[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, he sent us in a group and mentioned the incident in which he said that the booty at that time belonged to the one who took it. Then he mentioned the incident of sending Abdullah ibn Jahsh al-Asadi as a leader, who was the first commander appointed in Islam. This indicates that it happened before the revelation of the verse regarding war spoils and booty.  

لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ بَعَثَنَا فِي رَكْبٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَفِيهِ قَالَ وَكَانَ الْفَيْءُ إِذْ ذَاكَ مَنْ أَخَذَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ لَهُ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي بَعْثِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ أَمِيرٍ أُمِّرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْآيَةِ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ  

[Machine] "He heard Abu Hurairah saying, 'We conquered Khaybar but we did not gain any gold or silver. We only gained camels, cows, possessions, and walls.'"  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ افْتَتَحْنَا خَيْبَرَ فَلَمْ نَغْنَمْ ذَهَبًا وَلَا فِضَّةً إِنَّمَا غَنِمْنَا الْإِبِلَ وَالْبَقَرَ وَالْمَتَاعَ وَالْحَوَائِطَ  

[Machine] "To leave the last of the people without anything is not what the Muslims did when they opened a village. They divided it among themselves just as the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , divided Khaibar."  

أَنْ أَتْرُكَ آخِرَ النَّاسِ لَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ مَا افْتَتَحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَرْيَةً إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا بَيْنَهُمْ كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ  

[Machine] "To leave the last people with nothing, every village that is opened to me – I divide it just as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided Khaybar, but I leave it to them as cultivation."  

أَنْ أَتْرُكَ آخِرَ النَّاسِ بَبَّانًا لَيْسَ لَهُمْ شَيْءٌ مَا فُتِحَتْ عَلَيَّ قَرْيَةٌ إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ وَلَكِنْ أَتْرُكُهَا لَهُمْ حِرَاثَةً  

Sahl bin Abi Hathmah said “The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ divide Khaibar into two halves. One half was reserved for his emergency and needs, the other half was meant for the Muslims. He divided among them into eighteen portions.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3010)   

قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ نِصْفَيْنِ نِصْفٌ لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَحَاجَتِهِ وَنِصْفٌ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَسَمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا  

Bashir ibn Yasar, the client of the Ansar, reported on the authority of a group of the Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Khaybar, he divided it into thirty-six lots, each lot comprising one hundred portions. One half of it was for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and for the Muslims; and he separated the remaining half for the deputations which came to him, other matters and emergent needs of the people. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3012)   

عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا ظَهَرَ عَلَى خَيْبَرَ قَسَمَهَا عَلَى سِتَّةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ سَهْمًا جَمَعَ كُلُّ سَهْمٍ مِائَةَ سَهْمٍ فَكَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ النِّصْفُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَعَزَلَ النِّصْفَ الْبَاقِيَ لِمَنْ يَنْزِلُ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْوفُودِ وَالْأُمُورِ وَنَوَائِبِ النَّاسِ  

Bashir bin Yasar said “When Allaah bestowed Khaibar on His Prophet ﷺ as fai’ (spoils), he divided it into thirty six lots. Each lot comprised one hundred portions. He separated its half for his emergent needs and whatever befalls him. Al Watih and Al Kutaibah and Al Salalim and whatever acquired with them. He separated the other half and he divided Al Shaqq and Nata’ and whatever acquired with them. The portion of the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ lay in the property acquired with them. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3013)   

لَمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ قَسَمَهَا عَلَى سِتَّةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ سَهْمًا جَمَعَ كُلُّ سَهْمٍ مِائَةَ سَهْمٍ فَعَزَلَ نِصْفَهَا لِنَوَائِبِهِ وَمَا يَنْزِلُ بِهِ الْوَطِيحَةَ وَالْكَتِيبَةَ وَمَا أُجِيزَ مَعَهُمَا وَعَزَلَ النِّصْفَ الْآخَرَ فَقَسَمَهُ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الشِّقَّ وَالنَّطَاةَ وَمَا أُجِيزَ مَعَهُمَا وَكَانَ سَهْمُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِيمَا أُجِيزَ مَعَهُمْ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَالْعِلَّةُ فِيمَا لَمْ يَقْسِمْ مِنْهَا بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنَّهُ فُتِحَ صُلْحًا وَكَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً  

Abdullah ibn AbuBakr and some children of Muhammad ibn Maslamah said: There remained some people of Khaybar and they confined themselves to the fortresses. They asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to protect their lives and let them go. He did so. The people of Fadak heard this; they also adopted a similar way. (Fadak) was, therefore, exclusively reserved for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, for it was not captured by the expedition of cavalry and camelry. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3016)   

عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَبَعْضِ وَلَدِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ قَالُوا بَقِيَتْ بَقِيَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ فَحَصَّنُوا فَسَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُحْقَنَ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَيُسَيِّرَهُمْ فَفَعَلَ فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ أَهْلُ فَدَكٍ فَنَزَلُوا عَلَى مِثْلِهِ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَالِصَةً؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُوجَفْ عَلَيْهَا بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ  

[Machine] "Khaibar was partly by force and partly by peaceful means, and the majority of the Kattiba was through force but there was also peace. I asked Malik, what is the Kattiba? He said, it is the land of Khaibar and it is forty thousand acres."  

أَنَّ خَيْبَرَ كَانَ بَعْضُهَا عَنْوَةً وَبَعْضُهَا صُلْحًا وَالْكَتِيبَةُ أَكْثَرُهَا عَنْوَةً وَفِيهَا صُلْحٌ قُلْتُ لِمَالِكٍ وَمَا الْكَتِيبَةُ؟ قَالَ أَرْضُ خَيْبَرَ وَهِيَ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفَ عِذْقٍ  

[Machine] Al-Zubayr, by Allah, you will divide it just as the Prophet of Allah ﷺ divided Khaybar. Amr said, "By Allah, I will not divide it until I write to the Amir al-Mu'minin." So Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote to him, "Give it to me until Habal al-Habalat is conquered." Ibn Lahi'ah informed me that Khalid ibn Maimun narrated from Abdullah ibn al-Mughirah, who narrated from Sufyan ibn Wahb with the exception that he said, "Amr said, 'I would not say anything about it until I write to Umar ibn al-Khattab.' So he wrote to him, and he wrote to him with this."  

