[Machine] Narrated by Abu Umamah al-Bahili, the companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , Ubada ibn As-Samit reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to Badr and encountered the enemy. When Allah granted them victory over them, a group of Muslims chased after them and killed them, and another group of Muslims surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and controlled the military power. When Allah finished off the enemy and those who had been killed returned, they said to us, "You got the spoils of war, we killed the enemy whilst we were still in their pursuance and Allah defeated and humiliated them." And those who had surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "By Allah, you are not more entitled to them than us. We surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that the enemy could not get to him." Those who had controlled the military power said, "By Allah, you are not more entitled to them than us. We controlled the military power." Then Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, revealed the verse, "They ask you concerning the spoils of war. Say: 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger. So fear Allah and adjust all matters of difference among you."' (Quran 8:1) until His statement, "If you really are believers." (Quran 2:91) Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided the spoils of war among them fairly.
عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَلَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِالْعَسْكَرِ فَلَمَّا كَفَى اللهُ الْعَدُوَّ وَرَجَعَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُمْ قَالُوا لَنَا النَّفْلُ؛ نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا الْعَدُوَّ وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَنَالُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا؛ نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} [البقرة 91] فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فَوَاقٍ