[Machine] On the day of Hunayn, the Hawazin tribe came with their women, children, camels, and sheep, and they formed rows. They outnumbered the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the Muslims and the polytheists met. The Muslims turned their backs, as Allah had foretold. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O servants of Allah, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger. O Ansar, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger." Allah gave victory to the Muslims without any swords or spears being used. The Prophet ﷺ said on that day, "Whoever kills a disbeliever shall have his spoils." Abu Talha killed twenty men that day and took their spoils. Abu Qatadah said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , "O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man with a neck chain and he had a shield. I wanted to take his spoils but someone else claimed it. Please give it to me." A man said, "I took it from him, so it belongs to me. Give it to me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained silent. He never refused anyone who asked him for something or remained silent when asked a question. Umar said, "By Allah, Allah will never give it to you over a lion from among His lions and give it to you." The Prophet ﷺ laughed and said, "Umar is right." Abu Talha met Umm Sulaim and she had a dagger with her. He asked her, "What is this with you?" She said, "If any of the polytheists approach me, I will stab him." Abu Talha informed the Prophet ﷺ about what Umm Sulaim said. Umm Sulaim said, "O Messenger of Allah, kill the free ones after us." The Prophet ﷺ said, "O Umm Sulaim, Allah has sufficed and done well." This is the last narration in the story of Umm Sulaim, and it is authentic according to its conditions.  

أَنَّ هَوَازِنَ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ فَجَعَلُوهُمْ صُفُوفًا؛ يُكْثِرُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَالْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فَوَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عِبَادَ اللهِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ فَهَزَمَ اللهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَمْ يُضْرَبْ بِسَيْفٍ وَلَمْ يُطْعَنْ بِرُمْحٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَأَخَذَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا فَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي قَدْ ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ عَجِلْتُ عَنْهُ أَنْ آخُذَ سَلَبَهُ فَانْظُرْ مَعَ مَنْ فَأَعْطِنِيهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا وَأَعْطِنِيهَا فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَاللهِ لَا يُفِيئُهَا اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَا فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَالَ صَدَقَ عُمَرُ وَلَقِيَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ وَمَعَهَا خِنْجَرٌ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ مَا هَذَا مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ إِنْ دَنَا مِنِّي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَبْعَجُ بَطْنَهُ فَأَخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اقْتُلْ مَنْ بَعْدَنَا الطُّلَقَاءَ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ كَفَى وَأَحْسَنَ أَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ آخِرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي قِصَّةِ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِهِ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Whoever kills, the spoils are his.’” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2838)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ  

Ibn Salamah bin Al Akwa’ repoted on the authority of his father. A spy of the polytheists came to the Prophet ﷺ when he was on a journey. He sat near his Companions and then slipped away. The Prophet ﷺ said “look for him and kill him”. He said “I raced to him and killed him. I took his belongings which he (the Prophet) gave me. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2653)   

أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَيْنٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَهُوَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَجَلَسَ فَتَحَدَّثَ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِهِ ثُمَّ انْسَلَّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اطْلُبُوهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ قَالَ فَسَبَقْتُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلْتُهُ وَأَخَذْتُ سَلَبَهُ زَادَ الْبِرْتِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ فَنَفَّلَنِي إِيَّاهُ  

[Machine] We accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the Hawazin expedition. While we were sacrificing our camels, most of us were on foot except for a few who were weak. Then a man entered riding a red camel and forcefully took a portion of the Prophet's camel's right flank. He tied his camel with it and went towards the people. When he saw their weakness, he released it and rode it. Then he galloped away and a man from the Muslims followed him on a swift female camel from among the ones the people had left behind. I prepared for battle and caught up with him. The head of the camel was next to the flank of the Prophet's camel. I proceeded until I grabbed the reins of the man's camel and made it kneel down. When its knee touched the ground, I unsheathed my sword and struck his neck, severing his head. Then I brought his mount while it was still alive and untied, and I led it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ approached me, facing the people, and asked, "Who killed the man?" They said, "Ibn Al-Akwa". The Prophet said to him, "All of the participants in the spoils agree on it."  

غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ هَوَازِنَ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ نَتَضَحَّى عَامَّتُنَا مُشَاةٌ فِينَا ضَعْفٌ إِذْ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ أَحْمَرَ فَانْتَزَعَ طَلَقًا مِنْ حَقْوِ الْبَعِيرِ؛ فَقَيَّدَ بِهِ جَمَلَهُ ثُمَّ مَالَ إِلَى الْقَوْمِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ضَعْفَهُمْ أَطْلَقَهُ ثُمَّ أَنَاخَهُ فَقَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَرْكُضُ وَاتَّبَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ وَرْقَاءَ مِنْ ظَهْرِ الْقَوْمِ فَخَرَجْتُ أَعْدُو فَأَدْرَكْتُهُ وَرَأْسُ النَّاقَةِ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ الْبَعِيرِ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ فَأَنَخْتُهُ فَلَمَّا صَارَتْ رُكْبَتُهُ بِالْأَرْضِ اخْتَرَطْتُ سَيْفِي فَأَضْرِبُهُ فَنَدَرَ رَأْسُهُ فَجِئْتُ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ وَمَا عَلَيْهَا أَقُودُهُ وَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي النَّاسِ مُقْبِلًا فَقَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ؟ قَالُوا ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ قَالَ لَهُ السَّلَبُ أَجْمَعُ  

[Machine] We encountered the enemy with the messenger of Allah ﷺ , so I stabbed a man and killed him. The messenger of Allah ﷺ dismounted me and took his spoils. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub Al-Hafiz informed us, Ahmed ibn Hamdoon Al-A' mash from his ancient origin narrated to us from Abu Sa'id Al-Ashajj, from Abu Khalid Al-Ahmar mentioned him. And this narration is strange with this isnad (chain of transmission), and it has been narrated from another weak source.  

