[Machine] There were four verses revealed to me; I struck a sword on the day of Badr, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, allow me to benefit from it." He said, "Put it wherever you took it from." Then I said, "O Messenger of Allah, allow me to benefit from it." He said, "Put it wherever you took it from." Then I said, "O Messenger of Allah, allow me to benefit from it and make me like someone who has no wealth." He said, "Put it wherever you took it from." And the verse was revealed, "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger'" [Surah Anfal: 1] until the end of the verse.  

نَزَلَتْ فِيَّ أَرْبَعُ آيَاتٍ؛ أَصَبْتُ سَيْفًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَفِّلْنِيهِ فَقَالَ ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَفِّلْنِيهِ فَقَالَ ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَفِّلْنِيهِ وَاجْعَلْنِي كَمَنْ لَا غَنَاءَ لَهُ قَالَ ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ وَنَزَلَتْ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ  

Mus’ab bin Sa’d reported on the authority of his father (Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas) “I brought a sword to the Prophet ﷺ on the day of the Badr and I said (to him) Apostle of Allaah ﷺ , Allaah has healed up my breast from the enemy today, so give me this sword. He said “This sword is neither mine nor yours. I then went away saying “today this will be given to a man who has not been put to trial like me. Meanwhile a messenger and came to me and said “Respond, I thought something was revealed about me owing to my speech. I came and the Prophet ﷺ said to me “You asked me for this sword, but this was neither mine nor yours. Now Allaah has given it to me, hence it is yours. He then recited “they ask thee concerning (things taken as) spoils of war. Say “(Such) spoils are at the disposal of Allaah and the Apostle. Abu Dawud said “According to the reading of the Qur’an of Ibn Mas’ud the verse goes. They ask thee concerning (things taken as ) spoils of war. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2740)   

جِئْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بِسَيْفٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ شُفِيَ صَدْرِي الْيَوْمَ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ فَهَبْ لِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا السَّيْفَ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ فَذَهَبْتُ وَأَنَا أَقُولُ يُعْطَاهُ الْيَوْمَ مَنْ لَمْ يُبْلِ بَلَائِي فَبَيْنَا أَنَا إِذْ جَاءَنِي الرَّسُولُ فَقَالَ أَجِبْ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيَّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِي فَجِئْتُ فَقَالَ لِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّكَ سَأَلْتَنِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ وَلَيْسَ هُوَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ لِي فَهُوَ لَكَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of Badr: He who does such-and-such, will have such-and such. The young men came forward and the old men remained standing near the banners, and they did not move from there. When Allah bestowed victory on them, the old men said: We were support for you. If you had been defeated, you would have returned to us. Do not take this booty alone and we remain (deprived of it). The young men refused (to give), and said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has given it to us. Then Allah sent down: "They ask thee concerning (things taken as) spoils of war, Say: (Such) spoils are at the disposal of Allah and the Apostle......Just as they Lord ordered thee out of thy house in truth, even though a party among the believers disliked it." This proved good for them. Similarly obey me. I know the consequence of this better than you. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2737)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مَنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَهُ مِنَ النَّفْلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ فَتَقَدَّمَ الْفِتْيَانُ وَلَزِمَ الْمَشْيَخَةُ الرَّايَاتِ فَلَمْ يَبْرَحُوهَا فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَتِ الْمَشْيَخَةُ كُنَّا رِدَاءً لَكُمْ لَوِ انْهَزَمْتُمْ فِئْتُمْ إِلَيْنَا فَلَا تَذْهَبُوا بِالْمَغْنَمِ وَنَبْقَى فَأَبَى الْفِتْيَانُ وَقَالُوا جَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ} [الأنفال 5] يَقُولُ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا فَأَطِيعُونِي فَإِنِّي أَعْلَمُ بِعَاقِبَةِ هَذَا مِنْكُمْ 12713 أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا أَبُو عِمْرَانَ التُّسْتَرِيُّ ثنا سَهْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوَاءِ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the people met at Badr, every man would take what he could. We were three: a third fighting the enemy and capturing them, a third collecting the booty, and a third standing guard over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , protecting him from the enemy's attack. When the battle was over, those who had collected the booty said, 'This is for us, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took whatever he took.' And those who had fought and captured said, 'By Allah! You have no more claim to it than we do, for we engaged the enemy and took their shoulders, and there is no one between us and the booty to prevent us from taking it, but we were concerned for the safety of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the enemy's attack, so we stood guard over him.' And those who had been guarding the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'By Allah! You have no more claim to it than we do, for we saw that when the enemy exposed themselves to us, we should kill them and take the booty, and there was no one between us and the booty to prevent us from taking it, but we feared for the safety of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the enemy's attack, so we stood guard over him.' So when we disputed and our manners became bad, Allah took it from our hands and placed it in the hands of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and he divided it equally among the people, without taking any portion for himself. In this was the fear of Allah, obedience to Him and to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and reconciliation between people. Allah (ﷻ) says (what means): "They ask you (O Muhammad) about the spoils of war. Say: 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and settle your differences between yourselves.'" [Quran 8:1]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ وَكُنَّا أَثْلَاثًا؛ ثُلُثٌ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْعَدُوَّ وَيَأْسِرُونَ وَثُلُثٌ يَجْمَعُونَ النَّفْلَ وَثُلُثٌ قِيَامٌ دُونَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَخْشَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ حَرَسًا لَهُ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أَصَابُوا النَّفْلَ هُوَ لَنَا وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَقْتُلُونَ وَيَأْسِرُونَ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا لَنَحْنُ شَغَلْنَا عَنْكُمُ الْقَوْمَ وَخَلَّيْنَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّفْلِ فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَحْرُسُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَنْ نَقْتُلَ الرِّجَالَ حِينَ مَنَحُونَا أَكْتَافَهُمْ وَنَأْخُذَ النَّفْلَ لَيْسَ دُونَهُ أَحَدٌ يَمْنَعُهُ وَلَكِنَّا خَشِينَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ فَقُمْنَا دُونَهُ فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفْنَا وَسَاءَتْ أَخْلَاقُنَا انْتَزَعَهُ اللهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَنْ بَوَاءٍ فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ مَعَ تَقْصِيرٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَقَالَ فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خُمُسٌ  

