْفَيْنِ أَلْفَيْنِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَ زِيدُوهُ أَلْفًا فَقَالَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ مَا كَانَ لِأَبِيهِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِآبَائِنَا وَمَا كَانَ لَهُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا قَالَ إِنِّي فَرَضْتُ لَهُ بِأَبِيهِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَلْفَيْنِ وَزِدْتُهُ بِأُمِّهِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَلْفًا فَإِنْ كَانَت لَكَ أُمٌّ مِثْلُ أُمِّهِ زِدْتُكَ أَلْفًا وَفَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَالنَّاسُ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ فَجَاءَهُ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بِأَخِيهِ عُثْمَانَ فَفَرَضَ لَهُ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ فَمَرَّ بِهِ النَّضْرُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ افْرِضُوا لَهُ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ طَلْحَةُ جِئْتُكَ بِمِثْلِهِ فَفَرَضْتَ لَهُ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ وَفَرَضْتَ لِهَذَا أَلْفَيْنِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبَا هَذَا لَقِيَنِي يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَقَالَ لِي مَا فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقُلْتُ مَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ قُتِلَ فَسَلَّ سَيْفَهُ وَكَسَرَ غِمْدَهُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ قُتِلَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ فَقَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ وَهَذَا يَرْعَى الشَّاءَ فِي مَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا  

[Machine] Write Omar's age on five thousand and write mine on four thousand,' said Abdullah. 'I don't want this,' Abdullah said. Omar said, 'By Allah, I cannot and you cannot be together on five thousand.  

عُمَرُ لِابْنِ عَوْفٍ اكْتُبْهُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ وَاكْتُبْنِي عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ لَا أُرِيدُ هَذَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَاللهِ لَا أَجْتَمِعُ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said: "Whoever leaves behind wealth, it belongs to his heirs, and whoever leaves behind a debt, it is upon us."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِوَرَثَتِهِ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ كَلًّا فَإِلَيْنَا  

The Prophet ﷺ said: I am nearer to the believers than themselves, so if anyone leaves property, it goes to his heirs, and if anyone leaves debt and dependants, let the matter come to me and I shall be responsible. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2954)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِأَهْلِهِ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْنًا أَوْ ضَيَاعًا فَإِلِيَّ وَعَلَيَّ  

[Machine] "O Amir al-Mu'minin, I am the daughter of Khufaf ibn Imama, who witnessed Abu Hudaybiyyah with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Umar said, 'She is closely related.' She said, 'I have left my children and they are not well provided for, the oldest of them being struggles.' So Umar commanded her to be given a dignified load of food and clothing. A man said, 'You are giving her too much, O Amir al-Mu'minin.' Umar said, 'Her father witnessed Abu Hudaybiyyah with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and perhaps he witnessed the conquest of this city and the conquest of that city, and he had a share in it, so should she not be given from that?'"  

يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَا ابْنَةُ خُفَافِ بْنِ إِيمَاءٍ شَهِدَ أَبِي الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ عُمَرُ نَسَبٌ قَرِيبٌ قَالَتْ تَرَكْتُ بَنِيَّ وَمَا يُنْضِجُ أَكْبَرُهُمُ الْكُرَاعَ فَأَمَرَ لَهَا عُمَرُ ؓ بِحِمْلِ مُوْقِرٍ طَعَامًا وَكِسْوَةً فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَكْثَرْتَ لَهَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ شَهِدَ أَبُوهَا الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَعَلَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ فَتْحَ مَدِينَةِ كَذَا وَفَتَحَ مَدِينَةِ كَذَا فَحَظُّهُ فِيهَا وَنَحْنُ نَجْبِيهَا أَفَلَا أُعْطِيهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟  

[Machine] I heard Allah say, "Whatever Allah has bestowed upon His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and orphans and the [stranded] traveler - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty." "[And there is also a share for] the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties, seeking bounty from Allah and [His] approval and supporting Allah and His Messenger. Those are the truthful." (Quran, Surah Al-Hashr 8) "But it is not for the believers to go forth [to battle] all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group [remaining] to obtain understanding in the religion and warn their people when they return to them that they might be cautious." (Quran, Surah At-Tawbah 122) "And those [believers] who took their homes and their faith before them love those who emigrated to them and find not any want in their breasts of what the emigrants were given but give [them] preference over themselves, even though they are in privation." (Quran, Surah Al-Hashr 9) "And those who came after them say, 'Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith and put not in our hearts [any] resentment toward those who have believed. Our Lord, indeed You are Kind and Merciful.'" (Quran, Surah Al-Hashr 10)  

سَمِعْتُ اللهَ يَقُولُ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ كَيْلَا يَكُونَ دُولَةً بَيْنَ الْأَغْنِيَاءِ مِنْكُمْ وَمَا آتَاكُمُ الرَّسُولُ فَخُذُوهُ وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ فَانْتَهُوا وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ إِنَّ اللهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ} {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِنَ اللهِ وَرِضْوَانًا وَيَنْصُرُونَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ} [الحشر 8] وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ {وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا} الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ الْآيَةَ وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءَوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ} الْآيَةَ وَاللهِ مَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا وَلَهُ حَقٌّ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ أُعْطِيَ مِنْهُ أَوْ مُنِعَ حَتَّى رَاعٍ بِعَدَنَ  

