[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the people met at Badr, every man would take what he could. We were three: a third fighting the enemy and capturing them, a third collecting the booty, and a third standing guard over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , protecting him from the enemy's attack. When the battle was over, those who had collected the booty said, 'This is for us, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took whatever he took.' And those who had fought and captured said, 'By Allah! You have no more claim to it than we do, for we engaged the enemy and took their shoulders, and there is no one between us and the booty to prevent us from taking it, but we were concerned for the safety of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the enemy's attack, so we stood guard over him.' And those who had been guarding the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'By Allah! You have no more claim to it than we do, for we saw that when the enemy exposed themselves to us, we should kill them and take the booty, and there was no one between us and the booty to prevent us from taking it, but we feared for the safety of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the enemy's attack, so we stood guard over him.' So when we disputed and our manners became bad, Allah took it from our hands and placed it in the hands of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and he divided it equally among the people, without taking any portion for himself. In this was the fear of Allah, obedience to Him and to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and reconciliation between people. Allah (ﷻ) says (what means): "They ask you (O Muhammad) about the spoils of war. Say: 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and settle your differences between yourselves.'" [Quran 8:1]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ وَكُنَّا أَثْلَاثًا؛ ثُلُثٌ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْعَدُوَّ وَيَأْسِرُونَ وَثُلُثٌ يَجْمَعُونَ النَّفْلَ وَثُلُثٌ قِيَامٌ دُونَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَخْشَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ حَرَسًا لَهُ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أَصَابُوا النَّفْلَ هُوَ لَنَا وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَقْتُلُونَ وَيَأْسِرُونَ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا لَنَحْنُ شَغَلْنَا عَنْكُمُ الْقَوْمَ وَخَلَّيْنَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّفْلِ فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَحْرُسُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَنْ نَقْتُلَ الرِّجَالَ حِينَ مَنَحُونَا أَكْتَافَهُمْ وَنَأْخُذَ النَّفْلَ لَيْسَ دُونَهُ أَحَدٌ يَمْنَعُهُ وَلَكِنَّا خَشِينَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ فَقُمْنَا دُونَهُ فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفْنَا وَسَاءَتْ أَخْلَاقُنَا انْتَزَعَهُ اللهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَنْ بَوَاءٍ فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ مَعَ تَقْصِيرٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَقَالَ فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خُمُسٌ