الزُّبَيْرُ وَاللهِ لَتَقْسِمَنَّهَا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو وَاللهِ لَا أَقْسِمُهَا حَتَّى أَكْتُبَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَقِرَّهَا حَتَّى تَغْزُوَ مِنْهَا حَبَلُ الْحَبَلَةِ 12829 قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ بِهَذَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُحْدِثَ فِيهَا شَيْئًا حَتَّى أَكْتُبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ بِهَذَا  

[Machine] Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "If it were not for the fact that I am leaving the people with a clear path, they would have nothing. Every time a village was conquered, I would divide it into two shares, just as the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , divided Khaibar. But I leave it to those who come after them to divide it as they wish." It was narrated by Nafi', the freed slave of Ibn Umar, who said: "The people achieved a great victory in Sham, and among them was Bilal. I think Mu'adh bin Jabal mentioned this, so they wrote to Umar bin Al-Khattab, suggesting that he do as the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , did in Khaibar. But he refused and they persisted, so he supplicated against them, saying: 'O Allah, suffice me with Bilal and his companions.' All of this indicates that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, saw it as beneficial to distribute the lands and sought to win over the hearts of the conquerors. And if they were not pleased with leaving the lands, the argument for distributing them according to what was established from the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , in his distribution of Khaibar remains valid. However, Zubayr bin Al-Awwam, Bilal, his companions, and Mu'adh doubted the narrator Umar regarding what he saw. And Allah knows best. We have also narrated from Umar regarding the conquest of As-Sawad and its distribution among the conquerors, until their hearts were won over by giving them what was in line with the words of others. This has been mentioned in its appropriate place in the abridged reports, if Allah wills."  

عُمَرُ ؓ لَوْلَا أَنِّي أَتْرُكُ يَعْنِي النَّاسَ بَبَّانًا لَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ مَا فُتِحَتْ قَرْيَةٌ إِلَّا قَسَمْتُهَا سُهْمَانًا كَمَا قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْبَرَ وَلَكِنْ أَتْرُكُهَا لِمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ جِرْيَةً يَقْسِمُونَهَا وَرَوَاهُ نَافِعٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ أَصَابَ النَّاسُ فَتْحًا بِالشَّامِ فِيهِمْ بِلَالٌ قَالَ وَأَظُنُّهُ ذَكَرَ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فِي قِسْمَتِهِ كَمَا صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِخَيْبَرَ فَأَبَى وَأَبَوْا فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ اللهُمَّ اكْفِنِي بِلَالًا وَأَصْحَابَ بِلَالٍ وَفِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَانَ يَرَى مِنَ الْمَصْلَحَةِ إِقْرَارَ الْأَرَاضِي وَكَانَ يَطْلُبُ اسْتِطَابَةَ قُلُوبِ الْغَانِمِينَ وَإِذَا لَمْ يَرْضَوْا بِتَرْكِهَا فَالْحُجَّةُ فِي قِسْمَتِهَا قَائِمَةٌ بِمَا ثَبَتَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي قِسْمَتِهِ خَيْبَرَ وَقَدْ خَالَفَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ وَبِلَالٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَمُعَاذٌ عَلَى الشَّكِّ مِنَ الرَّاوِي عُمَرَ ؓ فِيمَا رَأَى وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ فِي فَتْحِ السَّوَادِ وَقِسْمَتِهِ بَيْنَ الْغَانِمِينَ حَتَّى اسْتَطَابَ قُلُوبَهُمْ بِالرَّدِّ مَا يُوَافِقُ قَوْلَ غَيْرِهِ وَذَلِكَ يَرِدُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ مِنَ الْمُخْتَصَرَاتِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ تَعَالَى  

[Machine] Abu Tahir Al-Faqih and Abu Ya'la Al-Muhallabi narrated to us, they said: We are Abu Bakr Al-Qattan. Ahmad ibn Yusuf narrated to us, who was told by Abdul Razzaq, who was told by Ma'mar from Hammam ibn Munabbih, who said: This is what Abu Hurayrah told us, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whatever town you enter and stay in, your share of its spoils is like a share that is my due. And whatever town disobeys Allah and His Messenger, then indeed, its one-fifth (of the spoils) belongs to Allah, His Messenger, and to you."  

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ وَأَبُو يَعْلَى الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ قَالَا أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَطَّانُ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أنا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ أَتَيْتُمُوهَا وَأَقَمْتُمْ فِيهَا فَسَهْمُكُمْ أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ فَهِيَ لَكُمْ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ وَأَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ عَصَتِ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ خُمُسَهَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ  

Anas said “Eighty Meccans came down from the mountain of Al Tan’im against the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions at the (time of the) dawn prayer to kill them. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ took them captive without fighting and the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ set them free. Thereupon Allaah Most High sent down “He it is Who averted their hands from you and your hands from them in the valley of Makkah,” till the end of the verse. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2688)   

أَنَّ ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ هَبَطُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ جَبَلِ التَّنْعِيمِ عِنْدَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُمْ فَأَخَذَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سِلْمًا فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ} [الفتح 24] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ  

[Machine] We were with the Messenger of Allah in Hudaybiyah when he mentioned the story. Abdullah ibn Mughaffal said, "While we were in that state, thirty young men with weapons came upon us and they were hostile towards us. The Prophet ﷺ supplicated against them and Allah seized their eyesight. So, we went to them and captured them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked them, 'Have you come to us in the time of a pledge and has anyone given you security?' They replied, 'O Allah's Messenger! No, by Allah, except that we heard that you were a righteous man and that you do not harm those who have a treaty with you nor do you betray those who trust you.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'I will not kill you as long as you abide by the promise and treaty you have made with me. Now, what favor would you like me to do for you?' They said, 'We ask for your protection, O Messenger of Allah!' So, he granted them his protection and saved them from being killed." Then, Allah revealed the following verse: "And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within [the area of] Makkah after He caused you to overcome them. And ever is Allah of what you do Seeing." (Surah Al-Fath, 48:24)  

كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُغَفَّلٍ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا ثَلَاثُونَ شَابًّا عَلَيْهِمُ السِّلَاحُ فَثَارُوا فِي وُجُوهِنَا فَدَعَا عَلَيْهِمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَخَذَ اللهُ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ فَقُمْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَلْ جِئْتُمْ فِي عَهْدِ أَحَدٍ وَهَلْ جَعَلَ لَكُمْ أَحَدٌ أَمَانًا؟ قَالُوا اللهُمَّ لَا فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُمْ وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ بَعْدِ أَنْ أَظْفَرَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَانَ اللهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا} [الفتح 24]  

That he fought in a Ghazwa towards Najd along with Messenger of Allah ﷺ and when Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned, he too, returned along with him. The time of the afternoon nap overtook them when they were in a valley full of thorny trees. Messenger of Allah ﷺ dismounted and the people dispersed amongst the thorny trees, seeking the shade of the trees. Messenger of Allah ﷺ took shelter under a Samura tree and hung his sword on it. We slept for a while when Messenger of Allah ﷺ suddenly called us, and we went to him, to find a bedouin sitting with him. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "This (bedouin) took my sword out of its sheath while I was asleep. When I woke up, the naked sword was in his hand and he said to me, 'Who can save you from me?, I replied, 'Allah.' Now here he is sitting." Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not punish him (for that). (Using translation from Bukhārī 4135)   