ثُمَّ تَلَا {إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ} [التوبة 60] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ لِهَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ تَلَا {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 41] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَذَا لِهَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ تَلَا {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى} [الحشر 7] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ} [الحشر 8] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ ثُمَّ تَلَا {وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَقَالَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَنْصَارُ قَالَ وَقَرَأَ {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ فَهَذِهِ اسْتَوْعَبَتِ النَّاسَ وَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا وَلَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ حَقٌّ إِلَّا مَا تَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ رَقِيقِكُمْ فَإِنْ أَعِشْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا سَيَأْتِيهِ حَقُّهُ حَتَّى الرَّاعِي بِسُرَّ وَحِمْيَرَ يَأْتِيهِ حَقُّهُ وَلَمْ يَعْرَقْ فِيهِ جَبِينُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَحْتَمِلُ مَعَانِيَ مِنْهَا أَنْ يَقُولَ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يُعْطِي بِمَعْنَى حَاجَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الصَّدَقَةِ أَوْ مَعْنَى أَنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَيْءِ الَّذِينَ يَغْزُونَ إِلَّا وَلَهُ حَقٌّ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ؛ الْفَيْءِ أَوِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَهَذَا كَأَنَّهُ أَوْلَى مَعَانِيهِ؛ فَقَدْ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ لَا حَظَّ فِيهَا لِغَنِيٍّ وَلَا لِذِي مَرَّةٍ مُكْتَسِبٍ وَالَّذِي أَحْفَظُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ الْأَعْرَابَ لَا يُعْطَوْنَ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ قَدْ مَضَى هَذَا فِي حَدِيثِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَدْ حَكَى أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ الْقَدِيمِ مَعْنَى هَذَا ثُمَّ اسْتَثْنَى فَقَالَ إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يُصَابَ أَحَدُ الْمَالَيْنِ وَيُصَابَ الْآخَرُ بِالصِّنْفَيْنِ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةٌ فَيُشْرِكُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيهِ قَالَ وَقَدْ أَعَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ ؓ فِي خُرُوجِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ بِمَالٍ أَتَى بِهِ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ مِنْ صَدَقَةِ قَوْمِهِ فَلَمْ يُنْكَرْ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ؛ إِذْ كَانَتْ بِالْقَوْمِ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةٌ وَالْفَيْءُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ inspected me on the battlefield on the Day of Uhud, and I was fourteen years old. He did not allow me (to take part in the fight). He inspected me on the Day of Khandaq-and I was fifteen yearsold, and he permitted me (to fight), Nafi' said: I came to 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz who was then Caliph, and narrated this tradition to him. He said: Surely, this is the demarcation between a minor and a major. So he wrote to his governors that they should pay subsistence allowance to one who was fifteen years old, but should treat those of lesser age among children. (Using translation from Muslim 1868a)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَرَضَهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ لِلْقِتَالِ قَالَ وَأَنَا ابْنُ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَلَمْ يُجِزْنِي قَالَ ثُمَّ عَرَضَنِي يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَأَجَازَنِي قَالَ نَافِعٌ فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ وَهُوَ إِذْ ذَاكَ خَلِيفَةٌ فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْحَدَّ بَيْنَ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ بِأَنْ يَفْرِضُوا لِمَنْ بَلَغَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَمَا كَانَ دُونَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَجْعَلُوهُ مَعَ الْعِيَالِ  

[Machine] "Allah has His share in what He granted His Messenger from the people of the villages." [Al-Hashr 7] until His saying, "severe in punishment." [Al-Hashr 7] And Allah is not solely for these [people]. Then He recited, "for the poor emigrants who were expelled from their homes and their properties" [Al-Hashr 8] until the end of the verse. Then He recited, "And those who came after them say, 'Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith'" And Allah is not solely for these [people]. And if I were to remain until I meet a companion, I would definitely attach the last people with the first. I would make them one group, meaning, one body. He said: Then his son came to him while he was dividing [his wealth]. He was called Abdur-Rahman, son of Luhayyah, a woman who belonged to 'Umar. So he said to him, "Give me a ring." He said to him, "By the right of your mother, she will make you drink a sip of barley water." So by Allah, he did not give him anything.  

اللهُ ﷻ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الحشر 7] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ} [الحشر 7] وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ} [الحشر 8] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ} وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَحْدَهُمْ وَلَئِنْ بَقِيتُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ لَأُلْحِقَنَّ آخِرَ النَّاسِ بِأَوَّلِهِمْ فَلَأَجْعَلَنَّهُمْ بَبَّانًا وَاحِدًا يَعْنِي بَاجًا وَاحِدًا قَالَ فَجَاءَ ابْنٌ لَهُ وَهُوَ يَقْسِمُ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ابْنُ لُهَيَّةَ امْرَأَةٌ كَانَتْ لِعُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ لَهُ اكْسُنِي خَاتَمًا فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَقْ بِأُمِّكَ تَسْقِيكَ شَرْبَةً مِنْ سَوِيقٍ فَوَاللهِ مَا أَعْطَاهُ شَيْئًا  

[Machine] "When Abu Bakr was appointed as the successor, he said: 'My people know that my profession was always capable of providing for my family, but I have been occupied with the affairs of the Muslims. The family of Abu Bakr will consume from this wealth, while I will work for the Muslims with it.' Ibn Shihab narrated to me from Urwah, who reported from Aisha, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ , that she said: 'When Umar was appointed as the successor, he and his family consumed from it and he used his own wealth for his personal needs.'"  

لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ قَالَ لَقَدْ عَلِمَ قَوْمِي أَنَّ حِرْفَتِي لَمْ تَكُنْ تَعْجِزُ عَنْ مُؤْنَةِ أَهْلِي وَقَدْ شُغِلْتُ بِأَمْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَيَأْكُلُ آلُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَحْتَرِفُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيهِ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ وَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ لَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَكَلَ هُوَ وَأَهْلُهُ وَاحْتَرَفَ فِي مَالِ نَفْسِهِ  

[Machine] "Abu Bakr, upon his arrival, said to me, 'Everything has increased in my wealth since I entered into this government. I will return it to the caliph after me.' She said, 'When he died, we looked and found nothing in his wealth except what seemed to be a large sum of money that he was using to water his garden and a Nubian boy who was carrying his child.' She said, 'I sent him to Umar.' She said, 'I was informed that Umar cried and said, "May Allah have mercy on Abu Bakr. He truly exhausted those who came after him."'"  

أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ حِينَ حُضِرَ انْظُرِي كُلَّ شَيْءٍ زَادَ فِي مَالِي مُنْذُ دَخَلْتُ فِي هَذِهِ الْإِمَارَةِ فَرُدِّيهِ إِلَى الْخَلِيفَةِ مِنْ بَعْدِي قَالَتْ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ نَظَرْنَا فَمَا وَجَدْنَا زَادَ فِي مَالِهِ إِلَّا نَاضِحًا كَانَ يَسْقِي بُسْتَانًا لَهُ وَغُلَامًا نُوبِيًّا كَانَ يَحْمِلُ صَبِيًّا لَهُ قَالَتْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ بِهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَتْ فَأُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ بَكَى وَقَالَ رَحِمَ اللهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَقَدْ أَتْعَبَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ تَعَبًا شَدِيدًا  

[Machine] Abu Bakr As-Siddiq delivered a sermon to the people, praising and thanking Allah. He then said, "Indeed, the wisest thing is righteousness, and the most foolish thing is wickedness. Know that, in my view, truthfulness is trustworthiness, and lying is betrayal. Know also that the strong person in my eyes is weak until I take their rights from them, and the weak person in my eyes is strong until I give them their rights. Know that I have been appointed over you, but I am not the best among you." Al-Hasan said, "By Allah, he is the best among them, without any doubt. However, a believer criticizes himself." Abu Bakr then said, "If only this matter had been given to someone else." Al-Hasan said, "You have spoken the truth, and by Allah, even if you desired that I be given what Allah entrusted His Prophet with through revelation, that is not for me. Indeed, I am but a human being, prone to error." The following morning, Abu Bakr went to the marketplace and Umar asked him, "Where are you headed?" Abu Bakr replied, "To the market." Umar said, "Something has come to distract you from the market." Abu Bakr said, "By Allah, it distracts me from my family." Umar advised him to spend his wealth on good deeds. Abu Bakr feared that he would not have any money left to sustain himself, but Umar insisted that he spend 18,000 dirhams in total. When Abu Bakr was on his deathbed, he said, "I told Umar that I was afraid that I would not have anything left to eat from this money, but he overpowered me. When I die, take 8,000 dirhams from my wealth and return it to the treasury." When Umar received the money, he said, "May Allah have mercy on Abu Bakr. He has exhausted those who came after him with great exhaustion."  

أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ؓ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ أَكْيَسَ الْكَيْسِ التَّقْوَى وَأَحْمَقَ الْحُمْقِ الْفُجُورُ أَلَا وَإِنَّ الصِّدْقَ عِنْدِي الْأَمَانَةُ وَالْكَذِبَ الْخِيَانَةُ أَلَا وَإِنَّ الْقَوِيَّ عِنْدِي ضَعِيفٌ حَتَّى آخُذَ مِنْهُ الْحَقَّ وَالضَّعِيفَ عِنْدِي قَوِيٌّ حَتَّى آخُذَ لَهُ الْحَقَّ أَلَا وَإِنِّي قَدْ وُلِّيتُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَسْتُ بِأَخْيَرِكُمْ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ هُوَ وَاللهِ خَيْرُهُمْ غَيْرُ مُدَافَعٍ وَلَكِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ يَهْضِمُ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ كَفَانِي هَذَا الْأَمْرَ أَحَدُكُمْ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ صَدَقَ وَاللهِ وَإِنْ أَنْتُمْ أَرَدْتُمُونِي عَلَى مَا كَانَ اللهُ يُقِيمُ نَبِيَّهُ مِنَ الْوَحْيِ مَا ذَلِكَ عِنْدِي إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ فَرَاعُونِي فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا إِلَى السُّوقِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ السُّوقَ قَالَ قَدْ جَاءَكَ مَا يَشْغَلُكَ عَنِ السُّوقِ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ يَشْغَلُنِي عَنْ عِيَالِي قَالَ تُعْرِضُ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ قَالَ وَيْحَ عُمَرَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يَسَعُنِي أَنْ آكُلَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ شَيْئًا قَالَ فَأَنْفِقْ فِي سَنَتَيْنِ وَبَعْضِ أُخْرَى ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ قَدْ كُنْتُ قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يَسَعَنِي أَنْ آكُلَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ شَيْئًا فَغَلَبَنِي فَإِذَا أَنَا مِتُّ فَخُذُوا مِنْ مَالِي ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَرُدُّوهَا فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أُتِيَ بِهَا عُمَرُ ؓ قَالَ رَحِمَ اللهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَقَدْ أَتْعَبَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُ تَعَبًا شَدِيدًا  

[Machine] So, she heard and said, "I am not secretly the Commander of the Faithful, and what is not permissible for him is permissible for me. I am from the wealth of Allah the Almighty." It was mentioned to Umar ibn al-Khattab, so we entered upon him and informed him of what we said and what she said. He said, "You spoke the truth. What is permissible for me is not permissible for her in secrecy. Indeed, she is from the wealth of Allah, and I will inform you of what I will take from this wealth. I will take from it two outfits, one for winter and one for summer, and what is sufficient for my pilgrimage, umrah, sustenance, and the sustenance of my family, and my share with the Muslims, like the share of a man who is not higher nor lower than them."  

فَسَمِعَتْ فَقَالَتْ مَا أَنَا بِسُرِّيَّةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَا أَحِلُّ لَهُ إِنِّي لَمِنْ مَالِ اللهِ تَعَالَى قَالَ فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرَنَاهُ بِمَا قُلْنَا وَبِمَا قَالَتْ فَقَالَ صَدَقَتْ مَا تَحِلُّ لِي وَمَا هِيَ لِي بِسُرِّيَّةٍ وإِنَّهَا لَمِنْ مَالِ اللهِ ﷻ وَسَأُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَا أَسْتَحِلُّ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ أَسْتَحِلُّ مِنْهُ حُلَّتَيْنِ حُلَّةً لِلشِّتَاءِ وَحُلَّةً لِلصَّيْفِ وَمَا يَسَعُنِي لِحَجِّي وَعُمْرَتِي وَقُوتِي وَقُوتِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي وَسَهْمِي مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَسَهْمِ رَجُلٍ لَسْتُ بِأَرْفَعِهِمْ وَلَا أَوْضَعِهِمْ  

[Machine] Umar ibn Al-Khattab said, "Verily, I have brought myself down to the level of an orphan's guardian, using the wealth of Allah. If I am in need, I take from it, and if I am at ease, I return it. And if I become self-sufficient, I refrain from it."  

قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ إِنِّي أَنْزَلْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ مَالِ اللهِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وَالِي الْيَتِيمِ إِنِ احْتَجْتُ أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ فَإِذَا أَيْسَرْتُ رَدَدْتُهُ وَإِنِ اسْتَغْنَيْتُ اسْتَعْفَفْتُ  

[Machine] I have come to you with this money, and I treat it as the guardian of the wealth of the orphan. If anyone is wealthy, let them be abstinent, and if anyone is poor, let them eat in a fair manner. And I do not see a village from which a sheep is taken every day, except that it quickly leads to its destruction.  

نَزَلْتُكُمْ وَإِيَّايَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وَالِي مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ مَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَمَا أَرَى قَرْيَةً يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ شَاةً إِلَّا كَانَ ذَلِكَ سَرِيعًا فِي خَرَابِهَا  

[Machine] Ibn Ziyad, leave the key and go wherever you want.  

ابْنُ زِيَادٍ ضَعِ الْمِفْتَاحَ وَاذْهَبْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ  

[Machine] Take what you have been given, for I have followed the covenant of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he has made me work.  

خُذْ مَا أُعْطِيتَ؛ فَإِنِّي قَدْ عَمِلْتُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَعَمَّلَنِي  

Was I not told that you do work for people, then when you are given your wages you do not accept it? I said: Yes. ʿUmar said: Why do you do that? I said: I have horses and slaves, and I am well off. I want my work to be an act of charity towards the Muslims. 'Umar said: Do not do that, for I wanted to do the same as you want to do. The Prophet ﷺ would give me some payment and I would say: Give it to one who is more in need of it than me. One day he gave me something and I said: Give it to one who is more in need of it than me. The Prophet ﷺ said: ʿTake it, keep it, and give it in charity, Whatever of this wealth comes to you when you are not hoping for it or asking for it, accept it, but if it does not come to you, do not hope for it.” (Using translation from Aḥmad 100)   

لَهُ عُمَرُ أَلَمْ أُحَدَّثْ أَنَّكَ تَلِي مِنْ أَعْمَالِ النَّاسِ أَعْمَالًا فَإِذَا أُعْطِيتَ الْعُمَالَةَ كَرِهْتَهَا؟ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَمَا تُرِيدُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ لِي أَفْرَاسًا وَأَعْبُدًا وَأَنَا بِالْخَيْرِ وَأُرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ عُمَالَتِي صَدَقَةً عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَلَا تَفْعَلْ؛ فَإِنِّي قَدْ كُنْتُ أَرَدْتُ ذَلِكَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُعْطِينِي الْعَطَاءَ فَأَقُولُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي حَتَّى أَعْطَانِي مَرَّةً مَالًا فَقُلْتُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خُذْهُ فَتَمَوَّلْهُ أَوْ تَصَدَّقْ بِهِ وَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرِفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخُذْهُ وَمَا لَا فَلَا تُتْبِعْهُ نَفْسَكَ  

[Machine] Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, had given us things that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us for, but we disliked them. However, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ insisted and accepted them. So, O man, seek assistance with them in your religion and worldly affairs. Abu Obaidah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated to us that Abu Abdullah, the Hafiz, informed us that I am Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Farras, the jurist of Mecca. Bakr ibn Sahl al-Dimyati informed us. Shuayb ibn Yahya al-Tujaybi informed us. Al-Laith ibn Saad reported from Hisham ibn Saad, who mentioned it with a similar chain of narration and mentioned what was left from the previous narration. So Umar, ﷺ , wrote, "Here I am, here I am. A caravan has come to you, the first part of which is with you and the last part is with me. Although I hope to find a way to carry it by sea. When the first part of the caravan arrived, he called Zubayr and said, "Go forth with the first part of this caravan towards Najd. Carry to me every household that you can carry to me. And for those you cannot carry, give each household a camel for what they have with them. Tell them to wear two garments and slaughter the camel. Beautify its fat, prepare its meat, tan its skin, and then take a handful of dates and a handful of flour and cook it and eat it until Allah provides for them sustenance." Zubayr refused to go out, so he said, "By Allah, you will not find the like of it until you leave this world." Then he called another person whom he thought was Talhah, but he too refused. Then he called Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah, and he went out to do that. He mentioned the remaining part of the narration similarly.  

عُمَرُ ؓ قَدْ أَعْطَانَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي أَشْيَاءَ بَعَثَنَا لَهَا فَكَرِهْنَا ذَلِكَ فَأَبَى عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاقْبَلْهَا أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ فَاسْتَعِنْ بِهَا عَلَى دِينِكَ وَدُنْيَاكَ فَقَبِلَهَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ 13017 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ فِرَاسٍ الْفَقِيهُ بِمَكَّةَ ثنا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الدِّمْيَاطِيُّ ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ يَحْيَى التُّجَيْبِيُّ ثنا اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ وَذَكَرَ مَا تُرِكَ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ فَقَالَ فَكَتَبَ عَمْرٌو السَّلَامُ أَمَّا بَعْدُ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ أَتَتْكَ عِيرٌ أَوَّلُهَا عِنْدَكَ وَآخِرُهَا عِنْدِي مَعَ أَنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ أَجِدَ سَبِيلًا أَنْ أَحْمِلَ فِي الْبَحْرِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ أَوَّلُ عِيرٍ دَعَا الزُّبَيْرَ ؓ فَقَالَ اخْرُجْ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذِهِ الْعِيرِ فَاسْتَقْبِلْ بِهَا نَجْدًا فَاحْمِلْ إِلِيَّ كُلَّ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ قَدَرْتَ أَنْ تَحْمِلَهُمْ إِلِيَّ وَمَنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ حَمْلَهُ فَمُرْ لِكُلِّ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ بِبَعِيرٍ بِمَا عَلَيْهِ وَمُرْهُمْ فَلْيَلْبَسُوا كِسَاءَيْنِ وَلْيَنْحَرُوا الْبَعِيرَ فَيُجَمِّلُوا شَحْمَهُ وَلْيُقَدِّدُوا لَحْمَهُ وَلْيَحْتَذُوا جِلْدَهُ ثُمَّ لِيَأْخُذُوا كُبَّةً مِنْ قَدِيدٍ وَكُبَّةً مِنْ شَحْمٍ وَجَفْنَةً مِنْ دَقِيقٍ فَيَطْبُخُوا وَيَأْكُلُوا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُمُ اللهُ بِرِزْقٍ فَأَبَى الزُّبَيْرُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فَقَالَ أَمَا وَاللهِ لَا تَجِدُ مِثْلَهَا حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا ثُمَّ دَعَا آخَرَ أَظُنُّهُ طَلْحَةَ فَأَبَى ثُمَّ دَعَا أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ فَخَرَجَ فِي ذَلِكَ وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الْحَدِيثِ بِنَحْوِهِ  

