[Machine] And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The spoils of war were not lawful for those before us because Allah saw our weakness and inability, so He made them lawful for us."  

وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَنَا ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللهَ رَأَى ضَعْفَنَا وَعَجْزَنَا فَطَيَّبَهَا لَنَا  

One of the Prophets made a holy war. He said to his followers: One who has married a woman and wants to consummate to his marriage but has not yet done so; another who has built a house but has not yet erected its roof; and another who has bought goats and pregnantshe-camels and is waiting for their offspring-will not accommpany me. So he marched on and approached a village at or about the time of the Asr prayers. He said to the sun: Thou art subserviant (to Allah) and so am I. O Allah, stop it for me a little. It was stopped for him until Allah granted him victory. The people gathered the spoils of war (at one place). A fire approached the spoils to devour them, but it did not devour them. He (the Holy Prophet) said: Some of you have been guilty of misappropriation. So one man from each tribe should swear fealty to me. The did so (putting their hands into his). The hand of one man stuck to his hand and the Prophet ﷺ said: Your tribe is guilty of misappropriation. Let all the members of your tribe swear fealty to me one by one. They did so, when the hands of two or three persons got stuck with his hand. He said: You have misappropriated. So they took out gold equal in volume to the head of a cow. They-placed it among the spoils on the earth. Then the fire approached the spoils and devoured them. The spoils of war were not made lawful for any people before us, This is because Allah saw our weakness and humility and made them lawful for us. (Using translation from Muslim 1747)   

وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ غَزَا نَبِيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَقَالَ لِلْقَوْمِ لَا يَتْبَعْنِي رَجُلٌ قَدْ كَانَ مَلَكَ بُضْعَ امْرَأَةٍ وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ بِهَا وَلَمَّا يَبْنِ وَلَا آخَرُ قَدْ بَنَى بِنَاءً لَهُ وَلَمَّا يَرْفَعْ سُقُفَهَا وَلَا آخَرُ قَدِ اشْتَرَى غَنَمًا أَوْ خَلِفَاتٍ وَهُوَ يَنْتَظِرُ وِلَادَهَا فَغَدَا فَدَنَا مِنَ الْقَرْيَةِ حِينَ صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِلشَّمْسِ أَنْتِ مَأْمُورَةٌ وَأَنَا مَأْمُورٌ اللهُمَّ احْبِسْهَا عَلَيَّ شَيْئًا فَحُبِسَتْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَجَمَعُوا مَا غَنِمُوا فَأَقْبَلَتِ النَّارُ لِتَأْكُلَهُ فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَطْعَمَهُ فَقَالَ فِيكُمْ غُلُولٌ فَلْيُبَايِعْنِي مِنْ كُلِّ قَبِيلَةٍ رَجُلٌ فَبَايَعُوهُ فَلَصَقَتْ يَدُ رَجُلٍ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ فِيكُمُ الْغُلُولُ فَلْيُبَايِعْنِي قَبِيلَتُكَ فَبَايَعَتْهُ قَبِيلَتُهُ فَلَصِقَ يَدُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ فَقَالَ فِيكُمُ الْغُلُولُ أَنْتُمْ غَلَلْتُمْ قَالَ فَأَخْرَجُوا لَهُ مِثْلَ رَأْسِ بَقَرَةٍ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فَوَضَعُوهُ فِي الْمَالِ وَهُوَ بِالصَّعِيدِ فَأَقْبَلَتِ النَّارُ فَأَكَلَتْ فَلَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ قَبْلِنَا ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللهَ رَأَى ضَعْفَنَا وَعَجْزَنَا فَطَيَّبَهَا لَنَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The spoils of war were not permissible for a people with black heads before you. It used to be collected and then fire would descend from the sky and consume them. But on the day of Badr, the people were hasty in taking the spoils of war, so Allah revealed, 'Had it not been for a decree from Allah that had already gone forth, surely, a severe torment would have touched you for what you took.' [Quran 8:68] 'So eat of what you have gained of war booty, lawful and good.' [Quran 8:69] The wording is narrated by Abu Mu'awiyah, and in another narration by Mu'hadir, and it was when they were hasty in taking the spoils of war before it was made permissible for them. So Allah revealed this and added to it.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَمْ تَحِلَّ الْغَنَائِمُ لِقَوْمٍ سُودِ الرُّءُوسِ قَبْلَكُمْ كَانَتْ تُجْمَعُ فَتَنْزِلُ نَارٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَأْكُلُهَا فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ أَسْرَعَ النَّاسُ فِي الْغَنَائِمِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {لَوْلَا كِتَابٌ مِنَ اللهِ سَبَقَ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِيمَا أَخَذْتُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ} [الأنفال 68] {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} [الأنفال 69] لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَاضِرٍ وَأَنّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ أَغَارُوا فِيهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ لَهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ وَزَادَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَأُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: I have been conferred upon five (things) which were not granted to anyone before me (and these are): Every apostle wassent particularly to his own people, whereas I have been sent to all the red and the black the spoils of war have been made lawful for me, and these were never made lawful to anyone before me, and the earth has been made sacred and pure and mosque for me, so whenever the time of prayer comes for any one of you he should pray whenever he is, and I have been supported by awe (by which the enemy is overwhelmed) from the distance (which one takes) one month to cover and I have been granted intercession. (Using translation from Muslim 521a)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُعْطِيتُ خَمْسًا لَمْ يُعْطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي كَانَ كُلُّ نَبِيٍّ يُبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ خَاصَّةً وَبُعِثْتُ إِلَى كُلِّ أَحْمَرَ وَأَسْوَدَ وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْمَغَانِمُ وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الْأَرْضُ طِيبًا وَطَهُورًا وَمَسْجِدًا وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ صَلَّى حَيْثُ كَانَ وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ بَيْنَ يَدِيَّ مَسِيرَةَ شَهْرٍ وَأُعْطِيتُ الشَّفَاعَةَ  

[Machine] There were four verses revealed to me; I struck a sword on the day of Badr, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, allow me to benefit from it." He said, "Put it wherever you took it from." Then I said, "O Messenger of Allah, allow me to benefit from it." He said, "Put it wherever you took it from." Then I said, "O Messenger of Allah, allow me to benefit from it and make me like someone who has no wealth." He said, "Put it wherever you took it from." And the verse was revealed, "They ask you about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger'" [Surah Anfal: 1] until the end of the verse.  

نَزَلَتْ فِيَّ أَرْبَعُ آيَاتٍ؛ أَصَبْتُ سَيْفًا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَفِّلْنِيهِ فَقَالَ ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَفِّلْنِيهِ فَقَالَ ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَفِّلْنِيهِ وَاجْعَلْنِي كَمَنْ لَا غَنَاءَ لَهُ قَالَ ضَعْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخَذْتَهُ وَنَزَلَتْ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ  

Mus’ab bin Sa’d reported on the authority of his father (Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas) “I brought a sword to the Prophet ﷺ on the day of the Badr and I said (to him) Apostle of Allaah ﷺ , Allaah has healed up my breast from the enemy today, so give me this sword. He said “This sword is neither mine nor yours. I then went away saying “today this will be given to a man who has not been put to trial like me. Meanwhile a messenger and came to me and said “Respond, I thought something was revealed about me owing to my speech. I came and the Prophet ﷺ said to me “You asked me for this sword, but this was neither mine nor yours. Now Allaah has given it to me, hence it is yours. He then recited “they ask thee concerning (things taken as) spoils of war. Say “(Such) spoils are at the disposal of Allaah and the Apostle. Abu Dawud said “According to the reading of the Qur’an of Ibn Mas’ud the verse goes. They ask thee concerning (things taken as ) spoils of war. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2740)   

جِئْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ بِسَيْفٍ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ شُفِيَ صَدْرِي الْيَوْمَ مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ فَهَبْ لِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا السَّيْفَ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ فَذَهَبْتُ وَأَنَا أَقُولُ يُعْطَاهُ الْيَوْمَ مَنْ لَمْ يُبْلِ بَلَائِي فَبَيْنَا أَنَا إِذْ جَاءَنِي الرَّسُولُ فَقَالَ أَجِبْ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيَّ شَيْءٌ مِنْ كَلَامِي فَجِئْتُ فَقَالَ لِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّكَ سَأَلْتَنِي هَذَا السَّيْفَ وَلَيْسَ هُوَ لِي وَلَا لَكَ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ جَعَلَهُ لِي فَهُوَ لَكَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of Badr: He who does such-and-such, will have such-and such. The young men came forward and the old men remained standing near the banners, and they did not move from there. When Allah bestowed victory on them, the old men said: We were support for you. If you had been defeated, you would have returned to us. Do not take this booty alone and we remain (deprived of it). The young men refused (to give), and said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has given it to us. Then Allah sent down: "They ask thee concerning (things taken as) spoils of war, Say: (Such) spoils are at the disposal of Allah and the Apostle......Just as they Lord ordered thee out of thy house in truth, even though a party among the believers disliked it." This proved good for them. Similarly obey me. I know the consequence of this better than you. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2737)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مَنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَهُ مِنَ النَّفْلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ فَتَقَدَّمَ الْفِتْيَانُ وَلَزِمَ الْمَشْيَخَةُ الرَّايَاتِ فَلَمْ يَبْرَحُوهَا فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَتِ الْمَشْيَخَةُ كُنَّا رِدَاءً لَكُمْ لَوِ انْهَزَمْتُمْ فِئْتُمْ إِلَيْنَا فَلَا تَذْهَبُوا بِالْمَغْنَمِ وَنَبْقَى فَأَبَى الْفِتْيَانُ وَقَالُوا جَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَنَا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {كَمَا أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَارِهُونَ} [الأنفال 5] يَقُولُ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا فَأَطِيعُونِي فَإِنِّي أَعْلَمُ بِعَاقِبَةِ هَذَا مِنْكُمْ 12713 أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدَانَ أنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا أَبُو عِمْرَانَ التُّسْتَرِيُّ ثنا سَهْلُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوَاءِ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the people met at Badr, every man would take what he could. We were three: a third fighting the enemy and capturing them, a third collecting the booty, and a third standing guard over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , protecting him from the enemy's attack. When the battle was over, those who had collected the booty said, 'This is for us, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took whatever he took.' And those who had fought and captured said, 'By Allah! You have no more claim to it than we do, for we engaged the enemy and took their shoulders, and there is no one between us and the booty to prevent us from taking it, but we were concerned for the safety of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the enemy's attack, so we stood guard over him.' And those who had been guarding the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'By Allah! You have no more claim to it than we do, for we saw that when the enemy exposed themselves to us, we should kill them and take the booty, and there was no one between us and the booty to prevent us from taking it, but we feared for the safety of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the enemy's attack, so we stood guard over him.' So when we disputed and our manners became bad, Allah took it from our hands and placed it in the hands of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and he divided it equally among the people, without taking any portion for himself. In this was the fear of Allah, obedience to Him and to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and reconciliation between people. Allah (ﷻ) says (what means): "They ask you (O Muhammad) about the spoils of war. Say: 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and settle your differences between yourselves.'" [Quran 8:1]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ وَكُنَّا أَثْلَاثًا؛ ثُلُثٌ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْعَدُوَّ وَيَأْسِرُونَ وَثُلُثٌ يَجْمَعُونَ النَّفْلَ وَثُلُثٌ قِيَامٌ دُونَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَخْشَوْنَ عَلَيْهِ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ حَرَسًا لَهُ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَالَ الَّذِينَ أَصَابُوا النَّفْلَ هُوَ لَنَا وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَقْتُلُونَ وَيَأْسِرُونَ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا لَنَحْنُ شَغَلْنَا عَنْكُمُ الْقَوْمَ وَخَلَّيْنَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ النَّفْلِ فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَحْرُسُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا لَقَدْ رَأَيْنَا أَنْ نَقْتُلَ الرِّجَالَ حِينَ مَنَحُونَا أَكْتَافَهُمْ وَنَأْخُذَ النَّفْلَ لَيْسَ دُونَهُ أَحَدٌ يَمْنَعُهُ وَلَكِنَّا خَشِينَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَرَّةَ الْعَدُوِّ فَقُمْنَا دُونَهُ فَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا فَلَمَّا اخْتَلَفْنَا وَسَاءَتْ أَخْلَاقُنَا انْتَزَعَهُ اللهُ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَنْ بَوَاءٍ فَكَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ تَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتُهُ وَطَاعَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَصَلَاحُ ذَاتِ الْبَيْنِ يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] وَرَوَاهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ مَعَ تَقْصِيرٍ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَقَالَ فَقَسَمَهُ عَلَى السَّوَاءِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ خُمُسٌ  

[Machine] Narrated by Abu Umamah al-Bahili, the companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , Ubada ibn As-Samit reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out to Badr and encountered the enemy. When Allah granted them victory over them, a group of Muslims chased after them and killed them, and another group of Muslims surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and controlled the military power. When Allah finished off the enemy and those who had been killed returned, they said to us, "You got the spoils of war, we killed the enemy whilst we were still in their pursuance and Allah defeated and humiliated them." And those who had surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "By Allah, you are not more entitled to them than us. We surrounded the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that the enemy could not get to him." Those who had controlled the military power said, "By Allah, you are not more entitled to them than us. We controlled the military power." Then Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, revealed the verse, "They ask you concerning the spoils of war. Say: 'The spoils of war are for Allah and the Messenger. So fear Allah and adjust all matters of difference among you."' (Quran 8:1) until His statement, "If you really are believers." (Quran 2:91) Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided the spoils of war among them fairly.  

عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيِّ صَاحِبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَلَقِيَ الْعَدُوَّ فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ اتَّبَعَهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْتُلُونَهُمْ وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتَوْلَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِالْعَسْكَرِ فَلَمَّا كَفَى اللهُ الْعَدُوَّ وَرَجَعَ الَّذِينَ قَتَلُوهُمْ قَالُوا لَنَا النَّفْلُ؛ نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا الْعَدُوَّ وَبِنَا نَفَاهُمُ اللهُ وَهَزَمَهُمْ وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ مِنَّا هُوَ لَنَا؛ نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يَنَالُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ وَاللهِ مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنَّا؛ نَحْنُ اسْتَوْلَيْنَا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} [البقرة 91] فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ عَنْ فَوَاقٍ  

[Machine] He said to a man, "As for your question about which I am bearing witness, 'Uthman participated in the Battle of Badr.' Indeed, he was preoccupied with the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow and mentioned the incident."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ أَمَّا قَوْلُكَ الَّذِي سَأَلْتَنِي عَنْهُ أَشَهِدَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ بَدْرًا؟ فَإِنَّهُ شُغِلَ بِابْنَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] From his uncle, Musa ibn Uqbah, about the battles of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the naming of those who witnessed the Battle of Badr and those who did not. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow, Uthman ibn Affan ibn Abi Al-'As, who did not participate in the battle, for abandoning his wife Ruqayyah bint Rasulullah ﷺ. She fell ill and he abandoned her until she died on the day the people of Badr arrived in Madinah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow. He said, "And what is your reward, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "And what is your reward?" Talhah ibn Ubayd Allah came from Sham after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Badr and spoke to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about his arrow. He said, "This is your reward." He said, "And what is your reward, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "And what is your reward?" Sa'id ibn Zaid came from Sham after the advance of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from Badr and spoke to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about his arrow. He said, "This is your reward." He said, "And what is your reward, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "And what is your reward?" Abu Lubabah went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to Badr and returned to Madinah with him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered him over the city and struck him with his arrow alongside the Companions of Badr. Khawwat ibn Jubayr went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until he reached As-Saffra', and a stone hit his leg, so he returned. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him with his arrow. Asim ibn Adi went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they thought he had returned, so they returned him. He came back from Ar-Rawha' and the Prophet ﷺ struck him with his arrow. This is the wording of the hadith of Musa ibn Uqbah and the hadith of 'Urwa with its meaning, and in the hadith of 'Urwa, Harith ibn Hattib added it and the Prophet ﷺ struck him with his arrow.  

عَنْ عَمِّهِ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي تَسْمِيَةِ مَنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَنْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ تَخَلَّفَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَتْ وَجِعَةً فَتَخَلَّفَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ يَوْمَ قَدِمَ أَهْلُ بَدْرٍ الْمَدِينَةَ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ قَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ قَالَ وَقَدِمَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ مِنَ الشَّامَ بَعْدَمَا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَدْرٍ فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَهْمِهِ فَقَالَ لَكَ سَهْمُكَ قَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ وَقَدِمَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ مِنَ الشَّامِ بَعْدَ مَقْدِمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَدْرٍ فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَهْمِهِ فَقَالَ لَكَ سَهْمُكَ قَالَ وَأَجْرِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ وَأَجْرُكَ وَأَبُو لُبَابَةَ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَرَجَّعَهُ وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ وَخَوَّاتُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ خَرَجَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الصَّفْرَاءَ فَأَصَابَ سَاقَهُ حَجَرٌ فَرَجَعَ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ خَرَجَ زَعَمُوا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَدَّهُ فَرَجَعَ مِنَ الرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ الصِّمَّةِ كُسِرَ بِالرَّوْحَاءِ فَضَرَبَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِسَهْمِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَحَدِيثُ عُرْوَةَ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فِي حَدِيثِ عُرْوَةَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ رَدَّهُ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ  

[Machine] Regarding the spoils of war, Allah says, "They ask you [O Muhammad] about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger.'" (Quran 8:1) The spoils of war were exclusively for the Prophet ﷺ ; no one else had a share in them. Whatever the Muslim armies gained from the enemy's fortresses and took as spoils, every needle, every string, anyone who kept even the smallest amount of it hidden was considered a thief. So they asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for a share from the spoils. Allah, Glorious and Exalted is He, then said, "They ask you [O Muhammad] about the spoils of war. Say, 'The spoils of war belong to Allah and the Messenger.'" (Quran 8:1) They did not have any share in it. So, fear Allah and reconcile any disputes between yourselves. (Quran 8:1) Until His saying, "If you are believers." (Quran 2:91) Then Allah revealed, "And know that whatever you obtain of war booty - indeed, for Allah is one-fifth of it and for the Messenger..." (Quran 8:41) Then, Allah divided that one-fifth among the Messenger of Allah, his relatives, orphans, the poor, and those who strive in the cause of Allah. And He made four-fifths for distribution among the people equally, whether they are cavalry or infantry, by two arrows for each horseman and one arrow for his shield-carrier. This is how it is stated in the book, but it is a mistake. It is indeed the share of the traveler.  

عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 1] قَالَ الْأَنْفَالُ الْمَغَانِمُ كَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَالِصَةً لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ مَا أَصَابَ سَرَايَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَتَوْا بِهِ فَمَنْ حَبَسَ مِنْهُ إِبْرَةً أَوْ سِلْكًا فَهُوَ غُلُولٌ فَسَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمْ مِنْهَا قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ} [الأنفال 1] لِي جَعَلْتُهَا لِرَسُولِي لَيْسَ لَكُمْ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ {فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ} [البقرة 91] ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} [الأنفال 41] ثُمَّ قَسَمَ ذَلِكَ الْخُمُسَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ {وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الأنفال 41] يَعْنِي قَرَابَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْمُجَاهِدِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَجَعَلَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ النَّاسُ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمٌ وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمٌ كَذَا وَقَعَ فِي الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُجَاهِدِينَ وَهُوَ غَلَطٌ؛ إِنَّمَا هُوَ ابْنُ السَّبِيلِ  

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gained booty he ordered Bilal to make a public announcement. He made a public announcement, and when the people brought their booty, he would take a fifth and divide it. Thereafter a man brought a halter of hair and said: Messenger of Allah, this is a part of the booty we got. He asked: Have you heard Bilal making announcement three times? He replied: Yes. He asked: What did prevent you from bringing it? He made some excuse, to which he said: Be (as you are), you may bring it on the Day of Judgment, for I shall not accept it from you. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2712)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَصَابَ غَنِيمَةً أَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَيُنَادِي فِي النَّاسِ فَيَجِيئُونَ بِغَنَائِمِهِمْ فَيُخَمِّسُهَا وَيَقْسِمُهَا فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِزِمَامٍ مِنْ شَعَرٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَذَا فِيمَا كُنَّا أَصَبْنَاهُ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ فَقَالَ أَسَمِعْتَ بِلَالًا نَادَى ثَلَاثًا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَجِيءَ بِهِ؟ فَاعْتَذَرَ فَقَالَ كُنْ أَنْتَ تَجِيءُ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَنْ أَقْبَلَهُ عَنْكَ  

[Machine] I heard Ibn Abbas saying, "When the delegation of Abd al-Qays came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he asked, 'From which tribe are you?' They replied, 'From Rabi'ah.' He welcomed the delegation, saying, 'Welcome to the delegation, which does not include the Khazay and the Nadamah.' They said, 'O Messenger of Allah, we are a group from Rabi'ah, and we have come to you from a far place. There is an unbelieving tribe, Mudhar, between us and you. We only come to you during the sacred month. So, give us some instructions that we can convey to those behind us and that will help us enter Paradise.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I command you to adhere to four things and forbid you from four things. I command you to have faith in Allah alone. Do you know what having faith in Allah means? It is to bear witness that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish prayer, to pay Zakah, to fast in Ramadan, and to give one-fifth of the spoils. I forbid you from four things: from using animals with saddles and bells, from branding the face of animals, from slashing the ears of animals, and from cutting their tails. And sometimes, he ﷺ added, 'from docking their ears.'" So, remember and convey this to those behind you.  

سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ إِنَّ وَفْدَ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ لَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مِمَّنِ الْقَوْمُ؟ قَالُوا مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ مَرْحَبًا بِالْوَفْدِ غَيْرِ الْخَزَايَا وَلَا النَّدَامَى فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا حَيٌّ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ وَإِنَّا نَأْتِيكَ مِنْ شُقَّةٍ بَعِيدَةٍ وَإِنَّهُ يَحُولُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ هَذَا الْحِيُّ مِنْ كُفَّارِ مُضَرَ وَإِنَّا لَا نَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ إِلَّا فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ فَمُرْنَا بِأَمْرٍ فَصْلٍ نَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ مَنْ وَرَاءَنَا وَنَدْخُلُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ آمُرُكُمْ بِأَرْبَعٍ وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ آمُرُكُمْ بِالْإِيمَانِ بِاللهِ وَحْدَهُ أَتَدْرُونَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ بِاللهِ؟ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ وَأَنْ تُعْطُوا مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ الْخُمُسَ وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْحَنْتَمِ وَالنَّقِيرِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ وَالْمُقَيَّرِ فَاحْفَظُوهُنَّ وَادْعُوا إِلَيْهِنَّ مَنْ وَرَاءَكُمْ  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ sent his granddad, Muawiyah, to a man who married his father's wife, and he killed him and seized his wealth.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَ أَبَاهُ جَدَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ أَعْرَسَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَبِيهِ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَخَمَّسَ مَالَهُ  

A son of Adi ibn Adi al-Kindi said that Umar ibn AbdulAziz wrote (to his governors): If anyone asks about the places where spoils (fay') should be spent, that should be done in accordance with the decision made by Umar ibn al-Khattab (Allah be pleased with him). The believers considered him to be just, according to the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: Allah has placed truth upon Umar's tongue and heart. He fixed stipends for Muslims, and provided protection for the people of other religions by levying jizyah (poll-tax) on them, deducting no fifth from it, nor taking it as booty. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2961)   

عَنْ مَوَاضِعِ الْفَيْءِ فَهُوَ مَا حَكَمَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَرَآهُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ عَدْلًا مُوَافِقًا لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَعَلَ اللهُ الْحَقَّ عَلَى لِسَانِ عُمَرَ وَقَلْبِهِ فَرَضَ الْأُعْطِيَةَ وَعَقَدَ لِأَهْلِ الْأَدْيَانِ ذِمَّةً بِمَا فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْجِزْيَةِ لَمْ يَضْرِبْ فِيهَا بِخُمُسٍ وَلَا مَغْنَمٍ رِوَايَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Al-Khattab, al-Abbas, and Ali bin Abi Talib were arguing about the Prophet's wealth. Umar said, "The wealth of Banu Nadeer was what Allah gave to his Messenger without the Muslims contributing any horses or weapons. It belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah, who spent it on his family for a year. Whatever was left was used for horses and weapons in the cause of Allah. After the death of the Prophet, Abu Bakr became its guardian, just as the Messenger of Allah had appointed him. Then I became its guardian, just as Abu Bakr had appointed me. Then you both asked me to give it to you, and I gave it to you on the condition that you use it for the same purposes as the Messenger of Allah had used it. But now you come to me arguing amongst yourselves, wanting me to give half to each of you. Do you want me to make a judgment that is different from what I have already ruled between you? By the One in whose hand is the life of the heavens and the earth, I will not make a judgment different from that. If you are incapable of fulfilling its conditions, then return it to me, and I will suffice you both." Ash-Shafi'i said, "Sufyan told me that he did not hear it directly from Az-Zuhri, but Amr bin Dinar told him about it, and I asked, 'Did he narrate it as you have explained?' and Sufyan said, 'Yes.'"  

الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَالْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَالِصًا دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ فَمَا فَضَلَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُمَانِي أَنْ أُوَلِّيَكُمَاهَا فَوَلَّيْتُكُمَاهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِهِ فَجِئْتُمَانِي تَخْتَصِمَانِ أتُرِيدَانِ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُما نِصْفًا أتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ مَا قَضَيْتُ بِهِ بَيْنَكُمَا أَوَّلًا فَلَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقَالَ لِي سُفْيَانُ لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قُلْتُ كَمَا قَصَصْتَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

The Prophet ﷺ concluded the treaty of peace with the people of Fadak and townships which he named which I could not remember ; he blockaded some other people who sent a message to him for capitulation. He said: "For this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry" means without fighting. Al-Zuhri said: The Banu al-Nadir property was exclusively kept for the Prophet ﷺ ; they did not conquer it by fighting, but conquered it by capitulation. To Prophet ﷺ divided it among the Emigrants. He did not give anything to the Helpers except two men were needy. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2971)   

عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي قَوْلِهِ {فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} [الحشر 6] قَالَ صَالَحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَهْلَ فَدَكٍ وَقُرًى قَدْ سَمَّاهَا لَا أَحْفَظُهَا وَهُوَ مُحَاصِرٌ قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ بِالصُّلْحِ قَالَ {فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} [الحشر 6] يَقُولُ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَكَانَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَالِصًا لَمْ يَفْتَحُوهَا عَنْوَةً افْتَتَحُوهَا عَلَى صُلْحٍ فَقَسَمَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْأَنْصَارَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا إِلَّا رَجُلَيْنِ كَانَتْ بِهِمَا حَاجَةٌ وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ opened the land of Banu Nadir, which Allah ﷻ had given to him, and Allah ﷻ revealed concerning it, {And what Allah restored to His Messenger from the people of the towns - it is for Allah and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and orphans and the [stranded] traveler - so that it will not be a perpetual distribution among the rich from among you. And whatever the Messenger has given you - take; and what he has forbidden you - refrain from.} [Surah Al-Hashr: 7]. It was special for the Prophet ﷺ, so he distributed it among the emigrants and gave two portions from it to the Ansar, Sahil bin Hunayf and Ibn Abdul Munzar, meaning Abu Lubabah. He also gave a portion to Abu Bakr, Umar bin Khattab, Suhayb, Sahil bin Hunayf, and Abu Dujanah, the wealth of the two brothers. He gave the well to Abdul Rahman, which is called the wealth of Sulayman, and he gave the well to Zubayr.  

فَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ عَلَيْهِ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} [الحشر 6] وَكَانَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَاصَّةً فَقَسَمَهَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَعْطَى رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْهَا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ؛ سَهْلَ بْنَ حُنَيْفٍ وَابْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُنْذِرِ يَعْنِي أَبَا لُبَابَةَ وَأَعْطَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَأَعْطَى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ بِئْرَ حَزْمٍ وَأَعْطَى صُهَيْبًا وَأَعْطَى سَهْلَ بْنَ حُنَيْفٍ وَأَبَا دُجَانَةَ مَالَ الْأَخَوَيْنِ وَأَعْطَى عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبِئْرَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ مَالُ سُلَيْمَانَ وَأَعْطَى الزُّبَيْرَ الْبِئْرَ ؓ  

'Umar sent for me when the day rose high. I found him sitting on a couch without cover. When I entered upon him, he said: Malik, some people of you tribe gradually came here, and I have ordered to give them something, so distribute it among them. I said: If you assigned this (work) to some other person, (it would be better). He said: Take it. Then Yarfa' came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, will you permit 'Uthman b. 'Affan, 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf, al-Zubair b. al-'Awwam, and Sa'd b, Abi Waqqas (to enter) ? He said: Yes. So he permitted them and they entered. Yarfa' again came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, would you permit al-'Abbas and 'Ali ? He said: Yes. He then permitted them and they entered. Al-'Abbas said: Commander of Faithful, decide between me and this, referring to 'Ali. Some of them said: Yes, Commander of the Faithful, decide between them and give them comfort. Malik b. Aws said: It occurred to me that both of them brought the other people for this. 'Umar said: Show patience (do not make haste). He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then said: Allah has appointed for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a special portion (in the booty) which he did not do for anyone. Allah, Most High, said: What Allah has bestowed on His Apostle (and taken away) from them - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power to His apostles over any He pleases ; and Allah has power over all things". Allah bestowed (the property of) Banu al-Nadir on His Apostle. I swear by Allah, he did not reserve it for himself, nor did he take it over and above you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to his share for his maintenance annually, or used to take his contribution and give his family their annual contribution (from this property), then take what remained and deal with it as he did with Allah's property. He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, Abu Bakr said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then you and this ('Ali) came to Abu Bakr, demanding a share from the inheritance of your cousin, and this ('Ali) demanding the share of his wife from (the property of her) father. Abu Bakr then said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah. Allah knows that he (Abu Bakr) was true, faithful, rightly-guided, and the follower of Triuth. Abu Bakr then administered it (property of the Prophet). When Abu Bakr died, I said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr. So I administered whatever Allah wished. Then you and this ('Ali) came. Both of you are at one, and your matter is the same. So they asked me for it (property), and I said: If you wish I give it to you on condition that you are bound by the covenant of Allah, meaning that you will administer it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to administer. So you took it from me on that condition. Then again you have come to me so that I decide between you other than that. I swear by Allah, I shall not decide between you other than that till the Last Hour comes. If you helpless, return it to me. Abu Dawud said: They asked him for making it half between them, and not that they were ignorant of the fact the Prophet ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They were also seeking the truth. 'Umar then said: I do not apply the name of division to it ; It leave it on its former condition. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2963)   

مَالُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِهَذَا غَيْرِي قَالَ خُذْهُ يَا مَالُ قَالَ فَجَاءَ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ نَعَمْ فَائْذَنْ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا الْكَاذِبِ الْآثِمِ الْغَادِرِ الْخَائِنِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَرِحْهُمْ قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ فخيل إِلِيَّ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لِذَلِكَ قَالَ عُمَرُ أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ ؓ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهَا أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الحشر 7] مَا أَدْرِي هَلْ قَرَأَ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا أَمْ لَا قَالَ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَكُمُ النَّضِيرَ فَوَاللهِ مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عَبَّاسًا وَعَلِيًّا ؓ بِمِثْلِ مَا نَشَدَ بِهِ الْقَوْمَ أَتَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَجِئْتُمَا تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَرَأَيْتُمَاهُ كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَرَأَيْتُمَانِي كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّي صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ فَوَلِيتُهَا ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِي أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهِ بِالَّذِي كَانَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَكَذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لِأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا وَلَا وَاللهِ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلِيَّ  

While I was at home, the sun rose high and it got hot. Suddenly the messenger of ʿUmar bin Al- Khattab came to me and said, "The chief of the believers has sent for you." So, I went along with him till I entered the place where ʿUmar was sitting on a bedstead made of date-palm leaves and covered with no mattress, and he was leaning over a leather pillow. I greeted him and sat down. He said, "O Mali! Some persons of your people who have families came to me and I have ordered that a gift should be given to them, so take it and distribute it among them." I said, "O chief of the believers! I wish that you order someone else to do it." He said, "O man! Take it." While I was sitting there with him, his doorman Yarfa' came saying, "ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf, Az-Zubair and Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas are asking your permission (to see you); may I admit them?" ʿUmar said, "Yes", So they were admitted and they came in, greeted him, and sat down. After a while Yarfa' came again and said, "May I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?" ʿUmar said, "yes." So, they were admitted and they came in and greeted (him) and sat down. Then ʿAbbas said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between me and this (i.e. ʿAli)." They had a dispute regarding the property of Bani An-Nadir which Allah had given to His Apostle as Fai. The group (i.e. ʿUthman and his companions) said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between them and relieve both of them front each other." ʿUmar said, "Be patient! I beseech you by Allah by Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exist, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (i.e. prophets') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is Sadaqa (to be used for charity),' and Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself (by saying "we'')?" The group said, "He said so." ʿUmar then turned to ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you by Allah, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said so?" They replied, " He said so." ʿUmar then said, "So, I will talk to you about this matter. Allah bestowed on His Apostle with a special favor of something of this Fai (booty) which he gave to nobody else." ʿUmar then recited the Holy Verses: "What Allah bestowed as (Fai) Booty on his Apostle (Muhammad) from them --- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: But Allah gives power to His Apostles over whomever He will 'And Allah is able to do all things." 9:6) ʿUmar added "So this property was especially given to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but, by Allah, neither did he take possession of it and leave your, nor did he favor himself with it to your exclusion, but he gave it to all of you and distributed it amongst you till this property remained out of it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend the yearly expenses of his family out of this property and used to keep the rest of its revenue to be spent on Allah 's Cause. Allah 's Apostle kept on doing this during all his lifetime. I ask you by Allah do you know this?" They replies in the affirmative. ʿUmar then said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas. "I ask you by Allah, do you know this?" ʿUmar added, "When Allah had taken His Prophet unto Him, 'Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ so, Abu Bakr took over that property and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and Allah knows that he was true, pious and rightlyguided, and he was a follower of what was right. Then Allah took Abu Bakr unto Him and I became Abu Bakr's successor, and I kept that property in my possession for the first two years of my Caliphate, managing it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do and as Abu Bakr used to do, and Allah knows that I have been true, pious, rightly guided, and a follower of what is right. Now you both (i.e. 'Ah and ʿAbbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case; you, ʿAbbas, came to me asking for your share from your nephew's property, and this man, i.e. ʿAli, came to me asking for his wife's share from her father's property. I told you both that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (prophets') properties are not to be inherited, but what we leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity).' When I thought it right that I should hand over this property to you, I said to you, 'I am ready to hand over this property to you if you wish, on the condition that you would take Allah's Pledge and Convention that you would manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to, and as Abu Bakr used to do, and as I have done since I was in charge of it.' So, both of you said (to me), 'Hand it over to us,' and on that condition I handed it over to you. So, I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on this condition?" The group aid, "Yes." Then ʿUmar faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas saying, "I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to you on this condition?" They said, "Yes. " He said, " Do you want now to give a different decision? By Allah, by Whose Leave both the Heaven and the Earth exist, I will never give any decision other than that (I have already given). And if you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will do the job on your behalf." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3094)   

عُمَرَ ؓ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْنَا لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُرْ بِهِ غَيْرِي قَالَ اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ قَالَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَذَا عُثْمَانُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَسَعْدٌ وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةَ أَمْ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَقَالَ هَذَا الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَدَخَلَا قَالَ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا قَالَ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا قَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا قَالَ وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ قَالَ الْقَوْمُ أَجَلِ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ نَعَمْ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالاَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِنِّي سَأُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ} [الحشر 6] الْآيَةَ قَالَ وَاللهِ مَا حَازَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا فِيكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَتَهُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ يَحْبِسُ قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ ﷻ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ ؓ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُ فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي فَفَعَلْتُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنِّي فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي جَاءَنِي هَذَا يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ ؓ يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا يُرِيدُ عَلِيًّا ؓ يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْكُمَا فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ وَأَيَّامَ وَلِيتُهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ هَذَا؟ وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا إِنْ كُنْتُمَا عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ قَالَ فَغَلَبَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ عَلَيْهَا فَكَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ حَتَّى وَلِيَ يَعْنِي بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَبَضُوهَا  