أَنَّهُ غَزَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ غَزْوَةً قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فَلَمَّا قَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَفَلَ مَعَهُ فَأَدْرَكَتْهُمُ الْقَائِلَةُ يَوْمًا فِي وَادٍ كَثِيرِ الْعِضَاهِ فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ فِي الْعِضَاهِ يَسْتَظِلُّونَ بِالشَّجَرِ وَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ سَمُرَةٍ فَعَلَّقَ فِيهَا سَيْفَهُ قَالَ جَابِرٌ فَنِمْنَا نَوْمَةً فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْعُونَا فَأَجَبْنَاهُ فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ جَالِسٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ هَذَا اخْتَرَطَ سَيْفِي وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ فَاسْتَيْقَظْتُ وَهُوَ فِي يَدِهِ صَلْتًا فَقَالَ مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ فَقُلْتُ اللهُ فَقَالَ ثَانِيَةً مَنْ يَمْنَعُكَ مِنِّي؟ فَقُلْتُ اللهُ فَشَامَ السَّيْفَ وَجَلَسَ فَلَمْ يُعَاقِبْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ  

The Prophet ﷺ sent some cavalry towards Najd and they brought a man from the tribe of Banu Hanifa who was called Thumama bin Uthal. They fastened him to one of the pillars of the Mosque. The Prophet went to him and said, "What have you got, O Thumama?" He replied," I have got a good thought, O Muhammad! If you should kill me, you would kill a person who has already killed somebody, and if you should set me free, you would do a favor to one who is grateful, and if you want property, then ask me whatever wealth you want." He was left till the next day when the Prophet ﷺ said to him, "What have you got, Thumama? He said, "What I told you, i.e. if you set me free, you would do a favor to one who is grateful." The Prophet ﷺ left him till the day after, when he said, "What have you got, O Thumama?" He said, "I have got what I told you. "On that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Release Thumama." So he (i.e. Thumama) went to a garden of date-palm trees near to the Mosque, took a bath and then entered the Mosque and said, "I testify that None has the right to be worshipped except Allah, and also testify that Muhammad is His Apostle! By Allah, O Muhammad! There was no face on the surface of the earth most disliked by me than yours, but now your face has become the most beloved face to me. By Allah, there was no religion most disliked by me than yours, but now it is the most beloved religion to me. By Allah, there was no town most disliked by me than your town, but now it is the most beloved town to me. Your cavalry arrested me (at the time) when I was intending to perform the ʿUmra. And now what do you think?" The Prophet ﷺ gave him good tidings (congratulated him) and ordered him to perform the ʿUmra. So when he came to Mecca, someone said to him, "You have become a Sabian?" Thumama replied, "No! By Allah, I have embraced Islam with Muhammad, Apostle of Allah. No, by Allah! Not a single grain of wheat will come to you from Yamamah unless the Prophet gives his permission." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4372)   

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ يَقُولُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خَيْلًا قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ فَجَاءَتْ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ سَيِّدُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ فَرَبَطُوهُ بِسَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَاذَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ قَالَ عِنْدِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ خَيْرٌ إِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ وَإِنْ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ الْمَالَ فَسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ فَتَرَكَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ قَالَ لَهُ مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَكَ إِنْ تُنْعِمْ تُنْعِمْ عَلَى شَاكِرٍ وَإِنْ تَقْتُلْ تَقْتُلْ ذَا دَمٍ وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ الْمَالَ فَسَلْ تُعْطَ مِنْهُ مَا شِئْتَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَطْلِقُوا ثُمَامَةَ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى نَخْلٍ قَرِيبٍ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَاغْتَسَلَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَجْهٌ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ وَجْهِكَ وَقَدْ أَصْبَحَ وَجْهُكَ أَحَبَّ الْوُجُوهِ كُلِّهَا إِلِيَّ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ دِينٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ دِينِكَ فَأَصْبَحَ دِينُكَ أَحَبَّ الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ إِلِيَّ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ مِنْ بَلَدٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلِيَّ مِنْ بَلَدِكَ فَأَصْبَحَ بَلَدُكَ أَحَبَّ الْبِلَادِ إِلِيَّ وَإِنَّ خَيْلَكَ أَخَذَتْنِي وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَمَاذَا تَرَى؟ فَبَشَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ قَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ صَبَوْتَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ فَقَالَ لَا وَلَكِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَاللهِ لَا يَأْتِيكُمْ حَبَّةُ حِنْطَةٍ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ 12836 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ قُرِئَ عَلَى شُعَيْبِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ أَخْبَرَكَ أَبُوكَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ زَادَ حَتَّى كَانَ بَعْدُ الْغَدِ قَالَ مَا عِنْدَكَ يَا ثُمَامَةُ؟ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَ كَلَامِهِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said to the prisoners of Badr, "If Muṭ'im ibn 'Adi had fed you and then spoken to me about these captives, I would have set them free for him."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لِأُسَارَى بَدْرٍ لَوْ كَانَ مُطْعِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَيًّا ثُمَّ كَلَّمَنِي فِي هَؤُلَاءِ النَّتْنَى لَخَلَّيْتُهُمْ لَهُ  

[Machine] Abu Azza said on the day of Badr, "O Messenger of Allah, you know me well, and you know my poverty and my daughters that I have. He asked him to separate himself and gave him a pardon. Abu Azza left for Mecca without any ransom. When he reached Mecca, he incited the Prophet, ﷺ , and instigated the polytheists against the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . Abu Azza was captured on the day of Uhud, and the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , was brought to him. The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , used to say, 'The believer is not stung from the same hole twice.' This hadith has weak chain of narration, but it is well-known among the scholars of battles.  

قَالَ أَبُو عَزَّةَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنْتَ أَعْرَفُ النَّاسِ بِفَاقَتِي وَعِيَالِي وَإِنِّي ذُو بَنَاتٍ قَالَ فَرَقَّ لَهُ وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَعَفَا عَنْهُ وَخَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ بِلَا فِدَاءٍ فَلَمَّا أَتَى مَكَّةَ هَجَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَحَرَّضَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأُسِرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ أُتِيَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا يُلْدَغُ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ جُحْرٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ فِيهِ ضِعْفٌ وَهُوَ مَشْهُورٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي  

[Machine] "He was among those who were taken captive by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the Battle of Badr without paying ransom. He was Al-Mutalib ibn Hantab Al-Makhzumi, and he was in need but was not set free. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Azza Al-Jumahi performed his ransom. He said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I have daughters, so have mercy on me.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Wasifi ibn A'abid Al-Makhzumi performed his ransom, but he was not set free."  

وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ بِغَيْرِ فِدَاءٍ الْمُطَّلِبُ بْنُ حَنْطَبٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ وَكَانَ مُحْتَاجًا فَلَمْ يُفَادَ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو عَزَّةَ الْجُمَحِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بَنَاتِي فَرَحِمَهُ فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَصَيْفِيُّ بْنُ عَابِدٍ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ أَخَذَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَفِ  

[Machine] To the Prophet Muhammad, ﷺ , "O Muhammad, I am a man with daughters and needs, and there is no one in Mecca to ransom me, and you are aware of my situation." So the Prophet, ﷺ , bled himself and freed him, and allowed him to go. He made a covenant with him not to help the enemy against him, neither by hand nor by tongue. The Prophet, ﷺ , praised him when he forgave him, and mentioned his poetry, then he mentioned his story with Safwan ibn Umayyah al-Jumahi and Safwan's sign to him to join him in the Battle of Uhud. The Prophet, ﷺ , took care of his daughters and continued to support him until he obeyed him. He left in the Ahābish area of Banu Kinanah. Abu Azza was captured on the day of Uhud, and when he was brought to the Prophet, ﷺ , he said, "Be generous to me, release me." But the Prophet, ﷺ , said to him, "The people of Mecca say that you have harmed Muhammad twice." So he ordered his execution.  

لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّنِي ذُو بَنَاتٍ وَحَاجَةٍ وَلَيْسَ بِمَكَّةَ أَحَدٌ يَفْدِينِي وَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ حَاجَتِي فَحَقَنَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ دَمَهُ وَأَعْتَقَهُ وَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَعَاهَدَهُ أَنْ لَا يُعِينَ عَلَيْهِ بِيَدٍ وَلَا لِسَانٍ وَامْتَدَحَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حِينَ عَفَا عَنْهُ فَذَكَرَ الشِّعْرَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّتَهُ مَعَ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الْجُمَحِيِّ وَإِشَارَةَ صَفْوَانَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخُرُوجِ مَعَهُ فِي حَرْبِ أُحُدٍ وَتَكَفُّلَهُ بَنَاتِهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِ حَتَّى أَطَاعَهُ فَخَرَجَ فِي الْأَحَابِيشِ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ قَالَ فَأُسِرَ أَبُو عَزَّةَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَلَمَّا أُتِيَ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ أَنْعِمْ عَلَيَّ خَلِّ سَبِيلِي فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَا يَتَحَدَّثُ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ أَنَّكَ لَعِبْتَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ  

[Machine] The companions of the Prophet ﷺ captured a man from the tribe of Bani Aqil and tied him up in a pen. The Prophet ﷺ passed by him while we were with him, or he said, "He passed by him while riding on a donkey with a saddle made of a shawl underneath it." The man called out, "O Muhammad! O Muhammad!" So he (the Prophet) came to him and said, "What is the matter with you?" He replied, "I have been taken by the oath of your allies, the people of Thaqif." Thaqif had captured two men from among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ . The man then said, "O Muhammad! O Muhammad!" The Prophet asked, "What is the matter with you?" He replied, "I am a Muslim." The Prophet said, "If you had said that while you had control over your affairs, you would have succeeded in all matters." Then he left. The man called out, "O Muhammad! O Muhammad!" So he (the Prophet) returned and said, "What is the matter with you?" The man said, "I am hungry, so feed me." The Prophet considered it and then said, "I am thirsty, so give me a drink." The man said, "This is my request." So the Prophet freed the two men from Thaqif for him. This is the narration of Ishaq.  

أَسَرَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عَقِيلٍ فَأَوْثَقُوهُ فَطَرَحُوهُ فِي الْحَرَّةِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُ أَوْ قَالَ أَتَى عَلَيْهِ عَلَى حِمَارٍ وَتَحْتَهُ قَطِيفَةٌ فَنَادَاهُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ قَالَ فِيمَا أُخِذْتُ؟ قَالَ أُخِذْتَ بِجَرِيرَةِ حُلَفَائِكَ ثَقِيفٍ وَكَانَتْ ثَقِيفٌ قَدْ أَسَرَتْ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ قَالَ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ قَالَ إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ قَالَ لَوْ قُلْتَهَا وَأَنْتَ تَمْلِكُ أَمْرَكَ أَفْلَحْتَ كُلَّ الْفَلَاحِ قَالَ وَتَرَكَهُ وَمَضَى قَالَ فَنَادَاهُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَرَجَعَ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ فَقَالَ إِنِّي جَائِعٌ فَأَشْبِعْنِي وَحَسِبَهُ قَالَ إِنِّي عَطْشَانُ فَاسْقِنِي قَالَ هَذِهِ حَاجَتُكَ فَفَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ أَسَرَتْهُمَا ثَقِيفٌ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Abu Bakr, Ali, and Umar, what do you see in these prisoners?" Abu Bakr replied, "O Prophet of Allah, they are the sons of relatives and clansmen. I suggest that we take ransom from them, so that we gain strength over the disbelievers. It is possible that Allah may guide them to Islam." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then asked Ibn Al-Khattab, "What do you think, O son of Al-Khattab?" He replied, "No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I do not see what Abu Bakr sees. Rather, I believe we should overpower them and strike the necks of their leaders. Let Ali strike the neck of Aqil and I will strike the neck of Fulan, the uncle of Umar. These are the leaders of disbelief and its mainstay." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased with what Abu Bakr said and did not approve of what I said. The next morning, when I came, I found the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr sitting and weeping. I said, "O Messenger of Allah, please tell me the reason for your weeping, and the reason for your companion's weeping. If I find a reason to weep, I will weep along with you, and if I don't find a reason, I will pretend to weep." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I weep for what has been proposed to me by your companions regarding the ransom you suggested. Their punishment was presented to me, and it was less than this tree, a tree near the Prophet of Allah. Then Allah revealed to me, 'It is not for a Prophet to have captives until he has made a massacre in the land.' (Quran 8:67) until His saying, 'So enjoy what you have taken of booty as lawful and good.' (Quran 8:69) So Allah made the booty permissible for them."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيُّ وَعُمَرُ مَا تَرَوْنَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْأُسَارَى؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ هُمْ بَنُو الْعَمِّ وَالْعَشِيرَةِ أَرَى أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ فِدْيَةً؛ فَتَكُونَ لَنَا قُوَّةً عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَسَى اللهُ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُمْ لِلْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا تَرَى يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ؟ قُلْتُ لَا وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا أَرَى الَّذِي رَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تُمَكِّنَّا فَنَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ فَتُمَكِّنَ عَلِيًّا مِنْ عَقِيلٍ فَيَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَتُمَكِّنَنِي مِنْ فُلَانٍ نَسِيبٍ لِعُمَرَ فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ فَإِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَئِمَّةُ الْكُفْرِ وَصَنَادِيدُهَا فَهَوِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَمْ يَهْوَ مَا قُلْتُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ جِئْتُ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَاعِدَيْنِ يَبْكِيَانِ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَخْبِرْنِي مِنْ أِيِّ شَيْءٍ تَبْكِي أَنْتَ وَصَاحِبُكَ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ بُكَاءً بَكَيْتُ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ بُكَاءً تَبَاكَيْتُ بِبُكَائِكُمَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَبْكِي لِلَّذِي عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ أَصْحَابُكَ مِنْ أَخْذِكُمُ الْفِدَاءَ لَقَدْ عُرِضَ عَلَيَّ عَذَابُهُمْ أَدْنَى مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ شَجَرَةٌ قُرَيْبَةٌ مِنْ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ} [الأنفال 67] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} [الأنفال 69] فَأَحَلَّ اللهُ الْغَنِيمَةَ لَهُمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "What do you say about these captives?" Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah, your people and your lineage are opposing them, and deeming them misguided. It is better for you to precede them and soften their hearts, so that perhaps Allah may repent upon them." Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah, they have denied you and expelled you. Proceed ahead of them and strike their necks." Abdullah ibn Rawaha said, "O Messenger of Allah, you are in a valley abundant with firewood. Ignite the valley upon them and throw them into it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained silent and did not respond to them. He then stood up and entered, and later said, "Some people take the opinion of Abu Bakr, while others take the opinion of Umar, and still others take the opinion of Abdullah ibn Rawaha." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then addressed them, saying, "Verily, Allah softens the hearts of men until they become softer than milk, and verily, Allah strengthens the hearts of men until they become harder than stone. The likeness of you, O Abu Bakr, is like the likeness of Ibrahim, who said, 'And whoever follows me - indeed, he is of me; and whoever disobeys me - indeed, You are [yet] Forgiving and Merciful' [Al-Ma'idah 118]. And the likeness of you, O Umar, is like the likeness of Isa, who said, 'If You should punish them - indeed they are Your servants; but if You forgive them - indeed it is You who is the Exalted in Might, the Wise' [Al-Ma'idah 118]. And the likeness of you, O Umar, is the likeness of Musa, who said, 'Our Lord, obliterate their wealth and harden their hearts so that they will not believe until they see the painful punishment' [Yunus 88]. And the likeness of you, O Umar, is like the likeness of Nuh, who said, 'My Lord, do not leave upon the earth from among the disbelievers an inhabitant'" [Nuh 26]. You are weak, so no one from them should escape except through ransom or killing. Ibn Mas'ud said, "O Messenger of Allah, except for Suhail ibn Bayda, for I heard him mention Islam." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then remained silent, and I have never seen myself fearing stones falling from the sky upon me as I did on that day until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Except for Suhail ibn Bayda." Allah revealed, "It is not for a prophet to have captives [of war] until he inflicts a massacre [upon Allah 's enemies] in the land" [Al-Anfal 67], until the end of the three verses.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْأُسَارَى؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَوْمُكَ وَأَصْلُكَ اسْتَبْقِهِمْ وَاسْتَتِبْهُمْ؛ لَعَلَّ اللهَ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَذَّبُوكَ وَأَخْرَجُوكَ قَدِّمْهُمْ فَاضْرِبْ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنْتَ فِي وَادٍ كَثِيرِ الْحَطَبِ فَأَضْرِمِ الْوَادِي عَلَيْهِمْ نَارًا ثُمَّ أَلْقِهِمْ فِيهِ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ قَامَ فَدَخَلَ فَقَالَ نَاسٌ يَأْخُذُ بِقَوْلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَقَالَ نَاسٌ يَأْخُذُ بِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ وَقَالَ نَاسٌ يَأْخُذُ بِقَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُلِينُ قُلُوبَ رِجَالٍ فِيهِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ أَلْيَنَ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ وَإِنَّ اللهَ لَيُشَدِّدُ قُلُوبَ رِجَالٍ فِيهِ حَتَّى تَكُونَ أَشَدَّ مِنَ الْحِجَارَةِ وَإِنَّ مَثَلَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَمَثَلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ {وَمَنْ تَبِعَنِي فَإِنَّهُ مِنِّي وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَإِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} وَإِنَّ مَثَلَكَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَمَثَلِ عِيسَى قَالَ {إِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ وَإِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ} [المائدة 118] وَإِنَّ مَثَلَكَ يَا عُمَرُ مَثَلُ مُوسَى قَالَ {رَبَّنَا اطْمِسَ عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَاشْدُدْ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُوا حَتَّى يَرَوَا الْعَذَابَ الْأَلِيمَ} [يونس 88] وَإِنَّ مَثَلَكَ يَا عُمَرُ كَمَثَلِ نُوحٍ قَالَ {رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا} [نوح 26] أَنْتُمْ عَالَةٌ؛ فَلَا يَنْفَلِتَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا بِفِدَاءٍ أَوْ ضَرْبَةِ عُنُقٍ فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِلَّا سُهَيْلَ بْنَ بَيْضَاءَ؛ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ يَذْكُرُ الْإِسْلَامَ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَمَا رَأَيْتُنِي فِي يَوْمٍ أَخْوَفَ أَنْ تَقَعَ عَلَيَّ حِجَارَةٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مِنِّي فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ حَتَّى قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَّا سُهَيْلَ بْنَ بَيْضَاءَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى} [الأنفال 67] إِلَى آخِرِ الثَّلَاثِ الْآيَاتِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said about the captives on the day of Badr, "If you wish, you can kill them and if you wish, you can ransom them. You have also taken pleasure in the ransom and some of you have been martyred according to their number." The last of the seventy was Thabit bin Qais who was martyred at Yamamah.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي الْأُسَارَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَادَيْتُمُوهُمْ وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُمْ بِالْفِدَاءِ وَاسْتُشْهِدَ مِنْكُمْ بِعِدَّتِهِمْ فَكَانَ آخِرَ السَّبْعِينَ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ اسْتُشْهِدَ بِالْيَمَامَةِ  

The Prophet ﷺ fixed the ransom of the people of pre-Islamic Arabia at four hundred dirhams per head on the day of the battle of Badr. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2691)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ جَعَلَ فِدَاءَ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ  

[Machine] There were some prisoners on the day of Badr who had no ransom, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made their ransom to be that they would teach the children of the Ansar how to write. He said that a boy from the children of the Ansar came to his father and said, "What is the matter with you?" He said, "My teacher has beaten me." The boy said, "The evil one seeks revenge for Badr. By Allah, he will never attain it."  

كَانَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْأُسَارَى يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِدَاءٌ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِدَاءَهُمْ أَنْ يُعَلِّمُوا أَوْلَادَ الْأَنْصَارِ الْكِتَابَةَ قَالَ فَجَاءَ غُلَامٌ مِنْ أَوْلَادِ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى أَبِيهِ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ قَالَ ضَرَبَنِي مُعَلِّمِي قَالَ الْخَبِيثُ يَطْلُبُ بِذَحْلِ بَدْرٍ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْتِيهِ أَبَدًا  

Some men of the Ansar asked for the permission of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "Allow us to give up the ransom from our nephew Al-ʿAbbas. The Prophet ﷺ said (to them), "Do not leave (even) a Dirham (of his ransom). (Using translation from Bukhārī 2537)   

أَنَّ رِجَالًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ اسْتَأْذَنُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا ائْذَنْ لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَلْنَتْرُكْ لِابْنِ أُخْتِنَا الْعَبَّاسِ فِدَاءَهُ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللهِ لَا تَذَرُونَ دِرْهَمًا  