[Machine] I heard the Prophet (PBUH) say, "Whoever has a job for us should marry, and if he does not have a servant, he should acquire one. And if he does not have a dwelling, he should acquire one." Abu Bakr said, "I was told that the Prophet (PBUH) said, 'Whoever does otherwise is extravagant or a thief.'" And Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, who was informed by Abu Al-Nadr Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Yusuf Al-Faqih, who was informed by Al-Husayn bin Idris Al-Ansari, who was informed by Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ammar Al-Mosuli, who was informed by Al-Muaaffa bin Imran. He mentioned the narration except that he said it was narrated by Abdur Rahman bin Jubair bin Nufair, from Al-Mustawrid, and he said at the end, "I was informed but he did not say, so Abu Bakr said..."  

سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَ لَنَا عَامِلًا فَلْيَكْتَسِبْ زَوْجَةً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ خَادِمٌ فَلْيَكْتَسِبْ خَادِمًا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَسْكَنٌ فَلْيَكْتَسِبْ مَسْكَنًا قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنِ اتَّخَذَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ غَالٌّ أَوْ سَارِقٌ 13019 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْفَقِيهُ ثنا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ الْمَوْصِلِيُّ ثنا الْمُعَافَى بْنُ عِمَرَانَ فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ عَنِ الْمُسْتَوْرِدِ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ وَأُخْبِرْتُ لَمْ يَقُلْ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ  

The Prophet ﷺ as saying: When we appoint someone to an administrative post and provide him with an allowance, anything he takes beyond that is unfaithful dealing. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2943)   

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنِ اسْتَعْمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى عَمَلٍ وَرَزَقْنَاهُ رِزْقًا فَمَا أَخَذَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ غُلُولٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ provided Attab bin Asid with forty ounces every year when he governed Mecca. This is no longer the case, as it has been narrated from another authentic source.  

رَزَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَتَّابَ بْنَ أَسِيدٍ حِينَ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى مَكَّةَ أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُسْنَدًا  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , appointed 'Attab bin Asid as a tax collector in Makkah and imposed upon him a tax of forty ounces of silver.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَتَّابَ بْنَ أَسِيدٍ عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَفَرَضَ لَهُ عُمَالَتَهُ أَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً مِنْ فِضَّةٍ  

[Machine] I heard Attab ibn Asid, while he was leaning against the House of Allah, saying, "By Allah, I have not gained anything in my deeds, which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ led me towards, except for two folded garments that my Lord has clothed me with."  

سَمِعْتُ عَتَّابَ بْنَ أَسِيدٍ وَهُوَ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللهِ يَقُولُ وَاللهِ مَا أَصَبْتُ فِي عَمَلِي هَذَا الَّذِي وَلَّانِي فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا ثَوْبَيْنِ مُعَقَّدَيْنِ كَسَوْتُهُمَا مَوْلَايَ كَيْسَانَ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Beware of the wages of a distributor of booty (qusamah). We asked: What is qusamah (wages of a distributor)? He said: It means a thing which is shared by the people, and then it is reduced. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2783)   

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْقُسَامَةَ قَالَ فَقُلْنَا وَمَا الْقُسَامَةُ؟ قَالَ الشَّيْءُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ثُمَّ يُنْتَقَصُ  

[Machine] "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, 'Beware of dividing people into factions.' They asked, 'And what is dividing people into factions, O Messenger of Allah?' He said, 'A man joins one group of people and takes from the share of this one and the share of that one.'"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِيَّاكُمْ وَالْقُسَامَةَ قَالُوا وَمَا الْقُسَامَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ عَلَى الْفِئَامِ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْ حَظِّ هَذَا وَحَظِّ هَذَا  

[Machine] "When the Prophet ﷺ received the spoils of war, he used to distribute it among those present. It was narrated by Abu Sa'id who said: Abu Dawood informed us, who was informed by Ibn Al-Musaffa, who was informed by Abu Al-Mughira, who narrated from Safwan bin 'Amr through the same chain of narration. He added to it that the Prophet gave a single portion for a single individual from the unmarried men and gave double portions for the married men. Then he called me and gave me two portions. At that time, I had a family. Then he called 'Ammar and gave him a single portion."  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا جَاءَ الْفَيْءُ يَقْسِمُهُ مَنْ يَوْمِهِ 13027 قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ قَالَ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا ابْنُ الْمُصَفَّى ثنا أَبُو الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ زَادَ فِيهِ فَأَعْطَى الْعَزَبَ حَظًّا وَأَعْطَى الْآهِلَ حَظَّيْنِ فَدَعَانِي فَأَعْطَانِي حَظَّيْنِ وَكَانَ لِي أَهْلٌ ثُمَّ دَعَا عَمَّارًا فَأَعْطَاهُ حَظًّا وَاحِدًا  

Some goods came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Bahrain. The Prophet ﷺ ordered the people to spread them in the mosque --it was the biggest amount of goods Messenger of Allah ﷺ had ever received. He left for prayer and did not even look at it. After finishing the prayer, he sat by those goods and gave from those to everybody he saw. Al-ʿAbbas came to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! give me (something) too, because I gave ransom for myself and ʿAqil". Messenger of Allah ﷺ told him to take. So he stuffed his garment with it and tried to carry it away but he failed to do so. He said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Order someone to help me in lifting it." The Prophet ﷺ refused. He then said to the Prophet: Will you please help me to lift it?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ refused. Then Al-ʿAbbas threw some of it and tried to lift it (but failed). He again said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ Order someone to help me to lift it." He refused. Al-ʿAbbas then said to the Prophet: "Will you please help me to lift it?" He again refused. Then Al-ʿAbbas threw some of it, and lifted it on his shoulders and went away. Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept on watching him till he disappeared from his sight and was astonished at his greediness. Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not get up till the last coin was distributed. (Using translation from Bukhārī 421)   

أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِمَالٍ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ انْثُرُوهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَكْثَرَ مَالٍ أُتِيَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ جَاءَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ فَمَا كَانَ يَرَى أَحَدًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ إِذْ جَاءَهُ الْعَبَّاسُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَعْطِنِي؛ فَإِنِّي فَادَيْتُ نَفْسِي وَفَادَيْتُ عَقِيلًا قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خُذْ فَحَثَا فِي ثَوْبِهِ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ يُقِلُّهُ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَقَالَ مُرْ بَعْضَهُمْ يَرْفَعْهُ إِلِيَّ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَارْفَعْهُ أَنْتَ عَلَيَّ قَالَ لَا فَنَثَرَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ احْتَمَلَهُ فَأَلْقَاهُ عَلَى كَاهِلِهِ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ قَالَ فَمَا زَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُتْبِعُهُ بَصَرَهُ حَتَّى خَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ عَجَبًا مِنْ حِرْصِهِ فَمَا قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَثَمَّ مِنْهَا دِرْهَمٌ  

[Machine] If you had seen the Prophet of Allah, ﷺ , in an illness that afflicted him, and he had six dinars with me, Musa bin Jubair said, or seven, the Prophet of Allah, ﷺ , commanded me to distribute it, and the pain of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , preoccupied me until Allah cured him, and then he asked me about it. He said, "Did you distribute the six or the seven?" She said, "No, by Allah, your pain preoccupied me." He said, "Then he called her and distributed it." She said, "What would the Prophet of Allah have thought if he met Allah while having it with him?  

لَوْ رَأَيْتُمَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ فِي مَرْضَةٍ مَرَضَهَا وَكَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدِي سِتَّةُ دَنَانِيرَ قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ أَوْ سَبْعَةٌ فَأَمَرَنِي نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ أُفَرِّقَهَا فَشَغَلَنِي وَجَعُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى عَافَاهُ اللهُ ثُمَّ سَأَلَنِي عَنْهَا فَقَالَ أَكُنْتِ فَرَّقْتِ السِّتَّةَ أَوِ السَّبْعَةَ؟ قَالَتْ لَا وَاللهِ شَغَلَنِي وَجَعُكَ قَالَتْ فَدَعَا بِهَا ثُمَّ فَرَّقَهَا فَقَالَ مَا ظَنُّ نَبِيِّ اللهِ لَوْ لَقِيَ اللهَ ﷻ وَهِيَ عِنْدَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , entered upon me while his face was pale. I thought that was due to pain, so I asked him, "What is wrong with your face being pale?" He replied, "It is because of the seven dinars that came to us yesterday and we have not divided them yet, and they are in the custody of Furash."  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ سَاهِمُ الْوَجْهِ قَالَتْ فَحَسِبْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجَعٍ فَقُلْتُ مَا لَكَ سَاهِمَ الْوَجْهِ؟ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَجْلِ الدَّنَانِيرِ السَّبْعَةِ الَّتِي أَتَتْنَا أَمْسِ وَلَمْ نَقْسِمْهَا وَهِيَ فِي خَصْمِ الْفِرَاشِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to not keep money overnight nor hoard it. Abu Ubaydah said if wealth came to him in the morning, he would not reach midday without distributing it, and if it came to him in the evening, he would not go to sleep without distributing it. This is a hadith.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُبَيِّتُ مَالًا وَلَا يُقِيلُهُ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ إِنْ جَاءَهُ غُدْوَةً لَمْ يَنْتَصِفِ النَّهَارُ حَتَّى يَقْسِمَهُ وَإِنْ جَاءَهُ عَشِيَّةً لَمْ يَبِتْ حَتَّى يَقْسِمَهُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ  

[Machine] "A man from the people said: O Amir al-Mu'minin, if you were to leave in the wealth of the Muslims a remainder that can be counted by deputy or voice, meaning a surplus, Umar responded: For the man who spoke such words, may Satan lay upon your tongue. Allah has guided me through his arguments and protected me from its evil. I will prepare for it what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prepared for it, which is the obedience of Allah and his Messenger ﷺ ."  

رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَوْ أَبْقَيْتَ فِي مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَقِيَّةً تَعُدُّهَا لِنَائِبَةٍ أَوْ صَوْتٍ يَعْنِي خَارِجَةً قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لِلرَّجُلِ الَّذِي كَلَّمَهُ جَرَى الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَى لِسَانِكِ لَقَّنَنِي اللهُ حُجَّتَهَا وَوَقَانِي شَرَّهَا أَعُدُّ لَهَا مَا أَعَدَّ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ طَاعَةَ اللهِ ﷻ وَرَسُولِهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] Regarding wealth, he saw a sight he had never seen before. He saw gold, rubies, emeralds, and pearls shining brightly. So he cried. One of them said to him, "By Allah, this is not a day of crying, but a day of gratitude and joy." He said, "By Allah, I did not go where I went, but I have never seen such abundance among any people without calamity befalling them." Then he turned towards the qibla, raised his hands to the sky, and said, "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from being ensnared, for I hear You saying, 'We will ensnare them from where they do not know.'" Then he said, "Where is Suraqah bin Ju'shum?" So he was brought to him with his two fine hands. He gave him the bracelets of Kisra and said, "Put them on." So he did. Then he said, "Say, Allahu Akbar." He said, "Allahu Akbar." He said, "Say, Alhamdulillah, who has taken them from Kisra bin Hurmuz and has given them to Suraqah bin Ju'shum, an Arab from the tribe of Mudlij." And he began to turn over what was between them, saying, "Indeed, the one who brought me this is trustworthy." A man said to him, "I inform you that you are Allah's trustee, while they give you what they gave to Allah. So when you become relaxed, they will also become relaxed." He said, "You have spoken the truth." Then he dismissed him. Ash-Shafi'i said, "Suraqah only gave them the bracelets because the Prophet ﷺ said to Suraqah, looking at his two arms, 'It is as if I can see you wearing the two bracelets of Kisra.'" Ash-Shafi'i said, "Al-Thiqah from the people of Madinah informed us that Umar bin Al-Khattab spent on the people of Ramadah until rain fell and they dispersed. Umar came out to them riding a horse and saw them dispersing with their belongings. Tears welled up in his eyes. A man from Banu Muharib bin Khasfah said, 'I bear witness that they have left you and you are not the son of a slave woman.' Umar said to him, 'Woe to you! If I had spent on them from my own wealth or from the wealth of Al-Khattab, then indeed I have only spent on them from the wealth of Allah.'"  