[Machine] Narrated by Abu Umamah al-Bahili, the companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , Ubada ibn As-Samit reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to Badr and encountered the enemy. When Allah granted them victory over them, a group of Muslims chased after them and killed them, and another group of Muslims surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and controlled the military power. When Allah finished off the enemy and those who had been killed returned, they said to us, "You got the spoils of war, we killed the enemy whilst we were still in their pursuance and Allah defeated and humiliated them." And those who had surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "By Allah, you are not more entitled to them than us. We surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that the enemy could not get to him." Those who had controlled the military power said, "By Allah, you are not more entitled to them than us. We controlled the military power." Then Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, revealed the verse, "They ask you concerning the spoils of war. Say: 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger. So fear Allah and adjust all matters of difference among you."' (Quran 8:1) until His statement, "If you really are believers." (Quran 2:91) Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided the spoils of war among them fairly.  

عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَلَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِالْعَسْكَرِ فَلَمَّا كَفَى اللهُ الْعَدُوَّ وَرَجَعَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُمْ قَالُوا لَنَا النَّفْلُ؛ نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا الْعَدُوَّ وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَنَالُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا؛ نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} [البقرة 91] فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فَوَاقٍ  

[Machine] He said to a man, "As for your question about which I am bearing witness, 'Uthman participated in the Battle of Badr.' Indeed, he was preoccupied with the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow and mentioned the incident."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ أَمَّا قَوْلُكَ الَّذِي سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ أَشَهِدَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ بَدْرًا؟ فَإِنَّهُ شُغِلَ بِابْنَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] From his uncle, Musa ibn Uqbah, about the battles of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the naming of those who witnessed the Battle of Badr and those who did not. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow, Uthman ibn Affan ibn Abi Al-'As, who did not participate in the battle, for abandoning his wife Ruqayyah bint Rasulullah ﷺ. She fell ill and he abandoned her until she died on the day the people of Badr arrived in Madinah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow. He said, "And what is your reward, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "And what is your reward?" Talhah ibn Ubayd Allah came from Sham after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Badr and spoke to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about his arrow. He said, "This is your reward." He said, "And what is your reward, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "And what is your reward?" Sa'id ibn Zaid came from Sham after the advance of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Badr and spoke to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about his arrow. He said, "This is your reward." He said, "And what is your reward, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "And what is your reward?" Abu Lubabah went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to Badr and returned to Madinah with him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered him over the city and struck him with his arrow alongside the Companions of Badr. Khawwat ibn Jubayr went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until he reached As-Saffra', and a stone hit his leg, so he returned. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow. Asim ibn Adi went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they thought he had returned, so they returned him. He came back from Ar-Rawha' and the Prophet ﷺ struck him with his arrow. This is the wording of the hadith of Musa ibn Uqbah and the hadith of 'Urwa with its meaning, and in the hadith of 'Urwa, Harith ibn Hattib added it and the Prophet ﷺ struck him with his arrow.  

عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ تَخَلَّفَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَتْ وَجِعَةً فَتَخَلَّفَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ يَوْمَ قَدِمَ أَهْلُ بَدْرٍ الْمَدِينَةَ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ قَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ قَالَ وَقَدِمَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ مِنَ الشَّامَ بَعْدَمَا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَدْرٍ فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَهْمِهِ فَقَالَ لَكَ سَهْمُكَ قَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ وَقَدِمَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ مِنَ الشَّامِ بَعْدَ مَقْدِمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَدْرٍ فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَهْمِهِ فَقَالَ لَكَ سَهْمُكَ قَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ وَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَرَجَّعَهُ وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الصَّفْرَاءَ فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ حَجَرٌ فَرَجَعَ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ خَرَجَ زَعَمُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَدَّهُ فَرَجَعَ مِنَ الرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَحَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ رَدَّهُ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ  

[Machine] Regarding the spoils of war, Allah says, "They ask you [O Muhammad] about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger.'" (Quran 8:1) The spoils of war were exclusively for the Prophet ﷺ ; no one else had a share in them. Whatever the Muslim armies gained from the enemy's fortresses and took as spoils, every needle, every string, anyone who kept even the smallest amount of it hidden was considered a thief. So they asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for a share from the spoils. Allah, Glorious and Exalted is He, then said, "They ask you [O Muhammad] about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger.'" (Quran 8:1) They did not have any share in it. So, fear Allah and reconcile any disputes between yourselves. (Quran 8:1) Until His saying, "If you are believers." (Quran 2:91) Then Allah revealed, "And know that whatever you obtain of war booty - indeed, for Allah is one-fifth of it and for the Messenger..." (Quran 8:41) Then, Allah divided that one-fifth among the Messenger of Allah, his relatives, orphans, the poor, and those who strive in the cause of Allah. And He made four-fifths for distribution among the people equally, whether they are cavalry or infantry, by two arrows for each horseman and one arrow for his shield-carrier. This is how it is stated in the book, but it is a mistake. It is indeed the share of the traveler.  

عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] قَالَ الْأَنْفَالُ الْمَغَانِمُ كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَالِصَةً لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ مَا أَصَابَ سَرَايَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَوْا بِهِ فَمَنْ حَبَسَ مِنْهُ إِبْرَةً أَوْ سِلْكًا فَهُوَ غُلُولٌ فَسَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمْ مِنْهَا قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ} [الأنفال 1] لِي جَعَلْتُهَا لِرَسُولِي لَيْسَ لَكُمْ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ {فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} [البقرة 91] ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 41] ثُمَّ قَسَمَ ذَلِكَ الْخُمُسَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ {وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الأنفال 41] يَعْنِي قَرَابَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَجَعَلَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ النَّاسُ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمٌ وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمٌ كَذَا وَقَعَ فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُجَاهِدِينَ وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ؛ إِنَّمَا هُوَ ابْنُ السَّبِيلِ  

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gained booty he ordered Bilal to make a public announcement. He made a public announcement, and when the people brought their booty, he would take a fifth and divide it. Thereafter a man brought a halter of hair and said: Messenger of Allah, this is a part of the booty we got. He asked: Have you heard Bilal making announcement three times? He replied: Yes. He asked: What did prevent you from bringing it? He made some excuse, to which he said: Be (as you are), you may bring it on the Day of Judgment, for I shall not accept it from you. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2712)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَصَابَ غَنِيمَةً أَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَيُنَادِي فِي النَّاسِ فَيَجِيئُونَ بِغَنَائِمِهِمْ فَيُخَمِّسُهَا وَيَقْسِمُهَا فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِزِمَامٍ مِنْ شَعَرٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَذَا فِيمَا كُنَّا أَصَبْنَاهُ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ فَقَالَ أَسَمِعْتَ بِلَالًا نَادَى ثَلَاثًا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَجِيءَ بِهِ؟ فَاعْتَذَرَ فَقَالَ كُنْ أَنْتَ تَجِيءُ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَنْ أَقْبَلَهُ عَنْكَ