While I was at home, the sun rose high and it got hot. Suddenly the messenger of ʿUmar bin Al- Khattab came to me and said, "The chief of the believers has sent for you." So, I went along with him till I entered the place where ʿUmar was sitting on a bedstead made of date-palm leaves and covered with no mattress, and he was leaning over a leather pillow. I greeted him and sat down. He said, "O Mali! Some persons of your people who have families came to me and I have ordered that a gift should be given to them, so take it and distribute it among them." I said, "O chief of the believers! I wish that you order someone else to do it." He said, "O man! Take it." While I was sitting there with him, his doorman Yarfa' came saying, "ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf, Az-Zubair and Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas are asking your permission (to see you); may I admit them?" ʿUmar said, "Yes", So they were admitted and they came in, greeted him, and sat down. After a while Yarfa' came again and said, "May I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?" ʿUmar said, "yes." So, they were admitted and they came in and greeted (him) and sat down. Then ʿAbbas said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between me and this (i.e. ʿAli)." They had a dispute regarding the property of Bani An-Nadir which Allah had given to His Apostle as Fai. The group (i.e. ʿUthman and his companions) said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between them and relieve both of them front each other." ʿUmar said, "Be patient! I beseech you by Allah by Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exist, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (i.e. prophets') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is Sadaqa (to be used for charity),' and Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself (by saying "we'')?" The group said, "He said so." ʿUmar then turned to ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you by Allah, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said so?" They replied, " He said so." ʿUmar then said, "So, I will talk to you about this matter. Allah bestowed on His Apostle with a special favor of something of this Fai (booty) which he gave to nobody else." ʿUmar then recited the Holy Verses: "What Allah bestowed as (Fai) Booty on his Apostle (Muhammad) from them --- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: But Allah gives power to His Apostles over whomever He will 'And Allah is able to do all things." 9:6) ʿUmar added "So this property was especially given to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but, by Allah, neither did he take possession of it and leave your, nor did he favor himself with it to your exclusion, but he gave it to all of you and distributed it amongst you till this property remained out of it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend the yearly expenses of his family out of this property and used to keep the rest of its revenue to be spent on Allah 's Cause. Allah 's Apostle kept on doing this during all his lifetime. I ask you by Allah do you know this?" They replies in the affirmative. ʿUmar then said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas. "I ask you by Allah, do you know this?" ʿUmar added, "When Allah had taken His Prophet unto Him, 'Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ so, Abu Bakr took over that property and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and Allah knows that he was true, pious and rightlyguided, and he was a follower of what was right. Then Allah took Abu Bakr unto Him and I became Abu Bakr's successor, and I kept that property in my possession for the first two years of my Caliphate, managing it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do and as Abu Bakr used to do, and Allah knows that I have been true, pious, rightly guided, and a follower of what is right. Now you both (i.e. 'Ah and ʿAbbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case; you, ʿAbbas, came to me asking for your share from your nephew's property, and this man, i.e. ʿAli, came to me asking for his wife's share from her father's property. I told you both that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (prophets') properties are not to be inherited, but what we leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity).' When I thought it right that I should hand over this property to you, I said to you, 'I am ready to hand over this property to you if you wish, on the condition that you would take Allah's Pledge and Convention that you would manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to, and as Abu Bakr used to do, and as I have done since I was in charge of it.' So, both of you said (to me), 'Hand it over to us,' and on that condition I handed it over to you. So, I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on this condition?" The group aid, "Yes." Then ʿUmar faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas saying, "I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to you on this condition?" They said, "Yes. " He said, " Do you want now to give a different decision? By Allah, by Whose Leave both the Heaven and the Earth exist, I will never give any decision other than that (I have already given). And if you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will do the job on your behalf." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3094)   

قَدْ قَدِمَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ حَضَرُوا الْمَدِينَةَ قَدْ أَمَرْتُ لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَاقْبِضْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِذَلِكَ غَيْرِي فَقَالَ اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَدْخِلْهُمْ فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا لِعَلِيٍّ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي انْصِرَافِ الَّذِي أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ اتَّئِدُوا أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ؟ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ ؓ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ اللهُ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} [الحشر 6] وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلِ مَالِ اللهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ ؓ تَذْكُرَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَبَضْتُهُ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي أَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَبِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ ؓ تَذْكُرَانِ أَنِّي فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي كِلَاكُمَا وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ فَجِئْتَنِي يَعْنِي عَبَّاسًا فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَلَمَّا بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا قُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدًا لِلَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلَانِ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَبِمَا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ فِيهِ مُنْذُ وَلِيتُهُ وَإِلَّا فَلَا تُكَلِّمَانِ فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْنَا بِذَلِكَ فَدَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ أَفَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَوَاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي فِيهِ بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهُ فَادْفَعَاهُ إِلِيَّ؛ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَا قَالَ فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ أَنَا سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَقُولُ أَرْسَلَ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ ثُمُنَهُنَّ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا أَرُدُّهُنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُنَّ أَلَا تَتَّقِينَ اللهَ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْنَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَا نُورَثُ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ نَفْسَهُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ؟ فَانْتَهَتْ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى مَا اخْتَرْتُهُنَّ وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي شَيْئًا مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ وَطَالَتْ فِيهِ خُصُومَتُهُمَا فَأَبَى عُمَرُ ؓ أَنْ يَقْسِمَهَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى أَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا عَبَّاسٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ وَحَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ كِلَاهُمَا كَانَا يَتَدَاوَلَانِهَا ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ وَهِيَ صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَقًّا  

AbulBakhtari said: I heard from a man a tradition which I liked. I said to him: Write it down for me. So he brought it clearly written to me. (It says): Al-Abbas and Ali entered upon Umar when Talhah, az-Zubayr, AbdurRahman and Sa'd were with him. They (Abbas and Ali) were disputing. Umar said to Talhah, az-Zubayr, AbdurRahman and Sa'd: Do you not know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: All the property of the Prophet ﷺ is sadaqah (alms), except what he provided for his family for their sustenance and their clothing. We are not to be inherited. They said: Yes, indeed. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend from his property on his family, and give the residue as sadaqah (alms). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then died, and AbuBakr ruled for two years. He would deal with it in the same manner as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did. He then mentioned a little from the tradition of Malik ibn Aws. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2975)   

فَأَعْجَبَنِي فَقُلْتُ اكْتُبْهُ لِي فَأَتَى بِهِ مَكْتُوبًا مُزَبَّرًا دَخَلَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ عَلَى عُمَرَ ؓ وَعِنْدَهُ طَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَسَعْدٌ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ ؓ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِطَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَسَعْدٍ ؓ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ كُلُّ مَالِ النَّبِيِّ صَدَقَةٌ إِلَّا مَا أَطْعَمَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَكَسَاهُمْ إِنَّا لَا نُورَثُ ؟ قَالُوا بَلَى قَالَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ مِنْ مَالِهِ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِفَضْلِهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ سَنَتَيْنِ فَكَانَ يَصْنَعُ الَّذِي كَانَ يَصْنَعُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرْزُوقٍ وَلَيْسَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ  

[Machine] That Fatima and Al-Abbas went to seek their inheritance from Abu Bakr from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, while they were seeking their land from Fidak and their share from Khaybar. So Abu Bakr said to them, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'We, prophets, do not leave behind any inheritance. Whatever we leave behind is charity, and only the family of Muhammad eats from this wealth.' By Allah, I will not leave anything that I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ do, except that I will do it." Fatima became angry and boycotted him, and she did not speak to him until she died. Ali buried her at night, and Abu Bakr did not announce her funeral prayer. Aisha said, "Ali had a special place in Fatima's life. When Fatima died, people turned away from him. Ma'mar asked Az-Zuhri, 'How long did Fatima live after the Prophet ﷺ?' He said, 'Six months.' Then a man said to Az-Zuhri, 'Did Ali not swear allegiance to Abu Bakr until Fatima died?' He replied, 'No, and none of the Banu Hashim did.'"  

أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسَ ؓ أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَهُ مِنْ فَدَكٍ وَسَهْمَهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ؛ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَا أَدَعُ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَصْنَعُهُ بَعْدُ إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ قَالَ فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ وَهَجَرَتْهُ فَلَمْ تُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ فَدَفَنَهَا عَلِيٌّ ؓ لَيْلًا وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْ بِهَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ فَكَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَجْهٌ حَيَاةَ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ انْصَرَفَ وُجُوهُ النَّاسِ عَنْهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ قُلْتُ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ كَمْ مَكَثَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ فَلَمْ يُبَايِعْهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ ؟ قَالَ وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ  

Fatimah the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent word to Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq, asking for her inheritance from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, of the faiʿ that Allah had granted to him in Madinah and Fadak, and what was left of the khurnus of Khaibar, Abu Bakr said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿWe (Prophets) are not to be inherited from and whatever we leave behind is charity. Rather the family of Muhammad may take their provision from this wealth.ʿ By Allah, I will not change any of the charity of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from how it was at the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I will do the same with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did. So Abu Bakr refused to give anything of it to Fatimah, and Fatimah was upset with Abu Bakr because of that. Abu Bakr said; By the One in Whose hand is my soul, the relatives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ are dearer to me than my own relatives. As for the dispute between me and you concerning this wealth, I did not deviate from the truth concerning them and I will not leave anything that I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ do but I will do it the way he did it. (Using translation from Aḥmad 55)   

أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَفَاطِمَةُ حِينَئِذٍ تَطْلُبُ صَدَقَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الَّتِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكٍ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمُسِ خَيْبَرَ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ؛ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ يَعْنِي مَالَ اللهِ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الْمَأْكَلِ وَإِنِّي وَاللهِ لَا أُغَيِّرُ صَدَقَاتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلَأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِيهَا فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِعَلِيٍّ ؓ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي فَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنِّي لَا آلُو فِيهَا عَنِ الْخَيْرِ وَإِنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأَتْرُكَ فِيهَا أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلَّا صَنَعْتُهُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Our (Prophets') property is not to be inherited and whatever we leave behind is charity.ʿ Fatimah got angry and kept away from Abu Bakr and she continued to do so until she died. Fatimah lived for six months after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she used to ask Abu Bakr for her share of that which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had left behind of Khaibar and Fadak, and his charitable endowments in Madinah, but Abu Bakr refused to give her that. He said: I will not stop doing something that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do; rather I will continue to do it. I am afraid that if I give up something that he did, I will go astray. As for his charitable endowment in Madinah, 'Umar gave it to 'Ali and 'Abbas, but ‘Ali took most of it. As for Khaibar and Fadak, 'Umar kept them and said: They are the charitable endowment of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and were spent on his responsibilities and on emergencies. They were to be cared for by whoever became caliph, and this remains the case until today. (Using translation from Aḥmad 25)   

أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ سَأَلَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهَا مِيرَاثَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَغَضِبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ فَهَجَرَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مُهَاجِرَةً لَهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ فَكَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ تَسْأَلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ نَصِيبَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكٍ وَصَدَقَتِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلَّا عَمِلْتُ؛ فَإِنِّي أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ فَغَلَبَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهَا وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهَا عُمَرُ وَقَالَ هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ  

[Machine] Fatimah fell ill, and Abu Bakr As-Siddiq came to visit her. He sought permission to enter, and Ali said to Fatimah, "O Fatimah, Abu Bakr seeks permission to enter upon you." She asked, "Do you like me to grant him permission?" Ali answered, "Yes." So she granted him permission, and he entered and expressed his concern for her. He said, "By Allah, I have not left the house, wealth, family, or tribe except to seek the pleasure of Allah, the pleasure of His Messenger, and your pleasure, O people of the household. And I will continue to seek your pleasure until I achieve it. This is a hadith which is good (hasan) with a authentic (sahih) chain."  

مَرِضَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ أَتَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ يَا فَاطِمَةُ هَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيْكِ فَقَالَتْ أَتُحِبُّ أَنْ آذَنَ لَهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَتْ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا يَتَرَضَّاهَا وَقَالَ وَاللهِ مَا تَرَكْتُ الدَّارَ وَالْمَالَ وَالْأَهْلَ وَالْعَشِيرَةَ إِلَّا ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاةِ اللهِ وَمَرْضَاةِ رَسُولِهِ وَمَرْضَاتِكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ ثُمَّ تَرَضَّاهَا حَتَّى رَضِيَتْ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ  

[Machine] Umar bin Abdul Aziz gathered the descendants of Marwan when he was appointed as the caliph. He said, "The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , used to have a fadak property from which he would spend and provide for the poor of the Banu Hashim, and he would marry from it. But when Fatimah asked him to give it to her, he refused, and it remained that way during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , until it passed on to Abu Bakr. He acted in it as the Prophet, ﷺ , did during his lifetime until he passed it on to Umar. He acted in it similarly to how the previous two caliphs did until it was confiscated by Marwan. Then it came into the possession of Umar bin Abdul Aziz. He said, "I have seen a matter that the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , prevented Fatimah from, and it is not my right. And I bear witness to you that I have returned it to what it was during the time of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ ." The scholar said, "Marwan only confiscated the fadak property during the days of Uthman bin Affan, and it seems that he interpreted the saying of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , 'When Allah feeds a Prophet, it is for the one who comes after him.' He was self-sufficient with his own wealth, so he gave it to his close relatives and used it to maintain ties of kinship. This interpretation is held by many knowledgeable people. Others believe that it refers to the appointing of a successor and cutting off of inheritance. Then it is to be used in the interests of the Muslims as Abu Bakr and Umar did, and as Umar bin Abdul Aziz saw fit when he returned the matter of the fadak property to its original state. Those who argue for this interpretation cite the hadith of Az-Zuhri. As for Khaybar and Fadak, Umar ibn Al-Khattab retained both of them and said, 'They are the charity of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . They belong to the rights that he has made permissible, and their affairs are to be handed over to the ruler. And they have remained in that state until now."  

جَمَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ حِينَ اسْتُخْلِفَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَدَكٌ وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا وَيَعُودُ مِنْهَا عَلَى صَغِيرِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَيُزَوِّجُ فِيهِ أَيِّمَهُمْ وَإِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ سَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهَا لَهَا فَأَبَى فَكَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي حَيَاتِهِ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ ؓ عَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَا حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ ثُمَّ أَقْطَعَهَا مَرْوَانَ ثُمَّ صَارَتْ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فَرَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا مَنَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاطِمَةَ لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ وَأَنَا أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي قَدْ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَى مَا كَانَتْ يَعْنِي عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ إِنَّمَا أُقْطِعَ مَرْوَانُ فَدَكًا فِي أَيَّامِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ؓ وَكَأَنَّهُ تَأَوَّلَ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا رُوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَطْعَمَ اللهُ نَبِيًّا طُعْمَةً فَهِيَ لِلَّذِي يَقُومُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَكَانَ مُسْتَغْنِيًا عَنْهَا بِمَالِهِ فَجَعَلَهَا لِأَقْرِبَائِهِ وَوَصَلَ بِهَا رَحِمَهُمْ وَكَذَلِكَ تَأْوِيلُهُ عِنْدَ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَذَهَبَ آخَرُونَ إِلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِذَلِكَ التَّوْلِيَةُ وَقَطْعُ جَرَيَانِ الْإِرْثِ فِيهِ ثُمَّ تُصْرَفُ فِي مَصَالِحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَمَا كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ يَفْعَلَانِ وَكَمَا رَآهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حِينَ رَدَّ الْأَمْرَ فِي فَدَكٍ إِلَى مَا كَانَ وَاحْتَجَّ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى هَذَا بِمَا رَوَيْنَا فِي حَدِيثِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكٌ فَأَمْسَكَهمَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَقَالَ هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَتْ لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِي تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى وَلِيِّ الْأَمْرِ فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْآنَ  

[Machine] Indeed, the wives of the Prophet ﷺ , when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, wanted to send Uthman ibn Affan to Abu Bakr to ask him about their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Aisha said to them, "Did not the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say that we do not inherit what we leave behind, but it is charity?" And in a narration from Al-Qa'nabi, they asked him about their rights and Aisha said to them.  

إِنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَرَدْنَ أَنْ يَبْعَثْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَيَسْأَلْنَهُ مِيرَاثَهُنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لَهُنَّ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ ؟ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ فَيَسْأَلْنَهُ حَقَّهُنَّ فَقَالَتْ لَهُنَّ عَائِشَةُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "My inheritors shall not divide a dinar from what I have left after the expenses of my wives and the livelihood of my workers, for it is charity."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي دِينَارًا مَا تَرَكْتُ بَعْدَ نَفَقَةِ نِسَائِي وَمُؤْنَةِ عَامِلِي فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ  

[Machine] Fatima went to Abu Bakr and Umar and asked for her inheritance. They responded, "We heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, 'We do not leave behind any inheritance, as what we leave behind is considered charity.'"  

فَاطِمَةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَهَا فَقَالَا سَمِعْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ  

[Machine] Why am I not among those who inherit the Prophet ﷺ? He said, "Indeed I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'We do not leave inheritance, but I provide for those who were dependent on the Prophet ﷺ and spend on those whom the Prophet ﷺ used to spend on.'" And Abu Al-Hassan Al-Muqri' informed us, I am Al-Hassan, Yusuf informed us, Abdul-Wahid ibn Ghayath informed us, Hammad ibn Salama narrated from Muhammad ibn Amr, from Abu Salama, that Fatima mentioned the Hadith in a similar manner and did not mention Abu Huraira.  

لِي لَا أَرِثُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ؟ قَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّا لَا نُورَثُ وَلَكِنِّي أَعُولُ مَنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعُولُهُ وَأُنْفِقُ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ 12742 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ أنا الْحَسَنُ ثنا يُوسُفُ ثنا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ  

[Machine] "No prophet inherits," said the Prophet ﷺ, and Abu Al-Abbas said in another context, "Indeed, we do not inherit."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ لَا يُورَثُ وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ إِنَّا لَا نُورَثُ  

[Machine] Zaid bin Ali bin Al-Hussein bin Ali said: "As for me, if I were in the place of Abu Bakr, I would have ruled the same as he ruled regarding Fadak."  

قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَوْ كُنْتُ مَكَانَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ لَحَكَمْتُ بِمِثْلِ مَا حَكَمَ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فِي فَدَكٍ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said to me, "When the wealth of Bahrain comes, I will give you this and this and this." He said this, but the wealth of Bahrain did not come until the Prophet ﷺ passed away. Then the wealth of Bahrain arrived, and Abu Bakr said, "Whoever has a debt or a promise with the Prophet ﷺ should come forward." So I went to Abu Bakr and said to him, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ promised me that when the wealth of Bahrain arrives, he will give me this and this and this," meaning three amounts. He said, "Take it." So I took it, and he said, "Count it." So I counted it, and it was five hundred (units). He said, "Take it twice as much." Ibn Al-Munkadir added, "I went to him (meaning Abu Bakr) once and asked him, but he did not give me. Then I went to him a second time and asked him, but he did not give me. So I said, 'I have asked you twice and you have not given me. Either you give me or you hoard.' He said, 'Whenever you come to me, I want to give you. What disease is worse than hoarding?' Isaac (one of the narrators) said, 'Sufyan or someone similar informed me in this way.'"  

قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا قَدِمَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا قَالَ فَلَمْ يَقْدَمْ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَتَّى قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قُدِمَ بِمَالِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ مَنْ لَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دَيْنٌ أَوْ عِدَةٌ؟ فَلْيَقُمْ فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَدَنِي إِذَا قَدِمَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا يَعْنِي ثَلَاثَ حَثَيَاتٍ قَالَ فَخُذْ فَحَثَوْتُ فَقَالَ عُدَّهَا فَإِذَا هِيَ خَمْسُمِائَةٍ قَالَ فَخُذْ بِعَدَدِهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ زَادَ فِيهِ ابْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ قَالَ أَتَيْتُهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ مَرَّةً فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِي ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ الثَّانِيَةَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَلَمْ يُعْطِنِي فَقُلْتُ قَدْ سَأَلْتُكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَلَمْ تُعْطِنِي فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُعْطِيَنِي وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُبَخَّلَ قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي مَرَّةً إِلَّا وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُعْطِيَكَ فَأِيُّ دَاءٍ أَدْوَأُ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ؟ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنِي سُفْيَانُ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ  

[Machine] "O successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, are you the inheritor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or his family?" He said, "No, rather his family." She said, "Then what about the fifth [portion of the spoils of war]?" He said, "Indeed, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'When Allah feeds a prophet a meal and then he passes away, it becomes for the one who comes after him.' So when I assumed leadership, I felt that I should return it to the Muslims." She said, "You and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ know best." Then she went back.  

يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْتَ وَرِثْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَمْ أَهْلُهُ؟ قَالَ لَا بَلْ أَهْلُهُ قَالَتْ فَمَا بَالُ الْخُمُسِ؟ فقَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِذَا أَطْعَمَ اللهُ نَبِيًّا طُعْمَةً ثُمَّ قَبَضَهُ كَانَتْ لِلَّذِي يَلِي بَعْدَهُ فَلَمَّا وَلِيتُ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَتْ أَنْتَ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْلَمُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ  

[Machine] The Prophet took a portion of the spoils of war from a camel's side on the day of Hunayn and said, "O people, it is not permissible for me to take from what Allah has bestowed upon you the size of this except for one-fifth. And one-fifth is to be returned to you. By Allah, I know how it is to be returned in your best interests."  

أَخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ وَبَرَةً مِنْ جَنْبِ بَعِيرٍ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ لِي مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ قَدْرَ هَذِهِ إِلَّا الْخُمُسُ وَالْخُمُسُ مَرْدُودٌ عَلَيْكُمْ يَعْنِي وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ مَرْدُودٌ فِي مَصَالِحِكُمْ  

[Machine] A delegation from the tribe of Abd al-Qays came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, there is a valley between us and you, which is inhabited by the tribe of Mudar. We can only reach you during the sacred month or in the month of Rajab. So, tell us something that we can hold onto and convey to those behind us from our people." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I command you to bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, establish prayer, give zakah, and give one-fifth of the war booty as a share of Allah and the Prophet's portion. I also forbid you from four things: Al-Dubba', Al-Hantam, Al-Muzaffat, and Al-Naqeer." Abu Hilal al-Rasibi mentioned the prohibition of Al-Safiyya among them.  

قَدِمَ وَفْدُ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكَ هَذَا الْحِيُّ مِنْ مُضَرَ وَإِنَّا لَا نَصِلُ إِلَيْكَ إِلَّا فِي الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ أَوْ قَالَ فِي رَجَبٍ فَمُرْنَا بِأَمْرٍ نَأْخُذُ بِهِ وَنَدْعُو إِلَيْهِ مَنْ وَرَاءَنَا مِنْ قَوْمِنَا قَالَ آمُرُكُمْ بِأَرْبَعٍ وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ آمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَه إِلَّا اللهُ وَتُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَتُعْطُوا مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ سَهْمَ اللهِ ﷻ وَالصَّفِيَّ وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَنِ الدُّبَّاءِ وَالْحَنْتَمِ وَالْمُزَفَّتِ وَالنَّقِيرِ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَبُو هِلَالٍ الرَّاسِبِيُّ بِذِكْرِ الصَّفِيِّ فِيهِ  

[Machine] We were sitting in the mirbad and I appeared to be the youngest among the people. Then, a man from the Bedouins came to us, and when we saw him, we said, "It seems that this man is not from the people of this town." He said, "Yes, and he has a book wrapped in a piece of red leather or perhaps he said a piece of cloth." He said, "This is a book that was written for me by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . It has the phrase 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful' in it, and it is from Muhammad the Prophet to the sons of Zuhayr bin Uqaysh, and they are still alive from the tribe of Ukl. Verily, if you establish the prayer, give the Zakat, separate from the polytheists, give one fifth of the booty, and then give the Prophet his portion and Safiyah her portion, and perhaps he said that he gave them their portion, then you are safe in the protection of Allah and the protection of His Messenger." They said, "Come, tell us what you have heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." He leaned against a sheet and took it, then he hurried away, and said, "Don't you see that you fear that I will lie about the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ? By Allah, I will not tell you a narration today."  

كُنَّا بِالْمِرْبَدِ جُلُوسًا وَأُرَانِي أَحْدَثَ الْقَوْمِ أَوْ مِنْ أَحْدَثِهِمْ سِنًّا قَالَ فَأَتَى عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ قُلْنَا كَأَنَّ هَذَا رَجُلٌ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ؟ قَالَ أَجَلْ فَإِذَا مَعَهُ كِتَابٌ فِي قِطْعَةِ أَدَمٍ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ فِي قِطْعَةِ جِرَابٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَهُ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَإِذَا فِيهِ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ لِبَنِي زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أُقَيْشٍ وَهُمْ حَيٌّ مِنْ عُكْلٍ إِنَّكُمْ إِنْ أَقَمْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَيْتُمُ الزَّكَاةَ وَفَارَقْتُمُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَعْطَيْتُمُ الْخُمُسَ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ ثُمَّ سَهْمَ النَّبِيِّ وَالصَّفِيِّ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ صَفِيَّةً فَأَنْتُمْ آمِنُونَ بِأَمَانِ اللهِ وَأَمَانِ رَسُولِهِ قَالُوا هَاتِ حَدِّثْنَا أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ بِمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ صَوْمُ شَهْرِ الصَّبْرِ وَثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ تُذْهِبُ كَثِيرًا مِنْ وَحَرِ الصَّدْرِ قَالَ قُرَّةُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَغْرِ الصَّدْرِ؟ فَقَالَ وَحَرِ الصَّدْرِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يُحَدِّثُ بِهِ؟ فَأَهْوَى إِلَى صَحِيفَةٍ فَأَخَذَهَا ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ مُسْرِعًا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا أَرَاكُمْ تَخَافُونَ أَنْ أَكْذِبَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ لَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ حَدِيثًا الْيَوْمَ  

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ acquired his sword Dhulfiqar, from the spoils of war on the Day of badr. (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2808)   

تَنَفَّلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَيْفَهُ ذَا الْفَقَارِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ  

‘Amir Al Sha’bi said “The Prophet ﷺ had a special portion in the booty called safi. This would be a slave if he desired or a slave girl if he desired or a horse if he desired. He would choose it before taking out the fifth.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2991)   

كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ سَهْمٌ يُدْعَى سَهْمَ الصَّفِيِّ إِنْ شَاءَ عَبْدًا وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمَةً وَإِنْ شَاءَ فَرَسًا يَخْتَارُهُ قَبْلَ الْخُمُسِ  

Ibn ‘Awn said “I asked Muhammad about the portion of the prophet ﷺ and safi. He replied “A portion was taken for him along with the Muslims, even if he did not attend (the battle) and safi (special portion) was taken from the fifth before everything.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2992)   

عَنْ سَهْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَالصَّفِيِّ قَالَ كَانَ يُضْرَبُ لَهُ بِسَهْمٍ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ وَالصَّفِيُّ يُؤْخَذُ لَهُ رَأْسٌ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ قَبْلَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ  

Qatadah said “When the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ participated in battle there was for him a special portion which he took from where he desired. Safiyyah was from that portion. But when he did not participate himself in his battle, a portion was taken out for him, but he had no choice.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2993)   

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا غَزَا كَانَ لَهُ سَهْمٌ صَافٍ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ شَاءَ فَكَانَتْ صَفِيَّةُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ السَّهْمِ وَكَانَ إِذَا لَمْ يَغْزُ بِنَفْسِهِ ضُرِبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ وَلَمْ يَخْتَرْ  

A’ishah said “Safiyyah was called after the word safi (a special portion of the Prophet).” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2994)   