عَنِ الْأَمْوَالِ فَرَأَى مَنْظَرًا لَمْ يَرَ مِثْلَهُ رَأَى الذَّهَبَ فِيهِ وَالْيَاقُوتَ وَالزَّبَرْجَدَ وَاللُّؤْلُؤَ يَتَلَأْلَأُ فَبَكَى فَقَالَ لَهُ أَحَدُهُمَا إِنَّهُ وَاللهِ مَا هُوَ بِيَوْمِ بُكَاءٍ وَلَكِنَّهُ يَوْمُ شُكْرٍ وَسُرُورٍ فَقَالَ إِنِّي وَاللهِ مَا ذَهَبْتُ حَيْثُ ذَهَبْتُ وَلَكِنَّهُ وَاللهِ مَا كَثُرَ هَذَا فِي قَوْمٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا وَقَعَ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقِبْلَةِ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَقَالَ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَكُونَ مُسْتَدْرَجًا؛ فَإِنِّي أَسْمَعُكَ تَقُولُ {سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ} [الأعراف 182] ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيْنَ سُرَاقَةُ بْنُ جُعْشُمٍ؟ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ أَشْعَرَ الذِّرَاعَيْنِ دَقِيقَهُمَا فَأَعْطَاهُ سِوَارَيْ كِسْرَى فَقَالَ الْبَسْهُمَا فَفَعَلَ فَقَالَ قُلِ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ قَالَ اللهُ أَكْبَرُ قَالَ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي سَلَبَهُمَا مِنْ كِسْرَى بْنِ هُرْمُزَ وَأَلْبَسَهُمَا سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ جُعْشُمٍ أَعْرَابِيًّا مِنْ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ وَجَعَلَ يُقَلِّبُ بَعْضَ ذَلِكَ بَعْضًا فَقَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِي أَدَّى هَذَا لَأَمِينٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ أَنَا أُخْبِرُكَ أَنْتَ أَمِينُ اللهِ وَهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ إِلَيْكَ مَا أَدَّيْتَ إِلَى اللهِ فَإِذَا رَتَعْتَ رَتَعُوا قَالَ صَدَقْتَ ثُمَّ فَرَّقَهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَإِنَّمَا أَلْبَسَهُمَا سُرَاقَةَ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِسُرَاقَةَ وَنَظَرَ إِلَى ذِرَاعَيْهِ كَأَنِّي بِكَ قَدْ لَبِسْتَ سُوَارَيْ كِسْرَى قَالَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ إِلَّا سِوَارَيْنِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ أَنْفَقَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ عَلَى أَهْلِ الرَّمَادَةِ حَتَّى وَقَعَ مَطَرٌ فَتَرَحَّلُوا فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ عُمَرُ ؓ رَاكِبًا فَرَسًا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ يَتَرَحَّلُونَ بِظَعَائِنِهِمْ فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي مُحَارِبِ بْنِ خَصْفَةَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهَا انْحَسَرَتْ عَنْكَ وَلَسْتَ بِابْنِ أَمَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ وَيْلَكَ ذَلِكَ لَوْ كُنْتُ أَنْفَقْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ مَالِي أَوْ مِنْ مَالِ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّمَا أَنْفَقْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ مَالِ اللهِ ﷻ  

[Machine] He said, "Oh Amir al-Mu'minin, this is a day of joy and this is a day of happiness." He replied, "Yes, indeed, but this nation has never given anything except inheriting enmity and hatred."  

لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَذَا يَوْمُ فَرَحٍ وَهَذَا يَوْمُ سُرُورٍ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَجَلْ وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يُؤْتَ هَذَا قَوْمٌ قَطُّ إِلَّا أَوْرَثَهُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ  

[Machine] Omar said, "We will not put it in the treasury until we distribute it." Omar cried and Abdul Rahman bin Auf asked him, "What makes you cry, O Amir al-Mu'minin?" Omar replied, "By Allah, this is a day of gratitude, joy, and happiness. Indeed, Allah has never given this to a people except that He has caused enmity and hatred among them."  

عُمَرُ ؓ لَا نَجْعَلُهَا فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ حَتَّى نَقْسِمَهَا وَبَكَى عُمَرُ ؓ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَوَاللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا لَيَوْمُ شُكْرٍ وَيَوْمُ سُرُورٍ وَيَوْمُ فَرِحٍ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنَّ هَذَا لَمْ يُعْطِهِ اللهُ قَوْمًا قَطُّ إِلَّا أَلْقَى اللهُ بَيْنَهُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاءَ  

[Machine] That your Messenger ﷺ used to love that he would receive money and spend it in Your cause and on Your servants, and You have diverted that away from him as a sign of Your love for him and as a choice. Then, he said, "O Allah, I knew that Abu Bakr used to love that he would receive money and spend it in Your cause and on Your servants, and You have diverted that away from him as a sign of Your love for him and as a choice. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from this being a deception from You to him." Then, he recited, "Do they assume that what We extend to them of wealth and children is [because] We hasten for them good things? Rather, they do not perceive." [Surah Al-Mu'minun, verse 56].  