لَقِينَا الْعَدُوَّ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَطَعَنْتُ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَنَفَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَلَبَهُ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ الْحَافِظُ حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَمْدُونَ الْأَعْمَشُ مِنْ أَصْلِهِ الْعَتِيقِ ثنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ ثنا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرُ فَذَكَرَهُ وَهَذَا غَرِيبٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ  

[Machine] I went out during the time of the Prophet ﷺ in a battle. We encountered the enemy and I targeted a man, stabbing and killing him. I took his belongings and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ praised me for it.  

خَرَجْتُ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةٍ فَلَقِينَا الْعَدُوَّ فَشَدَدْتُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَطَعَنْتُهُ فَقَطَرْتُهُ وَأَخَذْتُ سَلَبَهُ فَنَفَّلَنِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] On the day of Uhud, why don't we come and supplicate to Allah?" So they secluded themselves in a certain place and Sa'd called upon Allah, saying, "O Lord, if we face the enemy tomorrow, teach me a man with intense strength and powerful combat skills. I will fight him for Your sake, and he will fight me, then grant me victory over him until I kill him and take his spoils. Then Abdullah ibn Jash said "amen". Afterward, he said, "O Allah, grant me a man tomorrow with intense strength and powerful combat skills. I will fight him for Your sake, and he will fight me, then grab me and break my nose. And when I meet You tomorrow, I will ask, 'O Abdullah, what makes your nose and ears broken?' And I will respond, 'For Your sake and for Your Messenger's sake.' And You will say, 'You have spoken the truth.'"

Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas said, "O son of Abu Quhafa, the supplication of Abdullah ibn Jash was better than mine. I saw his nose and ears hanging on a thread at the end of the day."  

يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ أَلَا نَأْتِي نَدْعُو اللهَ فَخَلَوْا فِي نَاحِيَةٍ فَدَعَا سَعْدٌ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ إِذَا لَقِينَا الْقَوْمَ غَدًا فَلَقِّنِي رَجُلًا شَدِيدًا بَأْسُهُ شَدِيدًا حَرْدُهُ؛ فَأُقَاتِلَهُ فِيكَ وَيُقَاتِلُنِي ثُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي عَلَيْهِ الظَّفَرَ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَهُ وَآخُذَ سَلَبَهُ فَأَمَّنَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي غَدًا رَجُلًا شَدِيدًا حَرْدُهُ شَدِيدًا بَأْسُهُ أُقَاتِلُهُ فِيكَ وَيُقَاتِلُنِي ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُنِي فَيَجْدَعُ أَنْفِي فَإِذَا لَقِيتُكَ غَدًا قُلْتَ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ فِيمَ جُدِعَ أَنْفُكَ وَأُذُنُكَ؟ فَأَقُولُ فِيكَ وَفِي رَسُولِكَ ﷺ فَتَقُولُ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ يَا بُنِيَّ كَانَتْ دَعْوَةُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ خَيْرًا مِنْ دَعْوَتِي لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ آخِرَ النَّهَارِ وَإِنَّ أُذُنَهُ وَأَنْفَهُ لَمُعَلَّقَانِ فِي خَيْطٍ  

[Machine] He heard Hattib ibn Abu Balta'ah saying that he went out with the Prophet ﷺ during the Battle of Uhud and the battle was intense. Ali ibn Abi Talib had a shield with water in his hand, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ washed his face with that water. Hattib asked him who did this to you? The Prophet replied it was 'Utbah ibn Abi Waqqas, who hit my face and broke my cheekbone with a stone. I heard someone shouting that Muhammad had been killed on the mountain, so I came and my spirit had already left me. I asked where Utbah had gone, so he pointed to where he went. I pursued him until I caught up with him and struck him with my sword, and his head fell. I took his head, his armor, and his horse, and I came to the Prophet ﷺ . He accepted what I brought and prayed for me, saying "May Allah be pleased with you."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ حَاطِبَ بْنَ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ يَقُولُ إِنَّهُ طَلَعَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أُحُدٍ وَهُوَ يَشْتَدُّ وَفِي يَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ التُّرْسُ فِيهِ مَاءٌ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَغْسِلُ وَجْهَهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ فَقَالَ لَهُ حَاطِبٌ مَنْ فَعَلَ بِكَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ هَشَّمَ وَجْهِيَ وَدَقَّ رَبَاعِيَتِي بِحَجَرٍ رَمَانِي قُلْتُ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ صَائِحًا يَصِيحُ عَلَى الْجَبَلِ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَأَتَيْتُ وَكَانَ قَدْ ذَهَبَ رُوحِي قُلْتُ أَيْنَ تَوَجَّهَ عُتْبَةُ؟ فَأَشَارَ إِلَى حَيْثُ تَوَجَّهَ فَمَضَيْتُ حَتَّى ظَفَرْتُ بِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَطَرَحْتُ رَأْسَهُ فَهَبَطَتْ فَأَخَذْتُ رَأْسَهُ وَسَلَبَهُ وَفَرَسَهُ وَجِئْتُ بِهَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ إِلِيَّ وَدَعَا لِي فَقَالَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْكَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْكَ  

[Machine] Some men from his people said: He recounted the story of the ditch and the killing of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Amr ibn Abd Wud, then Ali approached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a smiling face. Umar ibn Al-Khattab said: Why don't you take his shield, for there is no better shield for the Arabs than it. He replied: I struck him and he aimed his weapon at me, so I felt ashamed to take it from my cousin.  

عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ قَالُوا فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْخَنْدَقِ وَقَتْلَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ عَمْرَو بْنَ عَبْدِ وُدٍّ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ نَحْوَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَوَجْهُهُ يَتَهَلَّلُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ هَلَّا اسْتَلَبْتَ دِرْعَهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلْعَرَبِ دِرْعٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا فَقَالَ ضَرَبْتُهُ فَاتَّقَانِي بِسَوَادِهِ فَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ ابْنَ عَمِّي أَنْ أَسْتَلِبَهُ  

[Machine] Safiyyah bint Abdul-Muttalib was in the fortress of Hassan bin Thabit when the Prophet ﷺ was digging the trench. Safiyyah said, "A Jewish man passed by us and started circling the fortress. I said to Hassan, 'This Jew is circling the fortress as you can see, and I do not trust him not to expose our secrets. Descend to him and kill him.' He said, 'May Allah forgive you, O daughter of Abdul-Muttalib. By Allah, you know who I am with.' Safiyyah said, 'When he said that, I became angry and took a stick. Then I descended from the fortress to him and struck him with the stick until I killed him. Then I returned to the fortress and said to Hassan, 'Descend and take his belongings, for nothing prevented me from taking them except that he is a man.' He said, 'What need do I have for his belongings, O daughter of Abdul-Muttalib?'"

12773 Abu Abdullah informed us, Abu Al-Abbas narrated to us, Ahmad narrated to us, Yunus ibn Bukayr narrated to us, from Hisham ibn Urwah, from his father, from Safiyyah bint Abdul-Muttalib with a similar narration. And he added, "She was the first woman to kill a man from the polytheists."  

كَانَتْ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فِي حِصْنِ حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ حِينَ خَنْدَقَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ فَمَرَّ بِنَا رَجُلٌ مَنْ يَهُودَ فَجَعَلَ يُطِيفُ بِالْحِصْنِ فَقُلْتُ لِحَسَّانَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْيَهُودِيَّ يُطِيفُ بِالْحِصْنِ كَمَا تَرَى وَلَا آمَنُهُ أَنْ يَدُلَّ عَلَى عَوْرَتِنَا فَانْزِلْ إِلَيْهِ فَاقْتُلْهُ فَقَالَ يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لَكِ يَا بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ عَرَفْتِ مَا أَنَا بِصَاحِبِ هَذَا قَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ احْتَجَزْتُ وَأَخَذْتُ عَمُودًا ثُمَّ نَزَلْتُ مِنَ الْحِصْنِ إِلَيْهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالْعَمُودِ حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْحِصْنِ فَقُلْتُ يَا حَسَّانُ انْزِلْ فَاسْتَلِبْهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَمْنَعْنِي أَنْ أَسْتَلِبَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ مَا لِي بِسَلَبِهِ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ يَا بِنْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ 12773 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ثنا أَحْمَدُ ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ مِثْلَهُ وَزَادَ فِيهِ قَالَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ امْرَأَةٍ قَتَلَتْ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up and said, 'O Zubayr!' Safiyyah said, 'O Messenger of Allah, should I prepare myself as well?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Whichever of them excels over his companion should kill him.' So Zubayr killed him and the Prophet ﷺ allotted it to him. This booty was received as a gift and it is mentioned that Ibn Abbas narrated it."  

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قِمْ يَا زُبَيْرُ فَقَالَتْ صَفِيَّةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَاحِدِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّهُمَا عَلَا عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ قَتَلَهُ فَعَلَاهُ الزُّبَيْرُ فَقَتَلَهُ فَنَفَّلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَلَبَهُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا بِذِكْرِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِيهِ  

[Machine] He was wounded in the Battle of Mu'tah, meaning some Muslims were wounded and the Muslims seized some of the belongings of the polytheists. Among the spoils was a ring, which a man brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, "I killed its owner on that day, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave it to him as a gift, valuing it at 12,775 dirhams." Al-Waqidi said that Bukayr ibn Mismaar narrated to him from 'Umarah ibn Khuzaimah ibn Thaabit, who narrated from his father that he was present at Mu'tah and a man from among them confronted me on that day and I struck him and he had a white mark on him. Within it was a ruby, so my only desire was for the ruby. I took it and when I returned to Madinah, I brought it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He therefore gave it to me as a gift, valuing it at 100 dinars. I then sold it during the time of 'Uthman for 100 dinars and bought a garden with it.  

أُصِيبَ بِهَا يَعْنِي فِي غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَغَنِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَعْضَ أَمْتِعَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَكَانَ مِمَّا غَنِمُوا خَاتَمًا جَاءَ بِهِ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ قَتَلْتُ صَاحِبَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَنَفَّلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِيَّاهُ 12775 قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ وَحَدَّثَنِي بُكَيْرُ بْنُ مِسْمَارٍ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ حَضَرْتُ مُؤْتَةَ فَبَارَزَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَأَصَبْتُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ بَيْضَةٌ لَهُ فِيهَا يَاقُوتَةٌ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ هِمَّتِي إِلَّا الْيَاقُوتَةَ فَأَخَذْتُهَا فَلَمَّا رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِهَا فَنَفَّلَنِيهَا فَبِعْتُهَا زَمَنَ عُثْمَانَ ؓ بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَاشْتَرَيْتُ بِهَا حَدِيقَةً  

[Machine] Baraza 'Aqil bin Abi Talib emerged as a prominent figure on the day of Mu'tah and was killed. He displayed his sword and shield with great valor.  

بَارَزَ عَقِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ فَقَتَلَهُ فَنَفَّلَهُ سَيْفَهُ وَتُرْسَهُ  

[Machine] Aqeel, the son of Abu Talib, emerged as a prominent man on the day of the Battle of Mu'tah. The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , then gifted him with his sword and shield.  