كَانَتْ صَفِيَّةُ مِنَ الصَّفِيِّ  

The Prophet ﷺ said to Abu Talha, "Choose one of your boy servants to serve me in my expedition to Khaibar." So, Abu Talha took me letting me ride behind him while I was a boy nearing the age of puberty. I used to serve Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he stopped to rest. I heard him saying repeatedly, "O Allah! I seek refuge with You from distress and sorrow, from helplessness and laziness, from miserliness and cowardice, from being heavily in debt and from being overcome by men." Then we reached Khaibar; and when Allah enabled him to conquer the Fort (of Khaibar), the beauty of Safiya bint Huyai bin Akhtab was described to him. Her husband had been killed while she was a bride. So Messenger of Allah ﷺ selected her for himself and took her along with him till we reached a place called Saʿd-AsSahba,' where her menses were over and he took her for his wife. Haris (a kind of dish) was served on a small leather sheet. Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ told me to call those who were around me. So, that was the marriage banquet of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Safiya. Then we left for Medina. I saw Allah's Apostle folding a cloak round the hump of the camel so as to make a wide space for Safiya (to sit on behind him) He sat beside his camel letting his knees for Safiya to put her feet on so as to mount the camel. Then, we proceeded till we approached Medina; he looked at Uhud (mountain) and said, "This is a mountain which loves us and is loved by us." Then he looked at Medina and said, "O Allah! I make the area between its (i.e. Medina's) two mountains a sanctuary as Abraham made Mecca a sanctuary. O Allah! Bless them (i.e. the people of Medina) in their Mudd and Sa (i.e. measures). (Using translation from Bukhārī 2893)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِأَبِي طَلْحَةَ ؓ الْتَمِسْ غُلَامًا مِنْ غِلْمَانِكُمْ يَخْدُمُنِي حَتَّى أَخْرُجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ فَخَرَجَ بِي أَبُو طَلْحَةَ مُرْدِفِي وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ رَاهَقْتُ الْحُلُمَ فَكُنْتُ أَخْدُمُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا نَزَلَ فَكُنْتُ أَسْمَعُهُ كَثِيرًا يَقُولُ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ وَالْعَجْزِ وَالْكَسَلِ وَالْبُخْلِ وَالْجُبْنِ وَضَلَعِ الدَّيْنِ وَغَلَبَةِ الرِّجَالِ ثُمَّ قَدِمْنَا خَيْبَرَ فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْحِصْنَ ذُكِرَ لَهُ جَمَالُ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيِيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ وَقَدْ قُتِلَ زَوْجُهَا وَكَانَتْ عَرُوسًا فَاصْطَفَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِنَفْسِهِ فَخَرَجَ بِهَا حَتَّى بَلَغْنَا سَدَّ الصَّهْبَاءِ حَلَّتْ فَبَنَى بِهَا ثُمَّ صَنَعَ حَيْسًا فِي نِطَعٍ صَغِيرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَئْذِنْ مَنْ حَوْلَكَ فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ وَلِيمَةَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيٍّ ثُمَّ خَرَجْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يُحَوِّي لَهَا وَرَاءَهُ بِعَبَاءٍ ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ عِنْدَ بَعِيرِهِ فَيَضَعُ رُكْبَتَهُ فَتَضَعُ صَفِيَّةُ رِجْلَهَا عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ حَتَّى تَرْكَبَ فَسِرْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا أَشْرَفْنَا عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ نَظَرَ إِلَى أُحُدٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنَا وَنُحِبُّهُ ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحَرِّمُ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا مِثْلَ مَا حَرَّمَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مَكَّةَ اللهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي مُدِّهِمْ وَصَاعِهِمْ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ قُتَيْبَةَ  

[Machine] A beautiful slave girl named Dihyah was put up for sale. It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, a beautiful slave girl named Dihyah has been put up for sale." He said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then bought her for seven uqiyas, and he then gave her to Umm Sulaym to serve and prepare her." He said, "I consider her to be so-and-so." He said, "She became modest in her house, and she was Safiyyah bint Huyayy."  

وَقَعَ فِي سَهْمِ دِحْيَةَ جَارِيَةٌ فَقِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ وَقَعَتْ فِي سَهْمِ دِحْيَةَ جَارِيَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ قَالَ فَاشْتَرَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسَبْعَةِ أَرْؤُسٍ ثُمَّ دَفَعَهَا إِلَى أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ تَصْنَعُهَا وَتُهَيِّئُهَا قَالَ وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ تَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَهِيَ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَيٍّ  

[Machine] And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ continued until he exited from a narrow pass called As-Saffraa and exited to a sandy area called Sayr, at a distance of a night's journey from Badr or more. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ distributed the spoils among the Muslims on that sandy area. Ash-Shafi'i said, "Whoever is around Sayr and its people are idolaters." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ also distributed the wealth of Banu Mustaliq and their prisoners in the same place where it was seized, before he departed from it, and everything around it was land of polytheism. And most of what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his commanders distributed was from the land of the enemy.  

وَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ مَضِيقٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الصَّفْرَاءُ خَرَجَ مِنْهُ إِلَى كَثِيبٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ سَيْرٌ عَلَى مَسِيرَةِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ بَدْرٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّفْلَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْكَثِيبِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَمَنْ حَوْلَ سَيْرٍ وَأَهْلُهُ مُشْرِكُونَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَسَبْيَهُمْ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي غَنِمَهَا فِيهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلَ عَنْهُ وَمَا حَوْلَهُ كُلُّهُ بِلَادُ شِرْكٍ وَأَكْثَرُ مَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأُمَرَاءُ سَرَايَاهُ مَا غَنِمُوا بِبِلَادِ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out on the day of Badr along with three hundred and fifteen (men). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: O Allah, they are on foot, provide mount for them; O Allah , they are naked, clothe them; O Allah, they are hungry, provide food for them. Allah then bestowed victory on them. They returned when they were clothed. There was no man of them but he returned with one or two camels; they were clothed and ate to their fill. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2747)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ حُفَاةٌ فَاحْمِلْهُمُ اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ عُرَاةٌ فَاكْسُهُمُ اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ جِيَاعٌ فَأَشْبِعْهُمْ فَفَتَحَ اللهُ لَهُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَانْقَلَبُوا حِينَ انْقَلَبُوا وَمَا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا قَدْ رَجَعَ بِجَمَلٍ أَوْ جَمَلَيْنِ وَاكْتَسَوْا وَشَبِعُوا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ قَدْ أَعَادَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ فِي كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ وَنَحْنُ نَذْكُرُهَا بِتَمَامِهَا فِي مَوْضِعِهَا مِنْ كِتَابِ السِّيَرِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى  

While I was standing in the row on the day (of the battle) of Badr, I looked to my right and my left and saw two young Ansari boys, and I wished I had been stronger than they. One of them called my attention saying, "O Uncle! Do you know Abu Jahl?" I said, "Yes, What do you want from him, O my nephew?" He said, "I have been informed that he abuses Messenger of Allah ﷺ. By Him in Whose Hands my life is, if I should see him, then my body will not leave his body till either of us meet his fate." I was astonished at that talk. Then the other boy called my attention saying the same as the other had said. After a while I saw Abu Jahl walking amongst the people. I said (to the boys), "Look! This is the man you asked me about." So, both of them attacked him with their swords and struck him to death and returned to Allah'S Apostle to inform him of that. Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Which of you has killed him?" Each of them said, "I Have killed him." Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Have you cleaned your swords?" They said, "No. " He then looked at their swords and said, "No doubt, you both have killed him and the spoils of the deceased will be given to Muʿadh bin ʿAmr bin Al-Jamuh." The two boys were Muʿadh bin 'Afra and Muʿadh bin ʿAmr bin Al-Jamuh. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3141)   

وَعَنْ شِمَالِي فَإِذَا أَنَا بَيْنَ غُلَامَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَدِيثَةٌ أَسْنَانُهُمْ تَمَنَّيْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ بَيْنَ أَضْلَعَ مِنْهُمَا فَغَمَزَنِي أَحَدُهُمَا فَقَالَ يَا عَمَّاهُ هَلْ تَعْرِفُ أَبَا جَهْلٍ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ وَمَا حَاجَتُكَ إِلَيْهِ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي؟ قَالَ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّهُ يَسُبُّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَئِنْ رَأَيْتُهُ لَا يُفَارِقُ سَوَادِي سَوَادَهُ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ الْأَعْجَلُ مِنَّا وَتَعَجَّبْتُ لِذَلِكَ فَغَمَزَنِي الْآخَرُ فَقَالَ لِي مِثْلَهَا فَلَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنْ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَهْلٍ يَدُورُ فِي النَّاسِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمَا أَلَا إِنَّ هَذَا صَاحِبُكُمَا الَّذِي تَسْأَلَانِ عَنْهُ فَابْتَدَرَاهُ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا فَضَرَبَاهُ حَتَّى قَتَلَاهُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَاهُ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمَا قَتَلَهُ؟ فَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا أَنَا قَتَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ هَلْ مَسَحْتُمَا سَيْفَيْكُمَا؟ قَالَا لَا فَنَظَرَ فِي السَّيْفَيْنِ فَقَالَ كِلَاكُمَا قَتَلَهُ وَقَضَى بِسَلَبِهِ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ وَكَانَا مُعَاذَ ابْنَ عَفْرَاءَ وَمُعَاذَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ 12760 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ قَالَا ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ الْمَاجِشُونِ فَذَكَرَهُ  

Abu Qatadah said “We went out with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ in the year of Hunain. And when the armies met, the Muslims suffered a reverse. I saw one of the polytheists prevailing over a Muslim, so I went round him till I came to him from behind and struck him with my sword at the vein between his neck and shoulder. He came towards me and closed with me, so that I felt death was near, but he was overtaken by death and let me go. I then caught upon on “Umar bin Al Khattab and said to him “What is the matter with the people?” He said “It is what Allaah has commanded. Then the people returned and the Apostle of Allaah ﷺsat down and said “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He said again “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He then said the same for the third time. I then stood up. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “What is the matter with you, Abu Qatadah? I told him the story. A man from the people said “He has spoken the truth, and I have this spoil with me, so make him agreeable (to take something in exchange). Abu Bakr said “In that case I swear by Allaah that he must not do so. One of the Allaah’s heroes does not fight for Allaah and his Apostle and then give you his spoil. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “He has spoken the truth, hand it over to him. Abu Qatadah said “he handed it over to me, I sold the coat of mail and brought a garden among Banu Salamh. This was the first property I acquired in the Islamic period. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2717)   

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ ضَرْبَةً فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ وَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ أَمْرُ اللهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ فَقَالَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ فَقَالَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَقُمْتُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ؟ فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَاهَا اللهِ إِذًا لَا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَدَقَ؛ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَأَعْطَنِيهِ فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الْمَخْرَفُ النَّخْلُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