[Machine] When the people of Makkah sent their captives as tribute, Zainab, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , was sent as tribute for Abu Al-As. She was sent with a necklace that Khadijah had given her to wear when she was married to Abu Al-As. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw her, he was greatly moved and said, "If you see fit, then free her captive and return to her what belongs to her." They replied, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah," so they freed her and returned to her what belonged to her. Al-Abbas then said, "O Messenger of Allah, I am a Muslim." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah knows best about your Islam, so if it is as you say, then Allah will reward you. So, free yourself, as well as the two sons of your brother Nawfal bin Al-Harith bin Abd al-Muttalib and Aqeel bin Abi Talib bin Abd al-Muttalib, and your ally Uthbah bin Amr bin Jahdam, who is from the tribe of Bani Harith bin Fihr." Al-Abbas said, "I do not have that with me, O Messenger of Allah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Then where is the wealth that you buried, along with Umm Al-Fadl?" He said to her, "If I am saved, then this wealth belongs to the Bani Fadl and Abdullah and Qutham." Al-Abbas said, "By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I know that you are His Messenger, and this is something that no one besides me and Umm Al-Fadl knows. So, please accept on my behalf what you and your companions have received of the twenty ounces of wealth that I had with me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ agreed, and Al-Abbas, along with his two brothers and his ally, were freed. Allah revealed in the Quran, [O Prophet, say to the captives in your hands, 'If Allah knows any good in your hearts, He will give you better than what was taken from you and forgive you.' And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.] (Al-Anfal 70). Allah compensated me with twenty slaves, all of whom had wealth that they could use to help me, in addition to what I hoped for in terms of Allah's forgiveness. This is what our Sheikh Abu Abdullah informed us in his book Al-Mustadrak (12850). Ibn Ishaq also mentioned this in his book Maghazi. Then, Yunus said, "Ibn Ishaq returned to the earlier chain of narrators and mentioned the sending of Quraysh to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with their captives as tribute, and every group ransomed its captive with whatever pleased it. Then, he mentioned Al-Abbas' story with a chain of narrators after mentioning some other narrations, and their Hadiths all came together in what I mentioned to you on the Day of Badr." Then, he started returning to those narrations without mentioning this particular chain. And Allah knows best.  

لَمَّا بَعَثَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ فِي فِدَاءِ أَسْرَاهُمْ بَعَثَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي فِدَاءِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ وَبَعَثَتْ فِيهِ بِقِلَادَةٍ كَانَتْ خَدِيجَةُ أَدْخَلَتْهَا بِهَا عَلَى أَبِي الْعَاصِ حِينَ بَنَى عَلَيْهَا فَلَمَّا رَآهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَقَّ لَهَا رِقَّةً شَدِيدَةً وَقَالَ إِنْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَنْ تُطْلِقُوا لَهَا أَسِيرَهَا وَتَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهَا الَّذِي لَهَا فَافْعَلُوا قَالُوا نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فاَطْلَقُوه وَرَدُّوا عَلَيْهَا الَّذِي لَهَا وَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مُسْلِمًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِسْلَامِكَ فَإِنْ يَكُنْ كَمَا تَقُولُ فَاللهُ يَجْزِيكَ فَافْدِ نَفْسَكَ وَابْنَيْ أَخَوَيْكَ نَوْفَلَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَعَقِيلَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَحَلِيفَكَ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَحْدَمٍ أَخُو بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فِهْرٍ فَقَالَ مَا ذَاكَ عِنْدِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ فَأَيْنَ الْمَالُ الَّذِي دَفَنْتَ أَنْتَ وَأُمُّ الْفَضْلِ فَقُلْتَ لَهَا إِنْ أُصِبْتُ فَهَذَا الْمَالُ لِبَنِيَّ الْفَضْلِ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ وَقُثَمَ؟ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُهُ إِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ مَا عَلِمَهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرُ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ فَاحْتَسِبْ لِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِنْ عِشْرِينَ أُوقِيَّةٍ مِنْ مَالٍ كَانَ مَعِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَفْعَلُ فَفَدَى الْعَبَّاسُ نَفْسَهُ وَابْنَيْ أَخَوَيْهِ وَحَلِيفَهُ وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهَا {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِمَنْ فِي أَيْدِيكُمْ مِنَ الْأَسْرَى إِنْ يَعْلَمِ اللهُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ خَيْرًا يُؤْتِكُمْ خَيْرًا مِمَّا أُخِذَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} [الأنفال 70] وَأَعْطَانِي اللهُ مَكَانَ الْعِشْرِينَ الْأُوقِيَّةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ عِشْرِينَ عَبْدًا كُلُّهُمْ فِي يَدِهِ مَالٌ يَضْرِبُ بِهِ مَعَ مَا أَرْجُو مِنْ مَغْفِرَةِ اللهِ ﷻ كَذَا فِيمَا حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ شَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي كِتَابِ الْمُسْتَدْرَكِ 12850 وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا فِي مَغَازِي ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ زَيْنَبَ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ ثُمَّ بَعْدَ أَوْرَاقٍ يَقُولُ يُونُسُ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ إِلَى الْإِسْنَادِ الْأَوَّلِ فَذَكَرَ بِعْثَةَ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي فِدَاءِ أَسْرَاهُمْ فَفَدَى كُلُّ قَوْمٍ أَسِيرَهُمْ بِمَا رَضُوا ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْعَبَّاسِ هَذَا وَإِنَّمَا أَرَادَ يُونُسُ بِالْإِسْنَادِ الْأَوَّلِ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ رُومَانَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِنْ عُلَمَائِنَا فَبَعْضُهُمْ قَدْ حَدَّثَ بِمَا لَمْ يُحَدِّثْ بِهِ بَعْضٌ وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ حَدِيثُهُمْ فِيمَا ذَكَرْتُ لَكَ مَنْ يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ فَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُدْخِلُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا بِغَيْرِ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "That the soldiers were deceived by them, so I redeemed them and exerted effort in their redemption. Then I distributed it among them and divided it. Then the scorpion said: He is truthful, by Allah, neither did the Commander of the Faithful lie nor did I lie to him."  

أَنْ يُخْدَعَ عَنْهُمُ الْجُنْدُ فَفَادَيْتُهُمْ وَاجْتَهَدْتُ فِي فِدَائِهِمْ ثُمَّ خَمَّسْتُ وَقَسَمْتُ فَقَالَ ضَبَّةُ فَصَادِقٌ وَاللهِ فَمَا كَذَبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَا كَذَّبْتُهُ  

[Machine] Our elders told us that there was a man from the sons of the kings in the division of the palm trees on the day of Al-Qadisiyah. Saad wanted to take him from them, but they attacked him with their whips. He sent a message to them saying, "I have written to Umar ibn Al-Khattab." They responded, "We have already agreed." So Umar wrote to him, "We do not enslave the sons of the kings." So Saad took him from them. Al-Mughira said, "Because his ransom is greater than that."  

حَدَّثَنِي أَشْيَاخُنَا قَالُوا صَارَ فِي قِسْمَةِ النَّخَعِ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ الْمُلُوكِ يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ فَأَرَادَ سَعْدٌ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ مِنْهُمْ فَعَدَوْا عَلَيْهِ بِسِيَاطِهِمْ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِنِّي كَتَبْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالُوا قَدْ رَضِينَا فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ إِنَّا لَا نُخَمِّسُ أَبْنَاءَ الْمُلُوكِ فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْهُمْ سَعْدٌ فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ لِأَنَّ فِدَاءَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ  

Ibn ‘Umar said “The Jews Al Nadir and Quraizah fought with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ, so the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ expelled Banu Al Nadir and allowed the Quraizah to stay and favored them. The Quraizah thereafter fought (with the Prophet).” So he killed their men and divided their women, property and children among Muslims except some of them who associated with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. He gave them protection and later on they embraced Islam. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ expelled all the Jews of Madeenah in Toto, Banu Qainuqa, they were the people of ‘Abd Allaah bin Salam, the Jews of Banu Harith and any of Jews who resided in Madeenah. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3005)   

أَنَّ يَهُودَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَقُرَيْظَةَ حَارَبُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَأَقَرَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى حَارَبَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَتَلَ رِجَالَهُمْ وَقَسَّمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا بَعْضَهُمْ لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمُوا وَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَهُودَ الْمَدِينَةِ كُلَّهُمْ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ وَهُمْ قَوْمُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَيَهُودَ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ وَكُلَّ يَهُودِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ  

Anas bin Malik said “The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ entered Makkah in the year of the conquest (of Makkah) wearing a helmet on his head. When he took off it a man came to him and said “Ibn Akhtal is hanging with the curtains of the Ka’bah.” He said “Kill him”. Abu Dawud said “The name of Ibn Akhtal is ‘Abd Allaah and Abu Barzat Al Aslami killed him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2685)   

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ مِغْفَرٌ فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ ابْنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ اقْتُلُوهُ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] And among the captives were Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt and Nadhr ibn al-Harith. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Safra, Nadhr ibn al-Harith was killed by Ali ibn Abi Talib, as I have been informed. He then proceeded and when he arrived in A'raqi al-Thubyah, Uqbah ibn Abi Mu'ayt was killed. Uqbah said, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered his killing, 'Who will take care of my children?' The fire (of Hell) said, 'I will.' And Asim ibn Thabit ibn Abi al-Aqlah killed him.  

وَكَانَ فِي الْأُسَارَى عُقْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ وَالنَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالصَّفْرَاءِ قُتِلَ النَّضْرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَتَلَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ كَمَا خُبِّرْتُ ثُمَّ مَضَى فَلَمَّا كَانَ بِعَرَقِ الظَّبْيَةِ قُتِلَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ فَقَالَ عُقْبَةُ حِينَ أَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ مَنْ لِلصِّبْيَةِ؟ فَقَالَ النَّارُ وَقَتَلَهُ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَقْلَحِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had killed Huwayy ibn Akhtab Sabran after he was captured.  

قَدْ قَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حُيِيَّ بْنَ أَخْطَبَ صَبْرًا بَعْدَ أَنْ رُبِطَ  

[Machine] In his statement, "It is not for a prophet to have captives until he has thoroughly subdued the land," (Surah Al-Anfal 67), this was on the day of Badr, and the Muslims were few in number. But when they increased in number and their power intensified, Allah revealed this verse regarding the captives, "So, either a favor afterward or a ransom until the war lays down its burdens" (Surah Muhammad 4). So Allah made the Prophet and the believers have the choice regarding the matter of the captives: whether to kill them, or to enslave them, or to set them free.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ} [الأنفال 67] وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَلِيلٌ فَلَمَّا كَثُرُوا وَاشْتَدَّ سُلْطَانُهُمْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى هَذَا فِي الْأُسَارَى {فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً} [محمد 4] فَجَعَلَ اللهُ النَّبِيَّ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي أَمْرِ الْأُسَارَى إِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوهُمْ وَإِنْ شَاءُوا اسْتَعْبَدُوهُمْ وَإِنْ شَاءُوا فَادَوْهُمْ  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ said: Whoever brings a slave, it shall belong to him."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَتَى بِمَوْلًى فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ  

[Machine] "When it was the day of Hunayn, the conversation was mentioned about killing a man. A man said, 'So I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I heard him saying, "Whoever establishes clear evidence against a prisoner, then the prisoner's belongings are to be taken from him." Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us. I am Abu Abdullah bin Ya'qub, Muhammad bin Abdul Salam narrated to us, Yahya bin Yahya narrated to us, I am Hushaym who mentioned it. Muslim has also narrated the chain of this hadith in the Sahih (authentic) collection, but he did not mention the text. The scholars consider it to be a mistake. Malik bin Anas and Al-Laith bin Saad both narrated it from Yahya. Al-Laith said in the hadith, 'Whoever establishes clear evidence against a murderer, then his belongings are to be taken from him.' Malik said, 'Whoever kills a person, then there must be clear evidence against him, and his belongings are to be taken from him.' No one mentioned it concerning a prisoner other than Hushaym, and Allah knows best."  

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ حُنَيْنٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قَتْلِهِ رَجُلًا قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى أَسِيرٍ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أنا هُشَيْمٌ فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ إِسْنَادَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي الصَّحِيحِ وَلَمْ يَسُقْ مَتْنَهُ وَالْحُفَّاظُ يَرَوْنَهُ خَطَأً فَمَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَاللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ رَوَيَاهُ عَنْ يَحْيَى فَقَالَ اللَّيْثُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ مَنْ أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى قَتِيلٍ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ أَحَدٌ فِيهِ عَلَى أَسِيرٍ غَيْرَ هُشَيْمٍ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade plundering and taking captives.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ النُّهْبَةِ وَالْمُثْلَةِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , used to command Bilal, who would then call the people and they would bring their spoils of war. He would distribute and divide it, giving one-fifth of it as charity. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Anzi informed me, Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Darimi informed me, Mahboub ibn Musa informed me, I am Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, and this is narrated from Abdullah ibn Shawdhab by Aamir ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Waheed.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَصَابَ غَنِيمَةً أَمَرَ بِلَالًا فَنَادَى فِي النَّاسِ فَيَجِيئُونَ بِغَنَائِمِهِمْ فَيُخِمِّسُهَا وَيُقَسِّمُهَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ ثنا مَحْبُوبُ بْنُ مُوسَى أنا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ شَوْذَبٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَامِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] I came to the Prophet ﷺ while he was in the valley of Qura and he had a horse for sale. So, I asked him, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about the spoils?" He said, "Its fifth is for Allah, and four-fifths are for the army." I said, "Then, who is more deserving of it than anyone else?" He said, "Neither you nor anyone else can take it, just as an arrow you draw from your quiver is not more deserving of it than your Muslim brother."  

أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى وَهُوَ يَعْرِضُ فَرَسًا فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ؟ قَالَ لِلَّهِ خُمُسُهَا وَأَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ لِلْجَيْشِ قُلْتُ فَمَا أَحَدٌ أَوْلَى بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ؟ قَالَ لَا وَلَا السَّهْمُ تَسْتَخْرِجُهُ مِنْ جَنْبِكَ لَيْسَ أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ أَخِيكَ الْمُسْلِمِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ contributed two arrows to the knights, and one arrow to his companion.  

أَسْهَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمًا  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ divided the voluntary offering between the horse by two shares, and for the man by one share.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ فِي النَّفْلِ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمًا  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ allocated three shares for a man: one share for the man and two shares for the horse, and likewise.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِلرَّجُلِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ لِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمٌ وَلِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ assigned three arrows for a man and his horse, one arrow for himself and two arrows for his horse, and the same for another person.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَسْهَمَ لِلرَّجُلِ وَلِفَرَسِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ سَهْمًا لَهُ وَسَهْمَيْنِ لِفَرَسِهِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ divided the spoils of the day of Khaibar; two arrows for the horseman and one arrow for the footman. Abdullah Al-Umari, who was often doubtful, narrated this from another angle, from Al-Qa'nybi, from Abdullah Al-Umari, with hesitation regarding the horseman or horses. Al-Shafi'i commented on this in the past, as if he had heard Nafi' saying to the horseman "two arrows" and to the footman "one arrow." So he said to the horseman "two arrows" and to the footman "one arrow." No one among the knowledgeable people doubts the superiority of Ubaidullah ibn Umar over his brother in memorization.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لِلْفَارِسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا فَعَبْدُ اللهِ الْعُمَرِيُّ كَثِيرُ الْوَهْمِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ الْقَعْنَبِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْعُمَرِيِّ بِالشَّكِّ فِي الْفَارِسِ أَوِ الْفَرَسِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ كَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ نَافِعًا يَقُولُ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمًا فَقَالَ لِلْفَارِسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا وَلَيْسَ يَشُكُّ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ فِي تَقْدِمَةِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ فِي الْحِفْظِ  

[Machine] We witnessed the Battle of Hudaybiyah with the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . When we left, we saw that people were shaking their camel humps. Some of them said to others, "What is this for people?" They said, "Allah has revealed to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ ." So we went out trembling and found the Prophet, ﷺ , on his camel standing near the foot of the mountain. The people gathered around him, and he recited to them: "Indeed, We have given you a clear victory" [Quran 48:1]. A man said, "O Messenger of Allah, is this a victory?" He said, "Yes, by the One in Whose hand is my soul, it is indeed a victory." Then Khaibar was distributed among the people of Hudaybiyah, and no one entered it except those who witnessed the Battle of Hudaybiyah. The Prophet, ﷺ , divided it into eighteen equal parts, and the army was one thousand five hundred, three hundred of them were horsemen. So he gave two shares to the horsemen and one share to the foot soldier. Al-Shafi'i said in the Qadeem: Mujammal ibn Ya'qoub is an unknown scholar, so we relied on the narration of Ubaydullah, and we did not find any conflicting report like it, nor is it permissible to reject a report except with a report similar to it. The sheikh said, "The narrations about the distribution of Khaibar are conflicting, as it was divided among the people of Hudaybiyah, and the people of Hudaybiyah were, in most narrations, one thousand four hundred."  

شَهِدْنَا الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفْنَا عَنْهَا إِذَا النَّاسُ يَهُزُّونَ الْأَبَاعِرَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ مَا لِلنَّاسِ؟ قَالُوا أَوْحَى اللهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَخَرَجْنَا نُوجِفُ فَوَجَدْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ وَاقِفًا عِنْدَ كُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ فَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ فَقْرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ {إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا لَكَ فَتْحًا مُبِينًا} [الفتح 1] فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَفَتْحٌ هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ إِي وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهُ لَفَتْحٌ فَقُسِّمَتْ خَيْبَرُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ مَعَهُمْ فِيهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مَنْ شَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ فَقَسَمَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا وَكَانَ الْجَيْشُ أَلْفًا وَخَمْسَمِائَةٍ مِنْهُمْ ثَلَاثُمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ فَأَعْطَى الْفَارِسَ سَهْمَيْنِ وَالرَّاجِلَ سَهْمًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْقَدِيمِ مُجَمِّعُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ شَيْخٌ لَا يُعْرَفُ فَأَخَذْنَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِحَدِيثِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ وَلَمْ نَرَ لَهُ خَبَرًا مِثْلَهُ يُعَارِضُهُ وَلَا يَجُوزُ رَدُّ خَبَرٍ إِلَّا بِخَبَرٍ مِثْلِهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَالرِّوَايَةُ فِي قَسْمِ خَيْبَرَ مُتَعَارِضَةٌ؛ فَإِنَّهَا قُسِّمَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَأَهْلُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ كَانُوا فِي أَكْثَرِ الرِّوَايَاتِ أَلْفًا وَأَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'You are the best of people on Earth today.' Jabir said, 'If it was not for my sight, I would have shown you the location of the tree they brought out.' This narration is from Sahih (authentic) Hadith from Sufyan."  

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْتُمُ الْيَوْمَ خَيْرُ مَنْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ جَابِرٌ لَوْلَا بَصَرِي لَأَرَيْتُكُمْ مَوْضِعَ الشَّجَرَةِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Ibn Muhammad ibn Muslimah told me about someone from his family who witnessed it, and Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Hazm also narrated it to me. They said: The shares were distributed among the people of Khaybar, which amounted to one thousand and eight hundred shares. This was the number of those who the shares of Khaybar were divided among; the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, their horses, and their men. The men were one thousand and four hundred, and the horses were two hundred. Each horse had two shares, and its owner had one share, and each man had one share. The Hadith mentioned the details of the distribution.  

حَدَّثَنِي ابْنٌ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ عَمَّنْ أَدْرَكَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَدَّثَنِيهِ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ قَالَا كَانَتِ الْمَقَاسِمُ عَلَى أَمْوَالِ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَلْفٍ وَثَمَانِمِائَةِ سَهْمٍ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَدَدَ الَّذِينَ قُسِمَتْ خَيْبَرُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَيْلِهِمْ وَرِجَالِهِمْ الرِّجَالُ أَلْفٌ وَأَرْبَعُمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ وَالْخَيْلُ مِائَتَيْ فَرَسٍ فَكَانَ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمٌ وَلِكُلِّ رَاجِلٍ سَهْمٌ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي كَيْفِيَّةِ الْقِسْمَةِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ distributed two arrows to each of two hundred horses on the day of Khaybar. This has been narrated from Salih bin Kaysan, Bashir bin Yasir, and others, who all indicated the same. It has also been narrated with another chain of narration which is considered weak.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَسَمَ لِمِائَتَيْ فَرَسٍ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ سَهْمَيْنِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ وَبَشِيرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ  

[Machine] On the Day of Hunayn, I doubt, and indeed they were given six arrows; four for their horses and two for themselves, so they sold the two arrows for two camels.  

يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ أَنَا أَشُكُّ وَإِنَّهُمَا أُعْطِيَا سِتَّةَ أَسْهُمٍ؛ أَرْبَعَةً لِفَرَسَيْهِمَا وَسَهْمَيْنِ لَهُمَا فَبَاعَا السَّهْمَيْنِ بِبَكْرَيْنِ