بَارَزَ عَقِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ فَنَفَّلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَيْفَهُ وَتُرْسَهُ  

[Machine] That Ali ibn Abi Talib killed a man on the day of Mu'ta, and he found a ring on him with a red gemstone containing an image. He brought it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , who took it and looked at it. He said, "If it did not have an image in it." Then he spat on it and returned it. This indicates that this narration has a basis. Jabir, from whom Abu Khaythama narrated, is a Hanafi, and the one who narrated from him, Ibn Aqil, is Jabir ibn Abdullah. Abu Hamza narrated from Jabir Al-Ju'fi from Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Aqil, who mentioned it.  

أَنَّ عَقِيلَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ فَأَصَابَ عَلَيْهِ خَاتَمًا فِيهِ فَصٌّ أَحْمَرُ فِيهِ تِمْثَالٌ فَأَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَهُ وَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ تِمْثَالٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ نَفَّلَهُ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ فَهُوَ عِنْدَنَا هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ لَهُ أَصْلٌ وَجَابِرٌ الَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ هُوَ الْحَنَفِيُّ وَالَّذِي رَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُ عَقِيلٍ هُوَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَمْزَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ الْجُعْفِيِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] "Muhammad tasted death as my brother Mahmoud tasted it and passed by him Ali, and he struck his neck and took his belongings. They both went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning his belongings. Muhammad said, 'O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, I did not cut off his legs and leave him only to taste death. I was able to kill him.' Ali said, 'He speaks the truth, I struck his neck after cutting off his legs.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave Muhammad bin Maslamah his belongings - his sword, shield, cloak, and belt. Muhammad bin Maslamah had a sword with the family of Muhammad bin Maslamah, inside of it was a book he did not know what it was until a Jew from the people of Tayma read it, and it said, 'This is the sword of welcome. Whoever tastes it, it will be ruined.'"  

مُحَمَّدٌ ذُقِ الْمَوْتَ كَمَا ذَاقَهُ أَخِي مَحْمُودٌ وَجَاوَزَهُ فَمَرَّ بِهِ عَلِيٌّ ؓ فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ وَأَخَذَ سَلَبَهُ فَاخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَلَبِهِ فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَاللهِ مَا قَطَعْتُ رِجْلَيْهِ وَتَرَكْتُهُ إِلَّا لِيَذُوقَ الْمَوْتَ وَقَدْ كُنْتُ قَادِرًا أَنْ أُجْهِزَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ صَدَقَ ضَرَبْتُ عُنُقَهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَطَعَ رِجْلَيْهِ فَأَعْطَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَلَبَهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ سَيْفَهُ وَدِرْعَهُ وَمِغْفَرَهُ وَبَيْضَتَهُ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ آلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ سَيْفُهُ فِيهِ كِتَابٌ لَا يَدْرِي مَا هُوَ حَتَّى قَرَأَهُ يَهُودِيٌّ مَنْ يَهُودِ تَيْمَاءَ فَإِذَا فِيهِ هَذَا سَيْفُ مَرْحَبٍ مَنْ يَذُقْهُ يَعْطَبْ  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ transitioned to the valley, meaning he came out of Khaybar, a man from the Jews shouted, "Who wants to duel?" Abu Dujanah stepped forward, his head wrapped with a red band above his helmet, boasting in his walk. He struck him and severed his legs, then hit him repeatedly and took his belongings; his shield and sword. He brought them to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who supplicated for him, saying, "This is it, and by the One before whom the severed one came!" In the connected narrations, this is sufficient.  

لَمَّا تَحَوَّلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الشِّقِّ يَعْنِي مِنْ خَيْبَرَ خَرَجَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَصَاحَ مَنْ يُبَارِزُ؟ فَبَرَزَ لَهُ أَبُو دُجَانَةَ قَدْ عَصَبَ رَأْسَهُ بِعِصَابَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ فَوْقَ الْمِغْفَرِ يَخْتَالُ فِي مِشْيَتِهِ فَضَرَبَهُ فَقَطَعَ رِجْلَيْهِ ثُمَّ دَفَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَخَذَ سَلَبَهُ؛ دِرْعَهُ وَسَيْفَهَ فَجَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَفَّلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاكَ هَذَا وَالَّذِي قَبْلَهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَفِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الْمَوْصُولَةِ كِفَايَةٌ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Whoever kills, the spoils are his.’” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2838)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave judgement that the killer should have what was taken from the man he killed, and did not make this subject to division into fifths. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2721)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى فِي السَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ وَلَمْ يُخَمِّسِ السَّلَبَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled for confiscation from the killer? He said, "Yes, but I increased it." I said, "You should return it to him or I will inform the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it." He said, "We will not return it to him." I said, "Fine." So we gathered with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I narrated to him the story of Madadi and what Khalid did. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Khalid, what prompted you to do what you did?" Khalid said, "O Messenger of Allah, I increased it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Khalid, return to him what you took from him." Awf said, "I said to you, O Khalid, did I not warn you?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What happened?" So I informed him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry and said, "O Khalid, do not return it to him. Are you leaving my commanders for you, the elite of their affairs, while they face difficulties?"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ؟ قَالَ بَلَى وَلَكِنِّي اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ قُلْتُ لَتَرُدَّنَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَوْ لَأُعَرِّفَنَّكَهَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَنْ نَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ عَوْفٌ فَاجْتَمَعْنَا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ قِصَّةَ الْمَدَدِيِّ وَمَا فَعَلَ خَالِدٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا خَالِدُ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قََالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اسْتَكْثَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا خَالِد رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَخَذْتَ مِنْهُ قَالَ عَوْفٌ فَقُلْتُ دُونَكَ يَا خَالِدُ أَلَمْ أَفِ لَكَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا خَالِدُ لَا تَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ هَلْ أَنْتُمْ تَارِكُو لِي أُمَرَائِي لَكُمْ صَفْوَةُ أَمْرِهِمْ وَعَلَيْهِمْ كَدَرُهُ؟  

[Machine] "O Abu Talhah, indeed we did not divide the spoils, and the spoils of Bara'a bin Malik are a lot, and I am the fifth (in line to receive it). So make the region and the two bracelets straight, their worth is thirty thousand."  

يَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ إِنَّا كُنَّا لَا نُخَمِّسُ السَّلَبَ وَإِنَّ سَلَبَ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ مَالٌ وَأَنَا خَامِسُهُ فَقَوَّمُوا الْمِنْطَقَةَ وَالسِّوَارَيْنِ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا  

[Machine] Did Abu Talhah commit a sin? We used to encourage the man from the Muslims to seize the belongings of a man from the disbelievers if he killed him. And indeed, the belongings of innocent people had reached me and I would only take one-fifth of it. So, Muhammad was asked, "Did he take one-fifth from it?" He said, "I don't know." And it was narrated from another source from Anas that he took one-fifth of it.  

أَثَمَّ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ؟ إِنَّا كُنَّا نُنَفِّلُ الرَّجُلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ سَلَبَ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَإِنَّ سَلَبَ الْبَرَاءِ قَدْ بَلَغَ مَالًا وَلَا أَرَانِي إِلَّا خَامِسَهُ فَقِيلَ لِمُحَمَّدٍ فَخَمَّسَهُ؟ فَقَالَ لَا أَدْرِي وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّهُ خَمَّسَهُ  

[Machine] A man and another man confronted each other, and then they fought with their swords. Then Al-Bara embraced Islam and killed him with his sword. Al-Bara took his weapon and belongings and brought them to Umar. Umar took the weapon and assessed its value to be thirty thousand. He distributed one-fifth of it and said, "This is the booty." Al-Shafi'i said, "This narration is from the ways of acquiring spoils, not from our narrations." And he has a narration from Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas that contradicts it in the time of Umar.  

رَجُلٌ وَرَجُلٌ فَبَرَزَ إِلَيْهِ الْبَرَاءُ فَاخْتَلَفَا بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا ثُمَّ اعْتَنَقَا فَتَوَرَّكَهُ الْبَرَاءُ فَقَعَدَ عَلَى كَبِدِهِ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ السَّيْفَ فَذَبَحَهُ وَأَخَذَ سِلَاحَهُ وَمِنْطَقَتَهُ وَأَتَى بِهِ عُمَرَ فَنَفَّلَهُ السِّلَاحَ وَقَوَّمَ الْمِنْطَقَةَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا فَخَمَّسَهَا وَقَالَ إِنَّهَا مَالٌ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ مِنْ خَمْسِ السَّلَبَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ رِوَايَتِنَا وَلَهُ رِوَايَةٌ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ؓ فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ ؓ تُخَالِفُهَا  

[Machine] I encountered a man on the day of Al-Qadisiyyah and I killed him. His loot reached twelve thousand, so Sa'd rewarded it to me. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, Abu al-Abbas informed me, and al-Rabi' informed me, I am al-Shafi'i, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah mentioned it in a similar way. Al-Shafi'i said, "And twelve thousand is a lot. And it has been narrated from Abu Bakr al-Siddiq as well."  

بَارَزْتُ رَجُلًا يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ فَقَتَلْتُهُ فَبَلَغَ سَلَبُهُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا فَنَفَّلَنِيهِ سَعْدٌ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَخْبَرَنِي الرَّبِيعُ أنا الشَّافِعِيُّ أنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَاثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفًا كَثِيرٌ وَرُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ  

[Machine] Khuraym bin Aws bin Harithah bin Lam said, "No one was more hostile to the Arabs than Hurmuz. When we finished with Musaylimah and his companions, we headed towards Basrah and encountered Hurmuz at Kazimah in a large gathering. Khalid bin Al-Walid came forward and challenged Hurmuz to a duel, and Hurmuz accepted. Khalid killed him, and he wrote about it to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq. Abu Bakr rewarded him with the spoils, and it reached the value of one hundred thousand dirhams. The Persians used to place their saddles on a hundred thousand dirhams when they became honorable."  

قَالَ خُرَيْمُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ لَامٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ أَعْدَى لِلْعَرَبِ مِنْ هُرْمُزَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغْنَا مِنْ مُسَيْلِمَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى نَاحِيَةِ الْبَصْرَةِ فَلَقِيَنَا هُرْمُزُ بِكَاظِمَةَ فِي جَمْعٍ عَظِيمٍ فَبَرَزَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَدَعَا إِلَى الْبِرَازِ فَبَرَزَ لَهُ هُرْمُزُ فَقَتَلَهُ خَالِدٌ ؓ وَكَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ فَنَفَّلَهُ سَلَبَهُ فَبَلَغَتْ قَلَنْسُوَةُ هُرْمُزَ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَكَانَتِ الْفُرْسُ إِذَا شَرَّفُوا فِيهِمُ الرَّحُلَ جَعَلُوا قَلَنْسُوَتَهُ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ concerning the spoils of war, it indicates that it is taken from the head of the booty. Al-Shafi'i said, "If something is confirmed from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ through my father and mother, it is not permissible to leave it." He said, "And the Prophet ﷺ did not differentiate between a small amount or a large amount of spoils."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي السَّلَبِ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُخْرَجُ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْغَنِيمَةِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَإِذَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَبِي هُوَ وَأُمِّي شَيْءٌ لَمْ يَجُزْ تَرْكُهُ قَالَ وَلَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَلِيلَ السَّلَبِ وَلَا كَثِيرَهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ sent a military expedition while I was amongst them, towards Najd. They acquired many camels, and their share was twelve camels or eleven camels, and they slaughtered a camel, one after another, solely based on the narration of Yahya ibn Yahya and in the narration of Ibn Wahb and Ash-Shafi'i, it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an expedition, in which Abdullah bin Umar was a part of, and the rest were like him.  

بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً وَأَنَا فِيهِمْ قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فَغَنِمُوا إِبِلًا كَثِيرَةً وَكَانَتْ سُهْمَانُهُمُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا أَوْ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا وَنُفِّلُوا بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَحْيَى وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً فِيهَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَالْبَاقِي مِثْلُهُ  

Ibn 'Umar reported that Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an expedition to Najd and Ibn Umar was also among the troops, and their share (of the spoils) came to twelve camels and they were given one camel over and above that. and Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not make any change in it. (Using translation from Muslim 1749b)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فِيهِمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَأَنَّ سُهْمَانَهُمْ بَلَغَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا وَنُفِّلُوا سِوَى ذَلِكَ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا فَلَمْ يُغَيِّرْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army towards the direction of Najd, and I was among them. Our arrows reached twelve camels, twelve camels, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ also made a vow offering one camel for each camel. So we returned with thirteen camels, thirteen camels.  

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَيْشًا قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ كُنْتُ فِيهِمْ فَبَلَغَتْ سُهْمَانُنَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا وَنَفَّلَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا فَرَجَعْنَا بِثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا  

[Machine] Abdullah bin Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent a mission before Najd, and in that mission he sent a small group which included Abdullah bin Umar. Abdullah bin Umar reported that the arrows in that mission reached twelve camels and the companions of the group, including Abdullah bin Umar, offered animals for sacrifice in addition to that - a camel for each sacrifice. So, the companions of the group had thirteen camels, and the companions of the main mission had twelve.  

عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ بَعْثًا قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فَبَعَثَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْبَعْثِ سَرِيَّةً فِيهِمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فَحَدَّثَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَنَّ سِهَامَ الْبَعْثِ بَلَغَتِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا وَنُفِّلَ أَصْحَابُ السَّرِيَّةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا فَكَانَ لِأَصْحَابِ السَّرِيَّةِ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ وَلِأَصْحَابِ الْبَعْثِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ  

[Machine] We sent the messenger of Allah ﷺ on a military expedition and we acquired many camels. Each person took a camel, one after another. When we reached our destination, the messenger of Allah ﷺ gave us our arrows, and each of us hit twelve camels except for the camel that was lent to us. The messenger of Allah ﷺ did not blame us or the one who lent it to us. Abdah narrated this from Ibn Ishaq, who mentioned this in detail and said, "Our leader (Amir) slaughtered a camel for each individual, then he mentioned what he meant by that."  

بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَأَصَبْنَا نَعَمًا كَثِيرَةً فَأَخَذَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا أَعْطَانَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سِهَامَنَا فَأَصَابَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنَّا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا سِوَى الْبَعِيرِ الَّذِي نُفِّلَ فَمَا عَابَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَا عَلَى الَّذِي أَعْطَانَا وَرَوَاهُ عَبْدَةُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ فَنَفَّلَنَا أَمِيرُنَا بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] "He (said) that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dispatched a military expedition from his compounds to Najd. They took with them camels, which they used for transportation and as provisions, apart from their share of the spoils."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ نَفَّلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً مِنْ سَرَايَاهُ بَعَثَهَا إِلَى نَجْدٍ فَنَفَّلَهُمْ مِنْ إِبِلٍ جَاءُوا بِهَا نَفْلًا سِوَى نَصِيبِهِمْ مِنَ الْمَغْنَمِ  

[Machine] "We sent the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a military campaign, and our arrows reached a certain point. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed several voluntary prayers, and Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed me that Abu Ahmad Al-Hafiz narrated to him, that I, Abu Abbas Al-Thaqafi, narrated that Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us, that Muhammad ibn As-Salt narrated to him, that Abu Ya'la narrated to us, that Abdullah ibn Raja' mentioned it."  

بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فَبَلَغَتْ سُهْمَانُنَا كَذَا وَكَذَا وَنَفَّلَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَعِيرًا بَعِيرًا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَافِظُ أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الثَّقَفِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَجَاءٍ فَذَكَرَهُ  

Makhul said: I was the slave of a woman of Banu Hudhayl; afterwards she emancipated me. I did not leave Egypt until I had acquired all the knowledge that seemed to me to exist there. I then came to al-Hijaz and I did not leave it until I had acquired all the knowledge that seemed to be available. Then I came to al-Iraq, and I did not leave it until I had acquired all the knowledge that seemed to be available. I then came to Syria, and besieged it. I asked everyone about giving rewards from the booty. I did not find anyone who could tell me anything about it. I then met an old man called Ziyad ibn Jariyah at-Tamimi. I asked him: Have you heard anything about giving rewards from the booty? He replied: Yes. I heard Maslamah al-Fihri say: I was present with the Prophet ﷺ. He gave a quarter of the spoils on the outward journey and a third on the return journey. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2750)   

سَمِعْتُ مَكْحُولًا يَقُولُ كُنْتُ عَبْدًا بِمِصْرَ لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فَأَعْتَقَتْنِي فَمَا خَرَجْتُ مِنْ مِصْرَ وَبِهَا عِلْمٌ إِلَّا حَوَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا أَرَى ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُ الشَّامَ فَغَرْبَلْتُهَا كُلَّ ذَلِكَ أَسْأَلُ عَنِ النَّفْلِ فَلَمْ أَجِدْ أَحَدًا يُخْبِرُنِي فِيهِ بِشَيْءٍ حَتَّى لَقِيتُ شَيْخًا يُقَالُ لَهُ زِيَادُ بْنُ جَارِيَةَ التَّمِيمِيُّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ هَلْ سَمِعْتَ فِي النَّفْلِ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ سَمِعْتُ حَبِيبَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ الْفِهْرِيَّ يَقُولُ شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ الرُّبُعَ فِي الْبَدَاءَةِ وَالثُّلُثَ فِي الرَّجْعَةِ  

[Machine] I heard Habib ibn Muslimah saying, "I witnessed the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , performing the voluntary prayer of al-Thu'luth."  

سَمِعْتُ حَبِيبَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ يَقُولُ شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ  

It was narrated from ‘Ubadah bin Samit that the Prophet ﷺ awarded one quarter of the spoils to those who attacked the enemy at the beginning and one third to those who attacked at the end. (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2852)   

أَنَّهُ قَالَ نَفَّلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الْبَدَاءَةِ الرُّبُعَ وَفِي الرَّجْعَةِ الثُّلُثَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to offer voluntary prayers during one-third of the night.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to pray voluntary prayers at the beginning of the night, and when he closed them he would pray the Witr prayer.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ فِي مَبْدَئِهِ الرُّبُعَ فَلَمَّا قَفَلَ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform voluntary prayers at the beginning of his military expeditions, and when one third of the journey was completed. And Abu Al-Hasan ibn Abdan told us that Sulaiman ibn Ahmad al-Lakhmi informed us that Ibn Abi Maryam informed us, and Al-Firiyabi said, and Ad-Dayri narrated to us from Abdul Razzaq altogether from Ath-Thawri, and he mentioned it with (another) chain of narration similar to this. He added: after the fifth.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ فِي مَبْدَئِهِ فِي الْغَزَاةِ الرُّبُعَ وَإِذَا قَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ 12805 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ أنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ اللَّخْمِيُّ ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ ثنا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا الدَّيْرِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ جَمِيعًا عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ زَادَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform voluntary prayers with some of those sent from the battalions for themselves, especially the Taraaweeh prayer, apart from the obligatory prayers for the whole army and the one-fifth share from the spoils of war.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ بَعْضَ مَنْ يَبْعَثُ مِنَ السَّرَايَا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَاصَّةً النَّفْلَ سِوَى قَسْمِ عَامَّةِ الْجَيْشِ وَالْخُمُسُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَاجِبٌ كُلُّهُ  

[Machine] Sufyan narrated to us that Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz narrated to us that Abu al-Abbas al-Mahbubi from Marw narrated to us that Ahmed ibn Sayyar narrated to us that Muhammad ibn Kathir narrated to us that Sufyan narrated to us from Yazid ibn Yazid ibn Jabir al-Shami from Makhhul from Ziyad ibn Jaraya al-Tamimi from Habib ibn Muslima that he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform voluntary prayers, one-third of the night after performing the obligatory prayers. This is the wording of the hadith narrated by Muhammad ibn Kathir, and in the narration of al-Zubayri, it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform voluntary prayers, one-third of the night after performing the obligatory prayers, and then he would perform the remaining prayers.  

ثنا سُفْيَانُ ح وَأنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ بِمَرْوَ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ الشَّامِيِّ عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ جَارِيَةَ التَّمِيمِيِّ عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنَفِّلُ الثُّلُثَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ أُرَاهُ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ ثُمَّ نَفَّلَ مَا بَقِيَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform voluntary prayers after the sun has passed its zenith (in the afternoon) and before the afternoon prayer. It is believed that he said that he would perform voluntary prayers after the sun has passed its zenith and before the afternoon prayer, and in another narration by Abdullah ibn Salih, it was mentioned that he would perform voluntary prayers after the afternoon prayer and before the sun sets.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ الرُّبُعَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ فِي الثُّلُثِ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ إِذَا قَفَلَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ إِذَا فَصَلَ فِي الْغَزْوَةِ الرُّبُعَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ وَيُنَفِّلُ إِذَا قَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ  

[Machine] I found a green jar in the Emirate of Mu'awiyah in the land of the enemy. We had a man from the companions of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , from the tribe of Sulaim, called Ma'n ibn Yazid. So I brought it to him and he divided it among the people and gave me the same amount as he gave a man from among them. Then he said, "If I hadn't heard the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , say this and seen him do it, I wouldn't have given you anything." He then offered me his share, but I refused and said, "I am not more entitled to it than you are." He said, "And Ahmad ibn 'Ubayd informed us, from Al-Hasan ibn Al-Muthanna, from 'Affan, from Abu 'Awana, from 'Asim ibn Kulayb, with the same chain of narration."  

وَجَدْتُ جَرَّةً خَضْرَاءَ فِي إِمَارَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ وَعَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ مَعْنُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِهَا فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَأَعْطَانِي مِثْلَ مَا أَعْطَى رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ وَرَأَيْتُهُ يَفْعَلُهُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا نَفْلَ إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ لَأَعْطَيْتُكَ وَأَخَذَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِ فَأَبَيْتُ وَقُلْتُ مَا أَنَا بِأَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنْكَ 12810 قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ثنا عَفَّانُ ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to perform a voluntary prayer before the obligation of the fifth of the spoils of war. When the verse was revealed "And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it" [Surah Al-Anfal 41], he left the voluntary prayer that he used to perform and it became one fifth of one fifth for Allah's share and one fifth for the Prophet's share ﷺ.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ فَرِيضَةُ الْخُمُسِ فِي الْمَغْنَمِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتِ الْآيَةُ {أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ} [الأنفال 41] تَرَكَ النَّفْلَ الَّذِي كَانَ يُنَفِّلُ وَصَارَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خُمُسِ الْخُمُسِ مِنْ سَهْمِ اللهِ وَسَهْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] He heard Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib saying, "People used to give the voluntary charity from the fifth."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ كَانَ النَّاسُ يُعْطَوْنَ النَّفْلَ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ  

[Machine] I rode horses in the period of ignorance and I did not realize that people only perform voluntary acts of worship (such as giving a fifth of their income as charity).  

لَقَدْ رَكِبْتُ الْخَيْلَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَمَا أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ يُنَفِّلُونَ إِلَّا مِنَ الْخُمُسِ  

[Machine] The Prophet, ﷺ , used to perform nafl (optional) prayer when he traveled to the enemy land for war. And when he returned, he would lead the people in performing a nafl prayer of two-thirds. He disliked the distribution of war booty and would say, "Let the strong believers return it to the weak believers." It has been narrated about Sulaiman ibn Musa, from Mak'houl, from Abu Salam, who narrated it from Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz, who narrated it from Da'lj ibn Ahmad al-Sijzi, who narrated it from Abdul Aziz ibn Muawiyah, who narrated it from Mohammed ibn Jahdam, who narrated it from Ismail ibn Jafar, who narrated it from Abdul Rahman ibn Al-Harith, who narrated it from Sulaiman ibn Musa, from Mak'houl, from Abu Salam, who mentioned it through his chain of narrators, along with some of its meanings. And the hadith of Fazari is complete.  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا أَغَارَ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ نَفَّلَ الرُّبُعَ وَإِذَا أَقْبَلَ رَاجِعًا وَكَلَّ النَّاسُ نَفَّلَ الثُّلُثَ وَكَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْأَنْفَالَ وَيَقُولُ لِيَرُدَّ قَوِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى ضَعِيفِهِمْ 12815 وَقَدْ قِيلَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ حَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا دَعْلَجُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ السِّجْزِيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَهْضَمٍ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَّامٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ وَحَدِيثُ الْفَزَارِيِّ أَتَمُّ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , when he met the people at Badr, distributed among them the spoils of war. Then he mentioned the hadith about the descent of the verse and the division among them, and that had been mentioned earlier in this book. Al-Shafi'i said, "Some scholars say that when the Imam sends a secret mission or an army and he asks them before the encounter who has acquired anything, it belongs to him after the fifth. This is because they fought for it, agreed to it, and went for it based on this condition." It has been reported that the Prophet, ﷺ , said on the day of Badr, "Whoever takes something, it belongs to him," and that was before the descent of the fifth. And Allah knows best, and I have not known anything that can be established with regard to the Prophet, ﷺ , on this matter. The sheikh who narrated in this mentioned what he mentioned, and it has also been narrated from Ibn Abbas, which does not contradict it in wording.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ الْتَقَى النَّاسُ بِبَدْرٍ نَفَّلَ كُلَّ امْرِئٍ مَا أَصَابَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ وَالْقِسْمَةَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَدْ مَضَى ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِذَا بَعَثَ الْإِمَامُ سَرِيَّةً وَجَيْشًا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ قَبْلَ اللِّقَاءِ مَنْ غَنِمَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ بَعْدَ الْخُمُسِ فَذَلِكَ لَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضِ مَا شَرَطَ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ غَزَوْا وَبِهِ رَضُوا وَذَهَبُوا فِي هَذَا إِلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْخُمُسِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ شَيْئًا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِهَذَا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا مَا ذَكَرَهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا يُخَالِفُهُ فِي لَفْظِهِ  

[Machine] The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said, on the day of Badr, whoever does such and such, and comes to such and such place, then he shall have such and such reward. The young men rushed towards him, and the elders stood firmly by the standards. When they were given what was allotted to them, the young men came seeking what was assigned to them. The elders said, "Do not take it before us, for we were your protection." So Allah revealed, "{They ask you, [O Muhammad], about the bounties [of war]. Say, "The [decision concerning] bounties is for Allah and the Messenger." So fear Allah and amend that which is between you.}" [Surah Al-Anfal, verse 1]  

قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ يَعْنِي يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مَنْ فَعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَأَتَى مَكَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَتَسَارَعَ إِلَيْهِ الشُّبَّانُ وَثَبَتَ الشِّيُوخُ عِنْدَ الرَّايَاتِ فَلَمَّا فُتِحَ لَهُمْ جَاءَ الشَّبَابُ يَطْلُبُونَ مَا جَعَلَ لَهُمْ وَقَالَ الْأَشْيَاخُ لَا تَذْهَبُوا بِهِ دُونَنَا؛ فَقَدْ كُنَّا رِدْءًا لَكُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ} [الأنفال 1]  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of Badr: "Whoever kills a person, he will have such and such, and whoever takes a captive, he will have such and such." Then, he continued speaking, and this is contrary to the first in the conditionality, and we have narrated about the spoils of Badr that it happened before the revelation of the fifth, then the verse was revealed: "And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it" (Quran 8:41), so the matter was changed to that. And with Allah is the success.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَمَنْ أَسَرَ أَسِيرًا فَلَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ وَهَذَا بِخِلَافِ الْأَوَّلِ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ الشَّرْطِيَّةِ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي غَنِيمَةِ بَدْرٍ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْخُمُسِ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ {وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ} [الأنفال 41] الْآيَةَ فَصَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