أَنَّ رَسُولَكَ ﷺ كَانَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مَالًا فَيُنْفِقَهُ فِي سَبِيلِكَ وَعَلَى عِبَادِكَ وَزَوَيْتَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ نَظَرًا مِنْكَ لَهُ وَخِيَارًا ثُمَّ قَالَ اللهُمَ إِنِّي قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ كَانَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مَالًا فَيُنْفِقَهُ فِي سَبِيلِكَ وَعَلَى عِبَادِكَ فَزَويْتَ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ نَظَرًا مِنْكَ لَهُ وَخِيَارًا اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا مَكْرًا مِنْكَ بِعُمَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَلَا {أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُمْ بِهِ مِنْ مَالٍ وَبَنِينَ نُسَارِعُ لَهُمْ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ بَلْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ} [المؤمنون 56]  

[Machine] Umar once divided some wealth among the people, so they started praising him. He said, "How foolish of you! If this wealth belonged to me, I wouldn't have given you even a single penny."  

قَسَمَ عُمَرُ ؓ يَوْمًا مَالًا فَجَعَلُوا يُثْنُونَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا أَحْمَقَكُمْ لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا لِي مَا أَعْطَيْتُكُمْ دِرْهَمًا وَاحِدًا  

[Machine] Umar used to sit after performing the prayer, so whoever had a need would speak to him, and whoever had no need would leave and pray on their own. One day, I approached Umar and said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, may I lodge a complaint?" He replied, "No, praise be to Allah." Then Uthman came and sat, but he did not stay for long before leaving. Umar called out, "Get up, O Ibn 'Affan, get up, O Ibn 'Abbas." We entered upon Umar, who had a bag of money with him. He said, "I looked at the people of Madinah and found that you both are the main families in Madinah. Take this money and divide it. If anything is left, return it." Uthman insisted, but I said, "If anything is lacking, I will make it up for us." Umar said, "This is a sheath from Akhzam. Don't you see that Allah and Muhammad and his companions used to eat dried sweet dates?" I replied, "Yes, by Allah, this was with Allah and Muhammad and his companions used to eat dried sweet dates. If this was given to Muhammad, he would have done something other than what you have done." Umar seemed shocked and asked, "What would he have done?" I replied, "He would have eaten and fed us." Umar became emotional and said, "I wish I had left Madinah with nothing, neither for myself nor for anyone else."  

كَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِذَا صَلَّى صَلَاةً جَلَسَ فَمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ كَلَّمَهُ وَمَنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ دَخَلَ فَصَلَّى ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَلَمْ يَجْلِسْ قَالَ فَجِئْتُ فَقُلْتُ يَا يَرْفَأُ بِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ شَكْوَى؟ قَالَ لَا وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ قَالَ فَجَاءَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ فَجَلَسَ فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ جَاءَ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ قُمْ يَا ابْنَ عَفَّانَ قُمْ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَدَخَلْنَا عَلَى عُمَرَ ؓ وَعِنْدَهُ صَبْرَةٌ مِنَ الْمَالِ عَلَى كُلِّ صَبْرَةٍ مِنْهَا كَثْفٌ فَقَالَ إِنِّي نَظَرْتُ فِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَوَجَدْتُكُمَا أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ عَشِيرَةً فَخُذَا هَذَا الْمَالَ فَاقْتَسِمَاهُ فَإِنْ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ فَرُدَّاهُ فَأَمَّا عُثْمَانُ ؓ فَحَثَا وَأَمَّا أَنَا فَقُلْتُ وَإِنْ نَقَصَ شَيْءٌ أَتْمَمْتَهُ لَنَا؟ قَالَ شِنْشِنَةٌ مِنْ أَخْزَمَ أَمَا تَرَى هَذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ اللهِ وَمُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَأْكُلُونَ الْقَدَّ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى وَاللهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ هَذَا عِنْدَ اللهِ وَمُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَأْكُلُونَ الْقَدَّ وَلَوْ فُتِحَ هَذَا عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ صَنَعَ غَيْرَ الَّذِي تَصْنَعُ قَالَ فَكَأَنَّهُ فَزِعَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ وَمَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ؟ قُلْتُ لَأَكَلَ وَأَطْعَمَنَا قَالَ فَنَشَجَ حَتَّى اخْتَلَفَتْ أَضْلَاعُهُ وَقَالَ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنِّي خَرَجْتُ مِنْهَا كَفَافًا لَا عَلَيَّ وَلَا لِيَ  

ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar said to me, "Do you know what my father said to your father once?" I said, "No." He said, "My father said to your father, 'O Abu Musa, will it please you that we will be rewarded for our conversion to Islam with Messenger of Allah ﷺ and our migration with him, and our Jihad with him and all our good deeds which we did, with him, and that all the deeds we did after his death will be disregarded whether good or bad?' Your father (i.e. Abu Musa) said, 'No, by Allah, we took part in Jihad after Messenger of Allah ﷺ , prayed and did plenty of good deeds, and many people have embraced Islam at our hands, and no doubt, we expect rewards from Allah for these good deeds.' On that my father (i.e. ʿUmar) said, 'As for myself, By Him in Whose Hand ʿUmar's soul is, I wish that the deeds done by us at the time of the Prophet ﷺ remain rewardable while whatsoever we did after the death of the Prophet ﷺ be enough to save us from Punishment in that the good deeds compensate for the bad ones.' " On that I said (to Ibn ʿUmar), "By Allah, your father was better than my father!" (Using translation from Bukhārī 3915)   

أَنَّ إِسْلَامَنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَجِهَادَنَا مَعَهُ وَعَمَلَنَا مَعَهُ كُلَّهُ بَرَدَ لَنَا وَإِنَّ كُلَّ عَمَلٍ عَمِلْنَاهُ بَعْدَهُ نَجَوْنَا مِنْهُ كَفَافًا رَأْسًا بِرَأْسٍ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُوكَ لِأَبِي وَاللهِ لَقَدْ جَاهَدْنَا بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَصَلَّيْنَا وَصُمْنَا وَعَمِلْنَا خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَأَسْلَمَ عَلَى أَيْدِينَا أُنَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَإِنَّا نَرْجُو بِذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبِي وَلَكِنِّي أَنَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ عُمَرَ بِيَدِهِ لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ بَرَدَ لَنَا وَأَنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ عَمِلْنَاهُ بَعْدُ نَجَوْنَا مِنْهُ كَفَافًا رَأْسًا بِرَأْسٍ فَقُلْتُ وَاللهِ إِنَّ أَبَاكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبِي