[Machine] Because it is the noblest of earnings, everything honorable and great is attributed to it, and charity is not attributed to oneself; because it is the filth of people.  

لِأَنَّهَا أَشْرَفُ الْكَسْبِ وَإِنَّمَا يُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ يُشَرَّفُ وَيُعَظَّمُ وَلَمْ يَنْسِبِ الصَّدَقَةَ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا أَوْسَاخُ النَّاسِ  

[Machine] "Regarding the saying of Allah, 'And know that whatever spoils of war you obtain, then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger' [Al-Anfal 41], he said, 'This is the key to the speech of Allah in this world and the Hereafter.'"  

عَنْ قَوْلِ اللهِ ﷻ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 41] فَقَالَ هَذَا مِفْتَاحُ كَلَامِ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ  

[Machine] I asked Yahya bin Al-Jazzar, "How much did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ take as Khums?" He replied, "He took one-fifth of the fifth."  

سَأَلْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ الْجَزَّارِ قُلْتُ كَمْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ؟ قَالَ خُمُسُ الْخُمُسِ  

[Machine] "In His saying (And know that whatever of war spoils you may gain, indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger) [Surah Al-Anfal 41], it is said that the fifth is divided into five parts, one part for Allah and the Messenger, and the remaining parts are divided among others. It was narrated from Mujahid and Qatadah, as well as from Ataa, who said: 'The fifth is for Allah and His Messenger, one part.'"  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 41] قَالَ يُقَسَّمُ الْخُمُسُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَخْمَاسٍ فَخُمُسُ اللهِ وَالرَّسُولِ وَاحِدٌ وَيُقَسَّمُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْآخَرِينَ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَقَتَادَةَ كَذَلِكَ وَعَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ خُمْسُ اللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَاحِدٌ  

[Machine] On the authority of 'Ataa, he said: "And know that whatever spoils you have acquired, indeed for Allah is one-fifth of it, and for the Messenger said: "The one-fifth belongs to Allah and the Messenger." And the Prophet ﷺ acted upon it as he pleased."  

عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ قَالَ خُمْسُ اللهِ وَالرَّسُولِ وَاحِدٌ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَصْنَعُ فِيهِ مَا شَاءَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ prayed for us, then he took a piece of meat from the side of the camel. Then he said, "None of your spoils are permissible to you like this except the fifth. And the fifth is returned to you." Ash-Shafi'i said, "The Prophet ﷺ has passed away, leaving behind his father and mother. Allah and His angels have prayed upon him. There is a difference among the scholars regarding his arrow: Some of them said it should be returned to the two arrows that Allah mentioned with it. And some of them said the Imam should decide where to put it based on his ijtihad for Islam and its people. And some of them said it should be placed in the pouch, weapons, or giving it to the people affected by Islam, both in times of war and peace, as a preparation for increasing the strength of Islam and its people, based on what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has done. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has given al-mu'allafa and spent in times of war, and he gave to the participants of the Battle of Khaybar some of his companions, both from the Emigrants and the Ansar, based on need and virtue. Most of them were in need. We see this, and Allah knows best, all from his arrow.  

صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَعِيرٍ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَخَذَ وَبَرَةً مِنْ جَنْبِ الْبَعِيرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَلَا يَحِلُّ مِنْ غَنَائِمِكُمْ مِثْلُ هَذَا إِلَّا الْخُمُسَ وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَدْ مَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي مَاضِيًا وَصَلَّى اللهُ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ فَاخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عِنْدَنَا فِي سَهْمِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ يُرَدُّ عَلَى السُّهْمَانِ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا اللهُ مَعَهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ يَضَعُهُ الْإِمَامُ حَيْثُ رَأَى عَلَى الِاجْتِهَادِ لِلْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَالَ يَضَعُهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ وَالَّذِي أَخْتَارُ أَنْ يَضَعَهُ الْإِمَامُ فِي كُلِّ أَمْرٍ حُصِّنَ بِهِ الْإِسْلَامُ وَأَهْلُهُ مِنْ سَدِّ ثَغْرٍ أَوْ إِعْدَادِ كُرَاعٍ أَوْ سِلَاحٍ أَوْ إِعْطَاءِ أَهْلِ الْبَلَاءِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ نَفْلًا عِنْدَ الْحَرْبِ وَغَيْرِ الْحَرْبِ إِعْدَادًا لِلزِّيَادَةِ فِي تَعْزِيرِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ عَلَى مَا صَنَعَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَعْطَى الْمُؤَلَّفَةَ وَنَفَّلَ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَأَعْطَى عَامَ خَيْبَرَ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ أَهْلَ حَاجَةٍ وَفَضْلٍ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ أَهْلُ فَاقَةٍ نَرَى ذَلِكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ كُلَّهُ مِنْ سَهْمِهِ  

When Allah gave to His Apostle the war booty on the day of Hunain, he distributed that booty amongst those whose hearts have been (recently) reconciled (to Islam), but did not give anything to the Ansar. So they seemed to have felt angry and sad as they did not get the same as other people had got. The Prophet ﷺ then delivered a sermon before them, saying, "O, the assembly of Ansar! Didn't I find you astray, and then Allah guided you on the Right Path through me? You were divided into groups, and Allah brought you together through me; you were poor and Allah made you rich through me." Whatever the Prophet ﷺ said , they (i.e. the Ansar) said, "Allah and his Apostle have more favours to do." The Prophet ﷺ said, "What stops you from answering the Messenger of Allah?" But whatever he said to them, they replied, "Allah and His Apostle have more favours to do." The Prophet ﷺ then said, "If you wish you could say: 'You came to us in such-and-such state (at Medina).' Wouldn't you be willing to see the people go away with sheep and camels while you go with the Prophet ﷺ to your homes? But for the migration, I would have been one of the Ansar, and if the people took their way through a valley or mountain pass, I would select the valley or mountain pass of the Ansar. The Ansar are Shiar (i.e. those clothes which are in direct contact with the body and worn inside the other garments), and the people are Dithar (i.e. those clothes which are not in direct contact with the body and are worn over other garments). No doubt, you will see other people favoured over you, so you should be patient till you meet me at the Tank (of Kauthar). (Using translation from Bukhārī 4330)   

لَمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مَا أَفَاءَ قَسَمَ فِي النَّاسِ فِي الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْ أَوْ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْأَنْصَارَ شَيْئًا فَكَأَنَّهُ وَجَدَ إِذْ لَمْ يُصِبْهُمْ مَا أَصَابَ أَوْ كَأَنَّهُمْ وَجَدُوا إِذْ لَمْ يُصِبْهُمْ مَا أَصَابَ النَّاسَ فَخَطَبَهُمْ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَلَمْ أَجِدْكُمْ ضُلَّالًا فَهَدَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟ وَكُنْتُمْ مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فَأَلَّفَكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟ وَعَالَةً فَأَغْنَاكُمُ اللهُ بِي؟ قَالَ كُلَّمَا قَالَ شَيْئًا قَالُوا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمَنُّ قَالَ مَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ أَنْ تُجِيبُوا؟ قَالُوا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمَنُّ قَالَ لَوْ شِئْتُمْ قُلْتُمْ جِئْتَنَا كَذَا وَكَذَا أَلَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ النَّاسُ بِالشَّاةِ وَالْبَعِيرِ وَتَذْهَبُونَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ إِلَى رِحَالِكُمْ؟ لَوْلَا الْهِجْرَةُ لَكُنْتُ امْرَأً مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَلَوْ سَلَكَ النَّاسُ وَادِيًا أَوْ شِعْبًا لَسَلَكْتُ وَادِيَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَشِعْبَهَا الْأَنْصَارُ شِعَارٌ وَالنَّاسُ دِثَارٌ إِنَّكُمْ سَتَلْقَوْنَ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً؛ فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوْنِي عَلَى الْحَوْضِ  

‘Ali sent some gold-mixed dust to the prophet (May peace be upon him). He divided it among the four : al-Aqra b. Habis al-Hanzall and then al-Mujashi, uyainah b. Badr al-fazari, zaid al-khail al-Ta’l, next to one of Banu nabhan, and ‘Alqamah b. ‘Ulathat al-Amiri (in general), next to one of Banu kulaib. The Quraish and the ansar became angry and said : He is giving to the chiefs of the people of Najd and leaving us. He said : I am giving them for reconciliation of their hearts. Then a man with deep-seated eyes, high cheek-bones, a projecting brow, a thick beard and a shaven head came forward and said: For Allah, Muhammad! He said : Who will obey Allah if I disobey Him? Allah entrusts me with power over the inhabitants of the earth, but you do not. A man asked to be allowed to kill him and I think he was Khalid b. al-Walid but he prevented him. Then when the man turned away, he said: From this one’s stock there will be people who recite the Quran, but it will not pass down their throats. They will sever from Islam and leave the worshippers of Idols alone; but if I live up to their time I shall certainly kill them as 'Ad were killed. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4764)   

بَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِذَهَبِيَّةٍ فِي تُرْبَتِهَا فَقَسَمَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَ زَيْدٍ الطَّائِيِّ ثُمَّ أَحَدِ بَنِي نَبْهَانَ وَبَيْنَ الْأَقْرَعِ بْنِ حَابِسٍ الْحَنْظَلِيِّ ثُمَّ أَحَدِ بَنِي مُجَاشِعٍ وَبَيْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ وَبَيْنَ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ عُلَاثَةَ الْعَامِرِيِّ ثُمَّ أَحَدِ بَنِي كِلَابٍ فَغَضِبَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَقَالَتْ يُعْطِي صَنَادِيدَ أَهْلِ نَجْدٍ وَيَدَعُنَا؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَتَأَلَّفُهُمْ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ غَائِرُ الْعَيْنَيْنِ نَاتِئُ الْجَبِينِ مُشْرَبُ الْوَجْنَتَيْنِ كَثُّ اللِّحْيَةِ مَحْلُوقُ الرَّأْسِ فَقَالَ اتَّقِ اللهَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللهَ إِذَا عَصَيْتُهُ؟ أَيَأْمَنُنِي عَلَى أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ وَلَا تَأْمَنُونِي؟ فَسَأَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ قَتْلَهُ قَالَ أُرَاهُ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ فَمَنَعَهُ فَلَمَّا وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ مِنْ ضِئْضِئِ هَذَا قَوْمٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ حَنَاجِرَهُمْ يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ يَقْتُلُونَ أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَيَدَعُونَ أَهْلَ الْأَوْثَانِ لَئِنْ لَقِيتُهُمْ لَأَقْتُلَنَّهُمْ قَتْلَ عَادٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a military expedition to Najd and I went out in it. We obtained camels and sheep, and our count of camels reached twelve. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ also sacrificed a camel, one by one.  

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى نَجْدٍ فَخَرَجْتُ فِيهَا فَأَصَبْنَا إِبِلًا وَغَنَمًا فَبَلَغَتْ سُهْمَانُنَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا وَنَفَّلَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform the optional prayer before the revelation of the verse on the spoils of war. But when the verse was revealed, he stopped performing the optional prayer that he used to perform. And this was in relation to the one-fifth share of Allah and the Prophet ﷺ . It has been narrated from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib that he said: "People used to give the optional prayer from the one-fifth share."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ يَعْنِي الْآيَةَ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ تَرَكَ النَّفْلَ الَّذِي كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ فَصَارَ ذَلِكَ فِي خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ وَهُوَ سَهْمُ اللهِ ﷻ وَسَهْمُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَانَ النَّاسُ يُعْطَوْنَ النَّفْلَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ  

[Machine] Anas did not, but he swore, then give me a portion of the spoils, and mentioned the hadith.  

أَنَسٌ لَا وَلَكِنِ اقْسِمْ ثُمَّ أَعْطِنِي مِنَ الْخُمُسِ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

‘Abd Allah bin ‘Umar reported that ‘Umar said “When Khaibar was conquered, the Jews asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ to confirm that they would do all the cultivation and have half the produce. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “I shall confirm you on that condition as long as we wish. So they were confirmed on that (condition). The dates from half the produce of Khaibar were divided into a number of portions. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ would take the fifth. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ used to contribute from the fifth one hundred wasqs of dates and twenty wasqs of wheat to each of his wives. When ‘Umar intended to expel the Jews from Khaibar he sent a message to the wives of the Prophet ﷺ and said to them “If any of you wishes that I divide the palm trees for her by their assessment that amounts one hundred wasqs (of dates) and to her belongs their root, their land and their water and (likewise) twenty wasqs from the produce of the cultivated land by assessment, I shall (do that). And if any of you wishes that we take out her portion from the fifth, we shall do (that). (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3008)   

لَمَّا افْتُتِحَتْ خَيْبَرُ سَأَلَتْ يَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُقِرَّهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُقِرُّكُمْ فِيهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَا شِئْنَا فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَكَانَ الثَّمَرُ يُقْسَمُ عَلَى السُّهْمَانِ مِنْ نِصْفِ خَيْبَرَ وَيَأْخُذُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْخُمُسَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُطْعِمُ كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِهِ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ تَمْرًا وَعِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا شَعِيرًا فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ عُمَرُ إِخْرَاجَ الْيَهُودِ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُنَّ مَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُنَّ أَنْ أَقْسِمَ لَهَا نَخْلًا بِخَرْصِهَا مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ فَيَكُونُ لَهَا أَصْلُهَا وَأَرْضُهَا وَمَاؤُهَا وَمِنَ الزَّرْعِ مَزْرَعَةَ خَرْصٍ عِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا فَعَلْنَا وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ نَعْزِلَ الَّذِي لَهَا فِي الْخُمُسِ كَمَا هُوَ فَعَلْنَا  

[Machine] And Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr ibn Hazm mentioned the division of the spoils of Khaybar. They said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided one-fifth between his relatives, his wives, and the men and women of the Muslims. He gave from it to his daughter Fatimah two hundred shares, and to Ali ibn Abi Talib one hundred shares, and to Osama ibn Zaid two hundred shares including fifty shares as gifts, and to Isa ibn Nakeem two hundred shares, and to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq two hundred shares. They mentioned a group of men and women who were given shares from it.  

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ فَذَكَرَا قِسْمَةَ خَيْبَرَ قَالَا ثُمَّ قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خُمُسَهُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ قَرَابَتِهِ وَبَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ وَبَيْنَ رِجَالٍ وَنِسَاءٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْهَا فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِابْنَتِهِ فَاطِمَةَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ وَلعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ وَلِأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ مِنْهَا خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا نَوًى وَلِعِيسَى بْنِ نُقِيمٍ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ وَلِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ مِائَتَيْ وَسْقٍ فَذَكَرَا جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ قَسَمَ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا